Sentences with phrase «for atmospheric temperature»

To understand the surface warming, one has to create and solve for atmospheric temperature including both radiation and convective effects.

As for atmospheric temperature profiles, let's compare

Carl Mears and team at RSS have published a new paper describing a revision of their data for atmospheric temperature.

No current dataset for atmospheric temperature shows 2012 to be 8th so the range is 9th to 11th.

The shifting climatic regimes are evident in climate records — the most significant for atmospheric temperature are discussed below.

The other lesson from this episode is the decades it takes for atmospheric temperature changes to percolate through to the oceans.

Humans are responsible for at most 30 % of the unsaturated remainder... so ok, there is no other option but for atmospheric temperature to increase not very much.

Not exact matches

Increased atmospheric heat obviously makes temperatures warmer, which leaves less time for ice to form and solidify and create new layers on glaciers and ice sheets.

And, of course, the early 2005 descent of the Huygens probe through Titan's atmosphere for two and a half hours captured panoramic images and measurements of atmospheric composition, transparency, winds and temperature before the probe came to rest on the moon's surface.

Whether or not farmers agree about the causes or even existence of climate change, researchers agree that farmers still have to prepare their farms for the consequences of rising temperatures, increased atmospheric CO2 and more extreme weather events.

The reaction rate between atmospheric hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) is greatly enhanced in the presence of ice particles; HCl dissolves readily into ice, and the collisional reaction probability for ClONO2 on the surface of ice with HCl in the mole fraction range from ∼ 0.003 to 0.010 is in the range from ∼ 0.05 to 0.1 for temperatures near 200 K. Chlorine (Cl2) is released into the gas phase on a time scale of at most a few milliseconds, whereas nitric acid (HNO3), the other product, remains in the condensed phase.

They thrived in temperatures of up to 21 °C and atmospheric CO2 concentrations of up to 780 parts per million — beyond predicted rises for the next century (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, DOI: 10.1073 / pnas.0811143106).

That could be significant for life, because the cycling of elements into Earth's crust and out of volcanic eruptions helps keep our planet habitable by stabilizing atmospheric temperature.

«People have thought about how forest loss matters for an ecosystem, and maybe for local temperatures, but they haven't thought about how that interacts with the global climate,» said co-author Abigail Swann, a UW assistant professor of atmospheric sciences and of biology.

To explain this apparent paradox, the researchers called upon a theory for how the global carbon cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide and Earth's temperature are linked on geologic timescales.

For their part, though, global warming skeptics such as atmospheric physicist Fred Singer maintain that cold weather snaps are responsible for more human deaths than warm temperatures and heat wavFor their part, though, global warming skeptics such as atmospheric physicist Fred Singer maintain that cold weather snaps are responsible for more human deaths than warm temperatures and heat wavfor more human deaths than warm temperatures and heat waves.

Humanity's quest for fire has left a consistent trace, remarkable even in the vast expanse of geologic time — and that trace is, in large part, a dirty, black smudge that covers the globe as well as higher concentrations of atmospheric CO2 that may set Earth's temperature for millennia.

To determine whether declining pollutants deserve credit for the recovery, the researchers used a 3D atmospheric model to separate the effects of the chemicals from those of weather, which can affect ozone loss through winds and temperature, and volcanic eruptions, which deplete ozone by pumping sulfate particles into the upper atmosphere.

Black carbon aerosols — particles of carbon that rise into the atmosphere when biomass, agricultural waste, and fossil fuels are burned in an incomplete way — are important for understanding climate change, as they absorb sunlight, leading to higher atmospheric temperatures, and can also coat Arctic snow with a darker layer, reducing its reflectivity and leading to increased melting.

Their results suggest a drop of as much as 10 degrees for fresh water during the warm season and 6 degrees for the atmosphere in the North Atlantic, giving further evidence that the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide and Earth's surface temperature are inextricably linked.

They developed a calculation to divide the sound into smaller pieces and then estimated the source location for all the small pieces, correcting for delays caused by the speed of sound in air at room temperature and at standard atmospheric pressure.

Prospects for Venusian life have been dismissed because of harsh conditions on the planet's surface: there is no water, temperatures reach 477 °C and the atmospheric pressure is 92 times that on Earth's surface.

The resulting lower atmospheric CO2, the argument goes, would mean lower temperatures, suggesting that the mechanism was at least partially responsible for triggering past ice ages.

The measurement method using the harmonic interferometer that we have developed does not depend upon gas composition used when plasma is produced, as compared to other electron density diagnostic methods for atmospheric pressure low - temperature plasma.

«This relationship between Antarctica temperature and CO2 suggested that somehow the Southern Ocean was pivotal in controlling natural atmospheric CO2 concentrations,» said Dr Maxim Nikurashin from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science.

