Sentences with phrase «for cohort studies»

Adolescence is characterized by major biological, psychological and social challenges and opportunities, where interaction between the individual and environment is intense, and developmental pathways are set in motion or become established.2 — 4 Furthermore, adolescent psychopathology can have important consequences for education, relationships and socioeconomic achievement in later life.5 — 7 These characteristics of adolescence do not only set high demands for cohort studies aiming to capture the most salient aspects of developmental pathways, they also ensure a great gain in empirical knowledge and an invaluable source of information for public health policy from such studies.

For reporting of observational studies in epidemiology Checklist for cohort, case - control, and cross-sectional studies (combined) Checklist for cohort studies Checklist for case - control studies Checklist for cross-sectional studies

Further design details for the cohort study, including the eligibility criteria, sample size calculations, derivation of risk status, outcome measures, and ethical procedures, are reported elsewhere.13

NIH also announced a plan to work with federally funded community health centers to find cohort volunteers from underserved groups; an ethics review board for the cohort study; and a pilot project to work with companies on apps for allowing people to share their data for research.

The Path Least Taken shows that, for the cohort studied, 79 percent of high school graduates had enrolled in college by age 20.

Not exact matches

(In our study, only one company was able to keep churn even close to this low rate; the average churn rate for the entire cohort was 2.7 %).

OTTAWA — The value of retirement assets of those aged 55 to 64 without an employer pension - representing about half in this age cohort in Canada - is wholly inadequate, with a median value of only $ 250 for those earning between $ 25,000 and $ 50,000 and $ 21,000 for those with incomes in the $ 50,000 and $ 100,000 range, a new study has found.

Murray draws on those studies, but in Coming Apart, Fishtown, like Belmont, is shorthand for a statistical cohort: people with blue - collar or low - level office jobs and no academic degree more advanced than a high - school diploma.

Meta - analyses of cohort studies for the association between dairy and milk intake in relation to mortality11 and fractures12 13 have displayed no clear pattern of risk, and evidence from randomised trials are lacking.

British Cohort Study interviewer instructions for sweep 2 in 1975 (cohort child at five years) state that «if the [birth] father is divorced, separated or has «deserted» the mother, he is not considered as a «father figure» even if visiting the child daily» (see page 68 of our full reCohort Study interviewer instructions for sweep 2 in 1975 (cohort child at five years) state that «if the [birth] father is divorced, separated or has «deserted» the mother, he is not considered as a «father figure» even if visiting the child daily» (see page 68 of our full recohort child at five years) state that «if the [birth] father is divorced, separated or has «deserted» the mother, he is not considered as a «father figure» even if visiting the child daily» (see page 68 of our full report)!

The Long - term Effects of Breastfeeding on Child and Adolescent Mental Health: A Pregnancy Cohort Study Followed for 14 Years.

Breast - feeding problems afterepidural analgesia for labour: a retrospective cohort study of pain, obstetrical procedure

Most studies of homebirth in other countries have found no statistically significant differences in perinatal outcomes between home and hospital births for women at low risk of complications.36, 37,39 However, a recent study in the United States showed poorer neonatal outcomes for births occurring at home or in birth centres.40 A meta - analysis in the same year demonstrated higher perinatal mortality associated with homebirth41 but has been strongly criticised on methodological grounds.5, 42 The Birthplace in England study, 43 the largest prospective cohort study on place of birth for women at low risk of complications, analysed a composite outcome, which included stillbirth and early neonatal death among other serious morbidity.

A randomised controlled trial would be the best way to tackle selection bias of mothers who plan a home birth, but a randomised controlled trial in North America is unfeasible given that even in Britain, where home birth has been an incorporated part of the healthcare system for some time, and where cooperation is more feasible, a pilot study failed.31 Prospective cohort studies remain the most comprehensive instruments available.

Future birth cohort studies should control for the effects of mode of delivery when investigating environmental modifiers of food allergy.»

The Long - Term Effects of Breastfeeding on Child and Adolescent Mental Health: A Pregnancy Cohort Study Followed for 14 Years.

Breastfeeding and hospitalization for diarrheal and respiratory infection in the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study

P. Volmanen et al., «Breast - Feeding Problems After Epidural Analgesia for Labour: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Pain, Obstetrical Procedures and Breast - Feeding Practices,» Int J Obstet Anesth 13, no. 1 (2004): 25 — 29.

Respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections are the leading cause of morbidity in children.1, 2 Prospective cohort studies in industrialized countries revealed a prevalence of 3.4 % to 32.1 % for respiratory tract infectious diseases and 1.2 % to 26.3 % for gastrointestinal infectious diseases in infancy.3, — , 8 The risks of these infectious diseases are affected by several factors including birth weight, gestational age, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, number of siblings, day care attendance, and parental smoking.3, 5,6,8, — , 20

The strength of this study is its prospective population - based cohort design with a large number of subjects and the possibility to adjust for all major confounders.

The study started as an RCT in 2006, but was changed into a prospective cohort study in 2007 because it was impossible to find women who would agree to be randomized for place of birth [12].

We performed a population - based, retrospective cohort study of all births that occurred in Oregon during 2012 and 2013 using data from newly revised Oregon birth certificates that allowed for the disaggregation of hospital births into the categories of planned in - hospital births and planned out - of - hospital births that took place in the hospital after a woman's intrapartum transfer to the hospital.

