Sentences with phrase «for atmospheric processes»

In the «Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences» (PNAS), the team has now studies how different biogenic compounds produce ELVOC's and how relevant these compounds are for the atmospheric processes.

Venus would seem to be a tempting destination for planetary probes: conveniently close, and an extreme laboratory for atmospheric processes familiar on Earth.

The planet is conveniently close, and an extreme laboratory for atmospheric processes familiar on Earth.

Not exact matches

The main objectives of this mission are to search for evidence of methane and other trace atmospheric gases that could be signatures of active biological or geological processes and to test key technologies in preparation for ESA's contribution to subsequent missions to Mars.

That cranks up the amount of energy available to fuel the processes responsible for atmospheric escape.

«Boundaries for a Healthy Planet,» by atmospheric scientist Jonathan Foley, explains the safe thresholds for environmental processes that profoundly affect sustainability.

Storms also a question mark The attribution studies also looked into storms and rainfall extremes, but the complexity of atmospheric processes during such events made it difficult for scientists to decipher the role of climate change.

«For various periods over the last 60 years, we have been able to combine important processes: atmospheric variability, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation, water and air temperatures, the occurrence of fresh surface water, and the duration of convection,» explains Dr. Marilena Oltmanns from GEOMAR, lead author of the study.

Once the monthly temperature data is collected and processed, it is placed in a «public» computer file for immediate access by atmospheric scientists in the U.S. and abroad.

This anthropogenic addition of nitrogen has reached a magnitude comparable to about half of global ocean nitrogen fixation (the natural process by which atmospheric nitrogen gas becomes a useful nutrient for organisms).

Processes for which global - level boundaries can not yet be quantified are represented by gray wedges; these are atmospheric aerosol loading, novel entities, and the functional role of biosphere integrity.

Their findings have been recently published in EPJ D and are particularly relevant for the development of novel applications in medicine, health care and materials processing because they involve air at normal atmospheric pressure, which would make it cheaper than applications in inert gases or nitrogen.

«We show that uptake of atmospheric NH3 (ammonia) onto surfaces containing TiO2 (titanium dioxide) is not a permanent removal process, as previously thought, but rather a photochemical route for generating reactive oxides of nitrogen that play a role in air pollution and are associated with significant health effects,» the authors write.

Iron encourages the bloom of tiny algae called phytoplankton, which take in carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolved in the ocean for photosynthesis; that process in turn draws atmospheric CO2 into the surface waters.

«We are beginning to see the links in a chain that begins with solar - driven processes acting on gas in the upper atmosphere and leads to atmospheric loss,» said Bruce Jakosky, MAVEN principal investigator with the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado, Boulder.

While the exact mechanism for charging and for initiating lightning within the Venusian clouds is not currently known (Yair 2012) it is nonetheless likely that cosmic ray ionization has an important role in this process as it is believed to be the primary source of atmospheric ions at middle and low altitudes.

Field and laboratory studies provide the foundation for Stage 1, which focuses on improving scientific understanding of isolated atmospheric processes.

A strong argument for the importance of SH processes is the co-evolution of antarctic temperature and atmospheric CO2.

The AMT, for example, is designed to evaluate the performance of aerosol process modules that calculate specific climate - relevant atmospheric processes.

A 2008 study led by James Hansen found that climate sensitivity to «fast feedback processes» is 3 °C, but when accounting for longer - term feedbacks (such as ice sheet disintegration, vegetation migration, and greenhouse gas release from soils, tundra or ocean), if atmospheric CO2 remains at the doubled level, the sensitivity increases to 6 °C based on paleoclimatic (historical climate) data.

Find out how researchers are using data from U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility — the world's most comprehensive outdoor laboratory and data archive for research related to atmospheric processes that affect Earth's climate — to improving regional and global climate models.

Find out how researchers are using data from the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility — the world's most comprehensive outdoor laboratory and data archive for research related to atmospheric processes that affect Earth's climate — to improve earth system models.

WCRP - JSC / CAS WGNE promotes co-ordinated numerical experimentation for validating model results, observed atmospheric properties, exploring the natural and forced variability and predictability of the atmosphere, (e.g. the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project, AMIP), as well as studies aimed at refining numerical techniques, and the formulation of atmospheric physics processes.

Once the monthly temperature data are collected and processed, they are archived for immediate access by atmospheric scientists in the U.S. and abroad.

While models contain a lot of physics, they don't contain many small - scale processes that more specialised groups (of atmospheric chemists, or coastal oceanographers for instance) might worry about a lot.

The natural process of atmospheric blocking, and the climate impacts induced by such blocking, are the principal cause for this heat wave.

The process would continue for a millenium, slowly stablising with the atmospheric CO2 level in 1,000 years containing 20 % to 30 % of our total emissions (as opposed to the 45 % of today).

This provides a stable reference temperature structure for the fast feedback processes to operate and maintain the amounts of atmospheric water vapor and clouds at their quasi-equilibrium concentrations.

The processes (absorption of light, collisional energy transfer and emission) can be separated because the average time that an isolated CO2 molecule takes before it emits a photon is much longer that the time for collisional de-excitation (~ tens of microseconds at atmospheric pressure, less, higher in the atmosphere).

