Kimberly Prather and colleagues from the Center
for Aerosol Impacts on Climate and the Environment (CAICE) carried out the study, in an effort to understand the earlier inconsistent findings.
Microphysical effects determine macrophysical response
for aerosol impacts on deep convective clouds, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, Early Edition online the week of November 11 - 15, 2013, DOI: 10.1073 / pnas.1316830110.
Moving the chemical complexity of the ocean to the laboratory represented a major advance that will enable many new studies to be performed,» said Kimberly Prather, Distinguished Chair in Atmospheric Chemistry at the University of California, San Diego and director of the Center
for Aerosol Impacts on Climate and the Environment, who led the team of more than 30 scientists involved in this project.
The National Science Foundation's Center for Chemical Innovation supports the Center
for Aerosol Impacts on Climate and the Environment (CHE 1038028).
Not exact matches
In the tug of war,
aerosols don't necessarily counter the
impacts of climate change on sea ice (or the planet as a whole
for that matter).
In a separate study published Wednesday, researchers at the RIKEN Advanced Institute
for Computational Science in Japan, said
aerosols in the Arctic have a «profound»
impact on the global climate system.
The ARM Facility has provided the world's atmospheric scientists with continuous observations of cloud and
aerosol properties and their
impacts on the Earth's energy balance
for more than 20 years.
Analyzing such systems, whether they are on the surface of a catalyst, a microbial community, or atmospheric
aerosols, and understanding their
impact requires tools that can accurately identify and quantify hundreds of molecules,» said Dr. Julia Laskin, a PNNL chemist, who has been advancing the frontiers of the Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry, nicknamed nano - DESI,
for the last 3 years.
Similarly, we have not been able to tell how much of the
aerosol is capable of interacting with liquid or ice clouds (which depends on the different
aerosols» affinity
for water), and that
impacts our assessment of the
aerosol indirect effect.
Aerosols are however much more clearly responsible
for serious respiratory problems in big cities (London prior to 1950s, Beijing today), and their health
impacts are well known.
Since the true
impacts of longer term natural variability are not known and the one confidence estimates of
aerosol and cloud forcings used to tune the models to that «range of comfort» are quite a bit more uncertain that previously considered, that it might just be time
for a do over.
The meeting will mainly cover the following themes, but can include other topics related to understanding and modelling the atmosphere: ● Surface drag and momentum transport: orographic drag, convective momentum transport ● Processes relevant
for polar prediction: stable boundary layers, mixed - phase clouds ● Shallow and deep convection: stochasticity, scale - awareness, organization, grey zone issues ● Clouds and circulation feedbacks: boundary - layer clouds, CFMIP, cirrus ● Microphysics and
aerosol - cloud interactions: microphysical observations, parameterization, process studies on
aerosol - cloud interactions ● Radiation: circulation coupling; interaction between radiation and clouds ● Land - atmosphere interactions: Role of land processes (snow, soil moisture, soil temperature, and vegetation) in sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction ● Physics - dynamics coupling: numerical methods, scale - separation and grey - zone, thermodynamic consistency ● Next generation model development: the challenge of exascale, dynamical core developments, regional refinement, super-parametrization ● High
Impact and Extreme Weather: role of convective scale models; ensembles; relevant challenges
for model development
Basic physical science considerations, exploratory climate modeling, and the
impacts of volcanic
aerosols on climate all suggest that SWCE could partially compensate
for some effects — particularly net global warming — of increased atmospheric CO2.
As the Director of GISS and Principal Investigator
for the GISS ModelE Earth System Model, I am interested in understanding past, present and future climate and the
impacts of multiple drivers of climate change, including solar irradiance, atmospheric chemistry,
aerosols, and greenhouse gases.
While there is a reduction in the
impact of
aerosols, at a global level,
for some tropical regions, a shift towards higher concentrations is also reported.
The most important issue
for high / low ECS (GHG vs.
Aerosol forcing
impacts on GMST) is the elephant in the room, not included in BC17.
