Or, cutting to the chase, wouldn't the better way to decide whose to «blame»
for this aridity be to compare what's in the factums with what's in the reasons?
The inversion acts as a barrier to vertical convection and is largely responsible
for the aridity and high frequency of fog found along the west coasts of the subtropical continents, especially in summer.
Consider this in the context of Mr. Romm's closely related prediction, also based on a blog citation of another single study using climate simulation models,
for aridity impacts for the U.S.:
In a region best known
for its aridity and less - than - optimal soils, their crop yields are impressive.
Tim Flannery, director of the South Australian Museum in Adelaide, had never given much thought to dry dirt, but while he was researching «Lush Life,» an article on Australian flowers (page 78), he gained a new appreciation
for aridity.
Not exact matches
Whether it be «violent flashfloods to stark
aridity» or «the bitter cold of the mountains to the blazing heat of the deserts,» one thing is certain: Arizona seems to earn its title of «one of the world's best natural laboratories
for weather.»
A brief return to
aridity around 8,000 years ago set the stage
for cattle herders to spread across North Africa, researchers suspect.
This timeframe is particularly relevant
for the evolution of past climate as it is a period of intense cooling coupled with increased
aridity at a global scale.
«It is not because the aardvark's body can't take the heat, but that the termites and ants that they rely on — not just
for food but also
for water — can't take the heat and
aridity of changing climates,» says Rey.
There is no evidence
for enhanced
aridity in the northern Neotropics.
According to one study that looked at eight fuel
aridity metrics in the Western U.S. and modeled climate change's effects on them, human - caused climate change accounted
for about 55 percent of the observed increases in fuel
aridity between 1979 and 2015 (Figure 6), and added an estimated 4.2 million hectares of forest fire area between 1984 and 2015.7 Based on all eight metrics, the Western U.S. experienced an average of 9 additional days per year of high fire potential due to climate change between 2000 and 2015, a 50 percent increase from the baseline of 17 days per year when looking back to 1979.
Biologists assume,
for example, that the spotted hyena is now found in savannas and arid regions of Africa and the Middle East because it is perfectly adapted to their specific conditions, such as high temperatures and
aridity.
But Stringer and Galway - Witham add that the region may have proved a difficult area to thrive in long term: «There were severe periods of
aridity before and after this time, meaning that the region was probably more often a «boulevard of broken dreams» than a stable haven
for early humans.»
Stein seems not to have hung it, and according to the catalogue
for the 2007 Vallotton exhibition at the Kunsthaus Zürich, she later cruelly wrote that «Vallotton was a Manet
for the impecunious,» whose «portraits had the
aridity but none of the elegance of David.»
The potential
for surprises increases as a function of sensitivity, but even «not so alarming» trends in warming can have long standing negative effects on reefal communities, continental
aridity, etc..
To overcome this problem, Karnauskas et al. adapted an engineering method
for estimating the potential evapotranspiration to GCM output, enabling them to calculate an
aridity change index (ACI)
for 80 globally distributed island groups.
What they found is that although about half of the island groups are projected to experience increased rainfall — predominantly in the deep tropics — overall changes to island freshwater balance will shift towards greater
aridity for over 73 % of the island groups (16 million people) by mid-century.
The authors teased out the effects of climate warming from other factors by looking at eight different systems
for rating forest
aridity; these included the Palmer Drought Severity Index, the MacArthur Forest Fire Danger Index and the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System.
Cyclostratigraphic analyses and transport mechanisms both point to solar irradiance and
aridity as major triggering factors
for dust supply over Western Europe during the Holocene.
«These conclusions have potential implications
for the coming decades, as climate models predict greater
aridity in the region,» the authors wrote.
Moreover, the faster - than - predicted change in global climate (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007) and the different available scenarios
for climate change suggest an increase in
aridity for the semi-arid regions of the globe and the Mediterranean region in the near future.
We used PDSI values from the North American Drought Atlas (NADA, version 2a) to detect changes in
aridity variability and periodicity
for the Southwest over the past millennium.
The result would be a crescendo of glacial outburst floods followed by a period of drastically increased
aridity for the lands around Tibet.
Evidence
for abrupt cooling (blue),
aridity (red), flooding (green) and high wind (purple).
Rainfall change and variability is very likely to affect vegetation in tropical grassland and savanna systems with,
for example, a reduction in cover and productivity simulated along an
aridity gradient in southern African savanna in response to the observed drying trend of about 8 mm / yr since 1970 (Woodward and Lomas, 2004a).
They found that climate change is responsible
for 55 percent of the observed increasing fuel
aridity.
He then used model projections
for the 21st Century to calculate potential changes in global
aridity.