Neural systems supporting cognitive — affective interactions in adolescence: The role of puberty and implications
for affective disorders
Social influences of early developing biological and behavioral systems related to risk
for affective disorder
Nineteen participants met criteria for past or current mental illness, established using The Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - Aged Children: Epidemiologic Version (K - SADS - E, Orvaschel and Puig - Antich, 1994).
Hamilton depression rating scale extracted from the schedule
for affective disorders and schizophrenia SADS — C
Children fulfilling diagnostic criteria for ADHD based on this rating of DAWBA proceed to Step 2, which includes a confirmatory clinical interview with parents at the hospital, using the Kiddie - Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K - SADS, ADHD section)[62].
These results suggest that emotion recognition and affective empathy are related, consistent with a two - stage model in which cognitive empathy / emotion labelling precedes or provides a foundation
for affective empathy (e.g., Batson 2009; Feshbach 1987), as impairments were seen for the same emotions as were identified in the emotion recognition analyses.
Generally, adolescence is a vulnerable period
for affective illness and major depressive disorder, which are observed twice as often in girls than in boys [37].
However, motherhood is inconsequential
for affective well - being.
Presence of current and lifetime depressive and nondepressive disorders in the child was ascertained using the Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - Age Children — Revised for DSM IV (K - SADS - E), 25 administered separately to the parent and the child.
[jounal] Perlman, S. B. / 2011 / Developing connections
for affective regulation: Agerelated changes in emotional brain connectivity / Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 108: 607 ~ 620
An NCS - A clinical reappraisal study used licensed clinicians to interview adolescent - parent pairs by telephone with the Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - Age Children Lifetime Version.19 Diagnoses were made from combined parent - adolescent reports and, as needed, reconciliation interviews.
The difference between the groups was not statistically significant
for affective relapses (p = 0.09).
V: results
for affective disorder
Plotted scores
for the affective behavior of two example couples during the conflict discussion task.
Measures utilized include the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version 2.3 (DISC 2.3), Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - Aged Children (K - SADS - E), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Children's Global Assessment Scale (C - GAS).
Participants were reassessed at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years following treatment, using the Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - Age Children (K - SADS - E), the Child Depression Inventory (CDI), and the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 4 - 18 (CBCL / 4 -18).
Measures utilized include the Kiddie Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, the Crovitz Handedness Questionnaire, the Duke Tanner stage self - assessment, the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS), and the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM).
Children were assessed for PTSD symptoms using the Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - Age Children (K - SADS - E), State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and the Child Depression Inventory (CDI).
Measures utilized include the Family Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (F - SADS), the Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children - Epidemiologic (K - SADS), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression Scale (CES - D), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM - D).
Measures utilized include the Kiddie Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - Age Children - Epidemiologic version (K - SADS - E), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Revised, the Parent - Child Relationship Inventory (PCRI), the Parenting Stress Index (PSI), the Oppositional Defiant Disorder Rating Scale (ODDRS), and the Clinical Global Impression — Improvement (CGI - I).
Measures utilized include the Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - Age Children — Epidemiologic Version (K - SADS - E), the Life Events Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), the Symptom Checklist (SCL - 90), the Social Adjustment Scale — Self - Report (SAS - SR), and Children's Global Assessment Scale (C - GAS).
Students completed the Disaster Experiences Questionnaire, UCLA PTSD Reaction Index, Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Social Support Scale for Children (SSSC), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and the PTSD section of the Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children - Present and Lifetime Version (K - SADS - PL - PTSD).
Adolescents» lifetime and present DSM - IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) diagnoses were assessed using the Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia in School - Age Children — Present and Lifetime version (Kaufman et al., 1997).
Depression was assessed with the Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - Aged Children (K - SADS), Beck Depression Inventory for Youth (BDI - Y), and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) at pretreatment, posttreatment and annual follow - up assessments.
Measures used included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression Scale (CES - D), Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - Age Children (K - SADS - PL), the Therapy Procedures Checklist (TPC), and the Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS).
Measures administered to children at baseline post-treatment, 6 - and 12 - month follow - ups included the Kiddie Schedule
for Affective Disorders for School - age Children - Present and Lifetime Version (K - SADS - PL - PTSD) PTSD subscale, Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State - Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and the Children's Attributions and Perceptions Scale (CAPS).
Measures utilized include the Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children - Epidemiologic (K - SADS - E), the Longitudinal Interval Follow - up Evaluation (LIFE), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM - D).
Measures utilized include the Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS), Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - Age Children — Revised (K - SADS), Beck Depression Inventory, and the Children's Depression Inventory.
Measures utilized include Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - Age Children (K - SADS), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), the Conflict Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ - 20), and the Social Adjustment Scale — Self - Report (SAS - SR).
