Sentences with phrase «for axon»

And also transfer partners to get enough points for AXON stay, this is horrible.

Several of these are known to be important for neural development in worms — for example, the gene cle - 1 is needed for axon guidance.

is needed for axon guidance.

We're focused on glaucoma and it has to do with a set of very surprising findings in a region that we know is critical for axon loss in glaucoma, which is the optic nerve head.

«We found that the steepness of the gradient is a critical factor for axon guidance; the steeper the gradient, the better the axons respond to guidance cues,» says Tyler F.W. Sloan, PhD student in Dr. Charron's laboratory and first author of the study.

Over the past few decades, the scientific community has struggled to understand why more than one guidance cue would be necessary for axons to reach the proper target.

In particular, what are the molecular mechanisms underlying the ability of long - range projecting pyramidal neurons and locally - projecting interneurons to form an axon, for these axons to grow and branch and finally find their appropriate synaptic targets?

Notably the profiles of the majority of NF + axons, particularly within the rostral and caudal margins of hGDABMP grafted injuries, were end on to the transverse plane of section indicating that, as previously observed for axons within spinal cord injury sites bridged with rodent GDAsBMP [14], these axons were aligned with the normal rostral / caudal trajectory of the DLF white matter (Fig. 2 A and E).

Oligodendrocytes also provide metabolic and nutritional support for axons, and thus play critical roles in neuronal survival and integrity.

Not exact matches

Giza speculates that youth may be at greater risk for more severe damage from concussion because developing brains lack myelin, the covering that protects axons.

Myelin is a fatty material that coats the axon of the brain cell, acting as a protection for the cell.

Neuronal activity typically requires sensory input — for example, a taste or smell — that gets received by neurons» dendrites and then transmitted as an electrochemical message to other cells via long axons.

In a specific example of this scenario, co-occurrence of two alternative variants of the cell polarity factor Cdc42 in the same neuron was essential for proper development of a single axon and several functional dendrites.

Surviving axons may compensate for the damage by increasing electrical signaling and thus restoring the normal speed of information processing in the brain.

The 2 - millimeter organoids survived for at least two months, Chen said in an interview, and showed «extensive» growth of human axons into the rat brain.

Rossoll and his colleagues showed that the SMN protein is acting like a «matchmaker» for messenger RNA that needs partners to transport it into the cell axon.

And RNA must be transported to the end of the axons for motor neurons to survive and keep us moving, eating and breathing.

For example, a deep layer 5 pyramidal neuron might snake its gossamer - thin output wire, the axon, to a subcortical target area while also extending a connection to an inhibitory local neuron.

For efficient signaling, the axon tips must be properly spaced.

But for mice in which the whole gene cluster was deleted, serotonin axons don't keep their distance from each other.

So, for example, the signal that tells the axon to turn — which should disappear after the turn is made — remains active, interfering with new signals meant to guide the axon in other directions.

For instance, axons lose their way from the mouse's nose to the brain.

In a new study, NAIST scientists, in collaboration with researchers at the Osaka National Hospital and University of Tokyo, report that the L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule (L1 - CAM) is crucial for directed axon migration.

For this, electrical signals fire between neurons connected by «axons» — thread - like extensions of their outer surfaces which can be viewed as the «wire» in the electric circuit.

When they tracked the cells» axons from the eye into the brain, they saw that many of them terminated in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), the first relay station in the brain for visual information.

Instead, supportive cells called oligodendrocytes are responsible for making the myelin sheath that wraps around axons.

For a damaged nerve to regain function, its long, signal - transmitting extensions known as axons need to grow and establish new connections to other cells.

The method demonstrates that injured axons can be preserved for at least 10 times longer when their communication with neighbors is blocked.

Axons, the long projections of neural cells which form the nerves of our peripheral nervous system, are like electrical cables: they have thick electrical insulation so that they can quickly relay stimuli from the body and signals from the brain to a toe, for example.

«A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in axon guidance will offer new possibilities for developing techniques to treat lesions resulting from spinal cord injuries, and possibly even neurodegenerative diseases.»

The alpha - beta neurons must form functional axons for optimum functioning.

In mice heterozygous for tau - lacZ targeted to the melanopsin gene locus, β - galactosidase — positive RGC axons projected to the SCN and other brain nuclei involved in circadian photoentrainment or the pupillary light reflex.

Importantly, they observed a significant disruption of the assembly of the axon initial segment (AIS), a subcellular structure in the proximal part of the axon important for clustering of ion channels, and thus, for neurons to fire action potentials.

Today a rising star in neuroscience at the University of Chicago, Zou made a name for himself by being the first to discover the molecular signals that guide axons longitudinally along the spinal cord, toward or away from the brain.

For their analyses, the scientists specifically colored the places of origin of axons of so - called pyramidal cells in the hippocampus.

«They play an important role in the excitation of nerve cell axons and signal transfer between various cells,» says Prof. Dr. Heinz Beck, who conducts research in experimental epileptology at the Department of Epileptology, at the Life & Brain center and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE).

But perhaps more significant, Ind - Cl remyelinates, that is, it makes new sheaths around those axons that have not been lost for good.

They found that when Axed function was blocked, injured axons not only maintained their integrity but remained capable of transmitting signals within the brain's complex circuitry for weeks.

By this time though, the axons responsible for these motor functions have been massively affected.

Infection happens in peripheral tissues, then the virus particles enter axons and zoom into the distant cell nucleus, where the viral genetic information can become latent, sleeping for days or even years.

«3 - D axon assemblies pave the way for drug discovery: Scientists report a new microdevice that prepares axon fascicles in the lab like those seen in the brain.»

When neurons are dissociated, which has been the standard approach for studying latency until now, the cell bodies with their axons are jumbled together, making it impossible to mimic the natural route of nervous system invasion via isolated axons.

Studies conducted by Hendry at the Australian National University and by K. Stockel and H. Thoenen at the Basel Institute for Immunology have demonstrated that NGF is taken up at the terminal nerve endings of the sympathetic fibers and transported back to the neuronal cell body along the axon.

Misrouting has been attributed to the absence of the directional cues required for normal RGC axon guidance.

Retinal ganglion cell axons (arrowhead), RPE (arrow), and rod photoreceptors (stained red for XAP2) are donor derived.

During development, these cells migrate with the axons that they will myelinate, and depend on those same axons for appropriate signals to survive and differentiate.

\ n \ nMeanwhile, work in the private sector in collaboration with academic institutions, has produced an IND that is now before the FDA, for a human trial with hESC - derived oligodendrocytes to remyelinate damaged spinal chord axons.

Guidepost neurons for the lateral olfactory tract: Expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 and innervation by glutamatergic olfactory bulb axons.

When the mitochondria potential falls, the mitochondria is moved to the center of the axon and moved back to the cell body for recycling.

Our studies reveal previously - unknown roles for glia in pioneer - axon guidance, and suggest conserved principles of brain formation.