Couples» nighttime sleep efficiency and concordance: Evidence
for bidirectional associations with daytime relationship functioning.
Not exact matches
That is, models holding the
bidirectional longitudinal
associations between depressive symptoms and self - efficacy constant across sex were preferable over those providing separate estimates
for girls and boys.
In summary, the longitudinal
association between parental negativity and behavior problems seems to be
bidirectional and mainly accounted
for by genetic factors.
First, the cross-lagged and
bidirectional associations between self - efficacy and depressive symptoms were examined in one model, thereby controlling
for the stability in depression and self - efficacy over time and the concurrent correlations between the two constructs.
Efforts to fully characterize
bidirectional effects between parent anxiety symptoms and risk
for anxiety problems in early life would further benefit from an understanding of similarities and differences across mother — infant and father — infant
associations.
These questions can be divided into three categories: (1) questions about cross-sectional specificity, (2) questions about longitudinal specificity, and (3) more complex questions about developmental specificity, which involve questions about
bidirectional associations and possible mechanisms
for the aggravation of difficulties.
These results are summarized and discussed below in terms of the three categories of questions that were posed in the introduction: (1) questions about cross-sectional specificity, (2) questions about longitudinal specificity, and (3) more complex questions about
bidirectional associations and possible mechanisms
for the aggravation of difficulties.
If the existence of such prospective
bidirectional associations can be demonstrated, this represents evidence of potentially important mechanisms
for the aggravation of existing problems, in the form of dynamic systems with feedback processes that lead to the emergence and stabilization of pathological patterns.
If such
bidirectional associations can be documented, this may take us an important step towards delineating mechanisms
for the development and aggravation of psychological difficulties.
Interestingly, attention problems in toddlerhood also predicted sleep problems in adolescence after controlling
for toddlerhood sleep problems (Gregory and O'Connor 2002), suggesting a
bidirectional association between sleep problems and inattention in youth.