As part of that calculation, researchers have relied on simplifying assumptions when accounting
for the temperature
impacts of climate drivers other than carbon dioxide, such as tiny particles in the atmosphere known as
aerosols,
for example.»
«Evidence
for climate change in the satellite cloud record» «Cloud feedback mechanisms and their representation in global climate models» «A net decrease in the Earth's cloud,
aerosol, and surface 340 nm reflectivity during the past 33 yr (1979 — 2011)» «New observational evidence
for a positive cloud feedback that amplifies the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation» «
Impact of dataset choice on calculations of the short - term cloud feedback»
Aerosol collections on the NOAA Ron Brown for subsequent processing of INP activation temperature spectra and composition analyses, add a valuable measurement to the ACAPEX and related CalWater2 (NOAA) studies for use in parameterizing and modeling the impacts of marine boundary layer and other aerosols on climate and radiation via aerosol - indirect effects on mixed phase
Aerosol collections on the NOAA Ron Brown
for subsequent processing of INP activation temperature spectra and composition analyses, add a valuable measurement to the ACAPEX and related CalWater2 (NOAA) studies
for use in parameterizing and modeling the
impacts of marine boundary layer and other
aerosols on climate and radiation via
aerosol - indirect effects on mixed phase
aerosol - indirect effects on mixed phase clouds.
Lohmann et al. (2000) predicted a radiative
impact for the combined effect (i.e., first and second effects) of -1.3 and -0.9 Wm - 2
for externally and internally mixed carbonaceous
aerosols, respectively.
It has been suggested that a top - down allocation approach is more appropriate
for boundaries where human activities exert a direct
impact on the Earth (that is, climate change, ocean acidification, ozone depletion and chemical pollution), while a multiscale approach is more appropriate
for boundaries that are spatially heterogeneous (that is biogeochemical flows, freshwater use, land - system change, biodiversity loss and
aerosol loading).8 Even with a top - down approach and a single global boundary, however, allocation is fraught with difficult ethical issues.
The ARM Facility has provided the world's atmospheric scientists with continuous observations of cloud and
aerosol properties and their
impacts on the Earth's energy balance
for more than 20 years.
The net
impact on temperature attributed to each different forcing, solar, ghg (co2, methane), volcanic,
aerosol, albedo whatever are based on historical temp data and checked
for accuracy against models yes?
«The cooling
impact from increasing
aerosols more than masked the warming
impact from increasing greenhouse gases,» said John Fyfe, a senior scientist at Environment and Climate Change Canada and a co-author of the new study accepted
for publication in Geophysical Research Letters.
In the WGII Report, where they are examining the
impact of global warming as it relates to soot and other «pollutants» it is the opposite, with a definition of particulates but none
for aerosols.
Mount Pinatubo in the Phillipines erupted the next year, providing a natural laboratory
for studying
aerosols»
impact.
One reason
for the disproportionate influence of the Northern Hemisphere, particularly as it pertains to the
impact of
aerosols, is that most man - made
aerosols are released from the more industrialized regions north of the equator.
As stated earlier, I agree with the point that tropospheric
aerosols from fossil fuels are incredibly bad
for human health and other environmental
impacts (black carbon soot, acid rain, radioactive emissions, mercury poisoning), putting us in a situation of damned if we do, damned if we don't.
I, on the other hand, am worried about the
impact of a technology that has unknown consequences
for the environment, and which in some regards is definitely known not to work — c.f the fact that it does nothing
for ocean acidification, and also the implications of the mismatch in time scale between
aerosols and CO2.
Russell Dickerson, another atmospheric scientist at the University of Maryland, adds, «We have known
for a long time that
aerosols impact both the heating and phase changes [such as condensing and freezing of clouds, and that they can either inhibit or intensify clouds and precipitation.
Using available evidence, we describe the potential direct occupational and public health
impacts of exposures to
aerosols likely to be used
for SRM, including environmental sulfates, black carbon, metallic aluminum, and aluminum oxide
aerosols.