Such conditions would make photosynthesis impossible, both
for the algae in the surface water directly under the ice and those dwelling deeper in the ice close to the ice - water interface.
But if oil prices rise
enough for algae fuels to be cost effective, scientists hope to use what they've learned from that process to make biofuels that are both clean and profitable.
Additionally, it is difficult to find land with suitable characteristics
for algae growth and there are technical challenges of scaling up lab / pilot projects and cost effectiveness.
Demand for algae - based fuel is likely to be driven first by the need to capture carbon dioxide, the most abundant global - warming gas, from producers like coal plants.
«It's sustainable because we can grow algae on non-arable land using non-potable or even salt water,» Stephen Mayfield, director of the California
Center for Algae Biotechnology at UCSD, told Digital Trends.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Stephen Mayfield is the Director of UC San Diego's California Center
for Algae Biotechnology and Co-director of Food & Fuel for the 21st Century.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is calling for stepped - up efforts to control nutrient pollution responsible
for algae blooms in Lake Erie, but isn't proposing more federal regulations to accomplish the task.
These methods include both anaerobic and aerobic fermentation systems, and photo - bioreactor systems that can utilize the CO2 produced by coal - fired power plants or from cellulosic ethanol production, as a carbon source
for algae production.
There they provide
nutrients for algae which increase in numbers in what is called algal blooms.
That's right; in an ultimate waste = food opportunity, users of the kits can take something often
responsible for algae blooms and prescription drugs in our water and turn it into a valuable nutrient; as we've mentioned before, pee might soon be too valuable to flush, so here's your ticket to saving the phosphorous and nitrogen plants need to grow and keeping it out of our waterways.
Like I mentioned above, they learned to eat algae, learned to dive in the water (the colder temperatures carry more nutrients, which makes a better
home for the algaes they like to eat), and learned to stay down there for 40 to 60 minutes; their heart rate slows to about 25 percent it's normal rate, at about 7 or 8 beats per minute.
«TerraVia continues to achieve regulatory clearance
for its algae food ingredients across regulatory bodies and geographies,» says Mark Brooks, senior vice president, Food & Ingredients.
The telling hot spot recently observed in the southeast was discovered when the Indian River Lagoon on Florida's Atlantic coast,
known for its algae blooms and blankets of dead fish, became much saltier after 2011, and study lead author Arnoldo Valle - Levinson, professor of civil and coastal engineering sciences in UF's College of Engineering, began to investigate the situation.
The researchers fed the algae glycerol, a cheap waste product of biodiesel production, and urea, another inexpensive chemical that serves as a nitrogen
source for the algae.
Salinity fluctuation, higher water temperatures, increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and changes in rainfall are all possible effects of climate change that could lead to better
conditions for algae blooms.
In fact, Trent said, the technology is nearly cost - competitive with land - based production methods
for algae biofuels that require vast industrial - scale, open - air pond farms or in closed bioreactors.
OriginOil reps say Ensenada is a perfect
environment for algae growth, with abundant sunlight and access to seawater.
Windows Money
for Algae Fuels Bill Gates» Cascade Investment is putting money in Sapphire Energy, one more firm (see 15 Algae Biofuels Startups to Watch) trying to make second generation biofuels out of algae.
And the identification of newly hospitable regions of the
ocean for these algae in the study matches newly documented toxic algal blooms.
We swam up to the face mask bar
for algae masks that were so good we each bought some to take home, and had an incredible lunch at Lava.
Most black streaks form on the northern slopes of roofs, where it's darker and wetter —
ideal for algae growth.
The abrasions form tiny holes in their hairs, opening a
gateway for algae that can live and breed inside.
TerraVia, formerly Solazyme, Inc., has created a new company with VMG Partners, a private equity firm focused on consumer products, to exploit the market
opportunity for algae - based foods.
In their absence, the urchin population has bloomed, and with it, their
appetite for algae.
While the extra nitrogen is a rich
resource for algae in the Gulf, driving the growth of massive algal blooms, excess nitrogen has a more deadly impact on other marine life.
Many lakes have been warming with a changing climate, and clearer water caused by invasive zebra mussels provides more
sunlight for algae to grow in thicker mats.
By determining the most resilient algae strains and best
practices for algae farming, Sandia and its partner labs may one day enable farmers to produce enough algae to make biofuels a real competitor at the pump.
Their shells are important
terrain for algae and insect larvae to attach, and mussels are an important food source for some aquatic critters.
Sunlight that penetrates the ice is also
critical for algae and plankton of the Arctic Ocean.
Use it; don't lose it That «U» typically means enhanced oil recovery, but there is a growing interest in alternative funding options, such as using captured
CO2 for algae production or pulp and paper processing.
Parekh says that the companies believe they will one day be «competitive» with petroleum, and as a bonus, they will be able to avoid the steep up - front costs microalgae farmers face to create
pools for their algae.
But what might be bad news for polar bears and other animals dependent on sea ice could be good
news for the alga known as phytoplankton.
Sustainability is a priority, but so are economics, said John Williams, a
spokesman for the Algae Biomass Organization.
Energy output in relation to inputs, or «energy return on investment,» remains an
issue for algae, says the report.
Specifically, watersheds with extensive wetlands were
favorable for algae and watersheds with large proportions of deciduous forests were favorable for fish.
The bloom of
life for the algae is short lived, and their corpses sink to the depths below, where their decomposition gives rise to a burst in bacterial growth.
The additives act as
fertilizers for the algae, providing more food for the mosquito larvae and thereby reducing the time that it took for mosquito larvae to emerge.
These two organisms each had their own set of genes, but after millions of years and many, many, many generations, the genes mixed and both sets became
essential for the alga's survival.
«Combining multiple sequencing techniques, we were able to generate a chromosome - level assembly of the genome, which is an uncommonly high level of
architecture for an alga and similar to that of a model organism.