Another principal investigator for the project, Laura Pan, senior scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo., believes storm clusters over this area of the Pacific are likely to influence climate in new ways, especially as the warm ocean temperatures (which feed the storms and chimney) continue to heat up and atmospheric patterns continue to evolve.

Yet there is no doubt that research into atmospheric aerosols is becoming increasingly important due to the effects that they can have on the global temperature of Earth, given that solar radiation is the main source of energy for Earth - Atmosphere system.

New measurements by NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies indicate that 2012 was the ninth warmest year since 1880, and that the past decade or so has seen some of the warmest years in the last 132 years.One way to illustrate changes in global atmospheric temperatures is by looking at how far temperatures stray from «normal», or a baseline.

The results suggest that the impact of sea ice seems critical for the Arctic surface temperature changes, but the temperature trend elsewhere seems rather due mainly to changes in ocean surface temperatures and atmospheric variability.

«In our study we used satellite data for sea ice and sea surface temperatures to run some coordinated hindcast experiments with five different atmospheric models,» Ogawa says.

Even models that correctly capture cloud behavior may fail to fully account for other climate feedbacks from factors like changing snow and sea ice cover, atmospheric water vapor content, and temperature.

Even if all greenhouse emissions were to stop today, atmospheric carbon dioxide will remain high for millennia, and ocean surface temperatures will stay elevated even longer, a new study predicts.

«For various periods over the last 60 years, we have been able to combine important processes: atmospheric variability, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation, water and air temperatures, the occurrence of fresh surface water, and the duration of convection,» explains Dr. Marilena Oltmanns from GEOMAR, lead author of the study.

Names of specific instruments are indicated as follows: CP for Airborne eXpendable Current Profilers (AXCP), CTD for Aircraft eXpendable Current - Temperature - Depth (AXCTD) profilers, and D for dropwindsondes (lower atmospheric profilers).

This dynamic time for East Antarctic glaciers occurred when atmospheric temperatures and atmospheric CO2 levels were similar to or higher than present day.

«It would be like trying to predict El Niño with a sophisticated atmospheric model, but with the Sea Surface Temperatures taken from external, independent projections by, for example, the United Nations,» said Kalnay.

Once the monthly temperature data is collected and processed, it is placed in a «public» computer file for immediate access by atmospheric scientists in the U.S. and abroad.

Because atmospheric conditions such as wind and temperature can greatly affect particulate - matter measurements, researchers from EPIC - India and the Evidence for Policy Design initiative at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, gathered data from air - quality monitors in New Delhi and placed monitors in three adjacent cities as a control.

But ocean temperatures alone don't define an El Niño; CPC forecasters also look for the corresponding shifts in atmospheric patterns, namely a weakening of the typical east - to - west trade winds over the region.

The low atmospheric temperature also works to slow the reaction, giving additional time for the separation of molecules.

By analyzing global water vapor and temperature satellite data for the lower atmosphere, Texas A&M University atmospheric scientist Andrew Dessler and his colleagues found that warming driven by carbon dioxide and other gases allowed the air to hold more moisture, increasing the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere.

They have also developed a technique for using Q - carbon to make diamond - related structures at room temperature and at ambient atmospheric pressure in air.

For example, he said, most participants recognized that carbon dioxide increases global temperatures, yet mistakenly indicated that rising levels of atmospheric CO2 are expected to «reduce photosynthesis in plants.»

But the new study accounts for more climate variables, not just temperature, that could come into play, including atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and rainfall patterns.

Regional trends are notoriously problematic for models, and seems more likely to me that the underprediction of European warming has to do with either the modeled ocean temperature pattern, the modelled atmospheric response to this pattern, or some problem related to the local hydrological cycle and boundary layer moisture dynamics.

There's also a tendency for some people just to concentrate on atmospheric or surface air temperatures when there are other, more useful, indicators that can give us a better idea how rapidly the world is warming.

For example, in Earth atmospheric circulation (such as Hadley cells) transport heat between the warmer equatorial regions to the cool polar regions and this circulation pattern not only determines the temperature distribution, but also sets which regions on Earth are dry or rainy and how clouds form over the planet.

For as much as atmospheric temperatures are rising, the amount of energy being absorbed by the planet is even more striking when one looks into the deep oceans and the change in the global heat content (Figure 4).

In this work, using a simple time - dependent 1D model, we demonstrate that radiative cloud feedback can drive spontaneous atmospheric variabilities in both temperature and cloud structures under conditions appropriate for brown dwarfs and directly imaged EGPs.

We argue that KELT - 18b's high temperature and low surface gravity, which yield an estimated ~ 600 km atmospheric scale height, combined with its hot, bright host make it an excellent candidate for observations aimed at atmospheric characterization.