Following shortly after her much acclaimed On Looking Into the Abyss, Prof. Himmelfarb gives us with this book a most
useful historical referent by which to evaluate the
indicators of cultural decline in our society.
Studies have found that visual sensory symptoms
following a concussion can actually be
useful indicators and aid in concussion management, but those studies generally depend upon reliable baselines.
Based on prior research suggesting that distinctions between allegations and substantiations are not
useful, 31,32 official reports of alleged child abuse were coded using a slightly modified version33 of the maltreatment classification scheme developed by Barnett et al. 34 Three general
indicators of child abuse were created, each dichotomized as present or not, based on the coding of the
following records: (1) physical abuse (any blows or injury to the head, torso, buttocks, or limbs; and violent handling, choking, burning, shaking, or nondescript injury); (2) sexual abuse (any sexual exposure, exploitation, molestation, or penetration); and (3) psychological maltreatment (threats to psychological safety and security, lack of acceptance and threats to self - esteem, or failure to allow age - appropriate autonomy).