θ = potential temperature, which is conserved for dry adiabatic processes and is a useful vertical coordinate for examining various fluid mechanical processes (like Rossby waves) when the atmospheric lapse rate is stable (for dry convection)(which is generally true on a large scale away from the boundary layer).

New Study Finds Most Of Earth's Oxygen Used For Complaining SEATTLE — Following a multiyear study of atmospheric gases and their role in organic processes on earth, a team of researchers at the University of Washington reported this week that the majority of the oxygen on the planet is used for complainiFor Complaining SEATTLE — Following a multiyear study of atmospheric gases and their role in organic processes on earth, a team of researchers at the University of Washington reported this week that the majority of the oxygen on the planet is used for complainifor complaining.

Given that the answer to this for atmospheric models is a resounding «NO» (particularly because of sub-grid scale processes which need to be effectively pre-ordained through parameterizations), and given that oceanic circulations have much longer adjustment time scales, yet also have much more intense small scale (gyre) circulations than the atmosphere, my instinct is that we are not even close to being able to trust ocean models without long term validation data.

Once the ice reaches the equator, the equilibrium climate is significantly colder than what would initiate melting at the equator, but if CO2 from geologic emissions build up (they would, but very slowly — geochemical processes provide a negative feedback by changing atmospheric CO2 in response to climate changes, but this is generally very slow, and thus can not prevent faster changes from faster external forcings) enough, it can initiate melting — what happens then is a runaway in the opposite direction (until the ice is completely gone — the extreme warmth and CO2 amount at that point, combined with left - over glacial debris available for chemical weathering, will draw CO2 out of the atmosphere, possibly allowing some ice to return).

If so, I think we want to include tightly coupled chemical and biological processes, in that case — for example, the chemical fate of atmospheric methane over time, the effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 on oceanic acid - base chemistry, and the response of the biological components of the carbon cycle to increased temperatures and a changing hydrologic cycle.

Fred Moulton: You assert: «the process is not oxidative, and so the commensurate reduction in atmospheric O2 we have seen with rising CO2 requires an oxidative process for its explanation that volcanism can't provide.»

Depending on what they are used for, models can also include interactive atmospheric chemistry, ocean biology, and other processes.

In 1937, advocates of technocracy believed that scarcity had been abolished, thereby making economics redundant, whereas the basis for technocracies in 2013 is the idea that in spite of almost another century of economic, industrial and scientific development, scarcity, either in the form of substance, i.e. resources, or as natural processes such as the sequestration of atmospheric CO2, persists.

For example, atmospheric carbon dioxide grew by approximately 30 % during the transition from the most recent cold glacial period, about 20,000 years ago, to the current warm interglacial period; the corresponding rate of decrease in surface ocean pH, driven by geological processes, was approximately 50 times slower than the current rate driven largely by fossil fuel burning.

This process recycles atmospheric CO2, locking it up in the deep ocean where it can stay for hundreds of years.

Widespread implementation of the Haber - Bosch process — an industrial means for converting the limitless pool of atmospheric N2 into usable forms of nitrogen, including fertilizer — had released much of the world from nitrogen constraints on crop growth.

There is currently no consensus on the optimal way to divide computer resources among finer numerical grids, which allow for better simulations; greater numbers of ensemble members, which allow for better statistical estimates of uncertainty; and inclusion of a more complete set of processes (e.g., carbon feedbacks, atmospheric chemistry interactions).

It is a template because humans were blamed for atmospheric ozone destruction without evidence, while natural processes were ignored.

The 2nd Pan-GASS meeting sponsored by the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science is focused on «Understanding and Modelling Atmospheric Processes» (UMAP) and aims to bring together NWP and climate scientists, observationalists and modellers to discuss the key issues of atmospheric science and to coordinate efforts to improve weather and climate models.

A lovely short book, with short, accurate explanations eg, ideas for simple experiments eg and calculations to demonstrate atmospheric processes and helpful illustrations.

She develops and applies numerical models for small - scale atmospheric processes and study these processes effect on the general circulation.

Ensembles of process - based crop models are increasingly used to simulate crop growth for scenarios of temperature and / or precipitation changes corresponding to different projections of atmospheric CO2 concentrations.

So the prediction from Vostok is for a natural temperature response about the same as IPCC predicts for man doubling atmospheric CO2 content after turning off the on - going natural processes.

It is less well known that this behaviour exists within atmospheric processes and temperature in particular (e.g. Koscielny - Bunde, et al., 1998; Koutsoyiannis, 2003; Climate, hydrology and freshwater (Discussion) Cohn & Lins, 2005 for instrumental temperature records; Koutsoyiannis, 2003; Rybski et al., 2006; Koutsoyiannis & Montanari, 2007 for proxy temperature time series)....

External processes such as the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases and variability due to volcanic eruptions are also important for driving variability in atmospheric circulation patterns.

Non-condensing greenhouse gases, which account for 25 % of the total terrestrial greenhouse effect, thus serve to provide the stable temperature structure that sustains the current levels of atmospheric water vapor and clouds via feedback processes that account for the remaining 75 % of the greenhouse effect.