There is very high confidence that models reproduce the general features of the global - scale annual mean surface temperature increase over the historical period, including the more rapid warming in the second half of the 20th century, and the cooling immediately
following large volcanic eruptions...
And a conclusion; «There is very high confidence that industrial era natural forcing is a small fraction of the anthropogenic forcing except for brief periods
following large volcanic eruptions.»
Not exact matches
That is the headline finding of an international team, led by geochemists from Trinity College Dublin, who discovered that
large impacts can be
followed by intense, long - lived, and explosive
volcanic eruptions.
There have been
large volcanic eruptions that have contributed to short - term cooling of Earth from the SO2 that reaches the stratosphere, which is what happened
following the Philippines Mount Pinatubo
eruption in June 1991.
We find an unprecedented, long - lasting and spatially synchronized cooling
following a cluster of
large volcanic eruptions in 536, 540 and 547 AD (ref.
Indeed, one complicating issue is that many
volcanic eruptions are shortly
followed by
large El Nino events (e.g. Emile - Geay argue strongly for such a response to the AD 1258
eruption).
If
volcanic emissions were significant in a climate context, we'd see notable spikes in CO2
following some of the
largest historical
eruptions.
These forcing factors constitute additional elements that could drive variability in the future, particularly
volcanic aerosols
following large eruptions [59,60].
Following large explosive
volcanic eruptions, precipitation decreases over much of the globe.
You can see in Figure 3 that some of these chemistry - climate models do capture this overshoot behaviour
following the effects of
large volcanic eruptions.
Large volcanic eruptions increase the number of small particles in the stratosphere that reflect sunlight, leading to short - term surface cooling lasting typically two to three years,
followed by a slow recovery.