Measures included the Child PTSD Symptom Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - Age Children — Revised (K - SADS), and Children's Depression Inventory.
Measures included the Kiddie - Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - Age Children — Present and Lifetime Version (K - SADS - PL), K - SADS Depression and Mania Rating Scales (DRS and MRS), Child's Global Assessment Scale (C - GAS), Camberwell Family Interview for EE, and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale - II (FACES - II).
Measures utilized include the Washington University at St. Louis Kiddie Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (WASH - UKSADS), the Paediatric Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS), the Children's Depression Rating Scale Revised (CDRS - R), the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM - IV - present / lifetime (SCID - P / L), and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM - A).
Measures utilized include the Schedule
for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for School Age Children — Epidemiologic Version 5 (K - SADS - E-5), the Longitudinal Interval Follow - up Evaluation (LIFE), the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI - II), the Children's Global Adjustment Scale, the Social Adjustment Scale — Self - Report for Youth, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM - D).
Adolescents were assessed at intake, 3 -, 6 -, 9 -, and 12 - month follow - ups using the Kiddie - Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - Age Children — Present and Lifetime Version (K - SADS - PL), Camberwell Family Interview and Coding System, and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).
Measures utilized include the Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children — Epidemiological version, 5th edition (K - SADS - E), Beck Depression Inventory — II (BDI - II), The Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), Youth Self - Report - Revised (YSR), Child Behavior Check List (CBCL), and the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS - C).
This distinction has been previously found to be relevant for vulnerability profiling in relation to risk
for affective disorders [49].
Measures utilized include the Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - Age Children — Present and Life Version (K - SADS - PL), the Children's Depression Rating Scale — Revised (CDRS — R), and the Timeline Followback Interview (TLFB).
Measures included the Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - Age Children - Present and Lifetime Version (K - SADS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for Ages 1.5 - 5 (CBCL / 1.5 - 5) or Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6 - 18 (CBCL / 6 -18), and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI).
Affiliations Swiss National Center
for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Laboratory for Neurology & Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neurosciences, Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Measures utilized include the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, the Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia in School - Age Children — Present and Lifetime version (K - SADS - PL), the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS) and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Children (PANAS - C).
Measures utilized include the Early Intervention Developmental Profile (EIDP), the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI), the Parent Behavior Checklist (PBC), Kiddie Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - Aged Children (K - SADS - PL), the Parent - Child Relationship Scale and the Family Satisfaction Survey.
Kaplan (1991) stresses the need
for both affective and cognitive empathy in which we take in and contain the feelings of the other and also recognize and act from the perspective of a separate, unique, yet connected self.
Measures included the Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - Age Children - Present and Lifetime Version (K - SADS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Child Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI), Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5 - 5 (CBCL / 1.5 - 5) or Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6 - 18 (CBCL / 6 -18), and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI).
Measures utilized include the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory, the Parent Behavior Checklist (PBC), the Kiddie Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - Aged Children (K - SADS - PL), the Parent - Child Relationship Scale and the Family Satisfaction Survey.
Clinic group: 58 participants aged 8 — 16 years attending a mental health clinic with depression (DSM - III - R major depression, minor depression, or dysthymia, assessed using the Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - Age Children (K - SADS), Present version).
Robert Eres et al. at Monash University (2015) used voxel - based morphometry (VBM) to demonstrate that people with high scores
for affective empathy had greater gray matter density in the insula, while those with high scores for cognitive empathy had greater density in the midcingulate cortex and adjacent dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (MCC / dmPFC).
Second, after the ERP recording, all mothers and children were interviewed individually by trained clinical psychologists with the Italian version of the Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - age Children (K - SADS) 38 interview to collect the children's lifetime DSM - IV symptoms of social phobia, simple phobia, depression, enuresis, generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, panic disorder, attention - deficit / hyperactivity disorder, obsessive - compulsive disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional disorder, and tic disorder.
The depressed group was at an increased risk
for affective disorder in adult life and had elevated risks of psychiatric hospitalization and psychiatric treatment.
Total affective symptoms were calculated by averaging 18 items from the Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Change Version, 55 which measured depressive symptoms and manic symptoms.
Parents were assessed with the Family Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia.19 Teens were grouped into clinical groups based on their depressive symptoms and determination of DSM - III - R20, 21 diagnoses; details on all interviewed subjects are reported elsewhere.22 This analysis focuses on a medium depression group (n = 123 [25.9 %]-RRB-, which was called the subsyndromal group.12 These teens reported a previous depression episode or subdiagnostic levels of depressive symptoms that were insufficient to meet full criteria for a DSM - III - R affective diagnosis (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score, ≥ 24).16 Teens who met the criteria for the subsyndromal group and agreed to participate were randomized to receive either the prevention intervention program or usual care.