The cohort has a high representation of women from disadvantaged and lower socioeconomic groups, who are of particular interest in the targeting of breastfeeding interventions.29, 30 We can not exclude residual confounding by factors that we were not able to account for within this observational study.

The other study, led by Kate Grimshaw, CFNP, of the University of Southampton in the U.K., analyzed data from a cohort of 1,170 women recruited during pregnancy and followed, along with their infants, for two years after birth.

Weighting accounted for each unit's duration of participation in the study and took into account the clustered nature of the data within the cohort study.

Individual data collection forms, designed as part of the cohort study, documented duration of labour, mode of delivery, some forms of pain relief, active management of the third stage of labour, whether an episiotomy was performed, clinical complications, length of stay for both mother and baby by type of ward and level of care, and transfers by duration and mode.

Previous attempts to evaluate the Baby Friendly Initiative within an observational study design have often been limited by small sample size or reliance upon ecological measures of confounding factors.16, 17 The advantage of the Millennium Cohort Study is the availability of individual - level social and demographic information, as well as the circumstances of pregnancy and delivery, allowing adjustment for factors that in other studies may be associated with both policy intervention and infant feeding practices, via area or individual population differestudy design have often been limited by small sample size or reliance upon ecological measures of confounding factors.16, 17 The advantage of the Millennium Cohort Study is the availability of individual - level social and demographic information, as well as the circumstances of pregnancy and delivery, allowing adjustment for factors that in other studies may be associated with both policy intervention and infant feeding practices, via area or individual population differeStudy is the availability of individual - level social and demographic information, as well as the circumstances of pregnancy and delivery, allowing adjustment for factors that in other studies may be associated with both policy intervention and infant feeding practices, via area or individual population differences.

The purpose of our study was to determine whether breastfeeding rates in the UK were higher among mothers delivering in Baby Friendly accredited maternity units, using data from the Millennium Cohort Study.18 Specifically we assessed breastfeeding initiation and the prevalence of any breastfeeding at 1 month after adjustment for maternal factors known to influence a mother's decision to breaststudy was to determine whether breastfeeding rates in the UK were higher among mothers delivering in Baby Friendly accredited maternity units, using data from the Millennium Cohort Study.18 Specifically we assessed breastfeeding initiation and the prevalence of any breastfeeding at 1 month after adjustment for maternal factors known to influence a mother's decision to breastStudy.18 Specifically we assessed breastfeeding initiation and the prevalence of any breastfeeding at 1 month after adjustment for maternal factors known to influence a mother's decision to breastfeed.

Other strengths of the underpinning cohort study include high participation by midwifery units and trusts in England; the minimisation of selection bias through achievement of a high response rate and absence of self selection bias because of non-consent; and the ability to compare groups that were similar in terms of identified clinical risk.12 The economic evaluation was conducted according to nationally agreed design and reporting guidelines.15 26 Collection of primary unit cost data was thorough and accounted for regional differences in care patterns.

Members of the Millennium Cohort Study Child Health Group: Helen Bedford, Neville Butler, Tim Cole, Catherine Peckham, Lamiya Samad and Suzanne Walton, all at Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.

We would like to thank all the Millennium Cohort Study families for their cooperation, and Professor Heather Joshi and the Millennium Cohort Study team at the Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, University of London.

For reasons explained in the cohort study report, obstetric units contained more women in whom complicating conditions were an unexpected observation, which suggests that the risk profile of low risk women varied between the settings.

Potential subjects for the breastfeeding study were selected from an existing prospective cohort of fluoxetine - exposed pregnant women who previously had been enrolled in the California Teratogen Information Service (CTIS) pregnancy outcome study.

In Pelotas, he coordinates the International Center for Equity in Health, where he carries out cohort studies as well as global reviews of levels and trends of inequalities in maternal and child health.

When logistic models were stratified by the presence or absence of hypertensive disease, only maternal age older than 34 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.4; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.0 - 2.0), pregnancy - associated plasma protein - A of the 95th percentile or less (OR, 1.9; 95 % CI, 1.2 - 3.1), and alpha fetoprotein of the 95th percentile or greater (OR, 2.3; 95 % CI, 1.4 - 3.8) remained statistically significantly associated for abruption.In this large, population - based cohort study, abnormal maternal aneuploidy serum analyte levels were associated with placental abruption, regardless of the presence of hypertensive disease.

Graphically presented data from a cohort study in Bangladesh showed similar weight and length gains in infants exclusively breastfed with supplements beginning at six to 11 months compared with those exclusively breastfed for 12 months and supplemented between 12 and 15 months.

«For this large cohort of women who planned midwife - led home births in the United States, outcomes are congruent with the best available data from population - based, observational studies that evaluated outcomes by intended place of birth and perinatal risk factors.

In the community cohort component of the main diarrhoeal disease study, the incidence rate for this definition of diarrhoeal disease was 3.5 and 3.2 per 100 person - years in infant boys and girls respectively.

Therefore, future birth cohort studies examining the incidence of atopic disease need to directly compare infants fed hydrolyzed (including both partially and extensively hydrolyzed formulas) and nonhydrolyzed formulas to exclusively breast - fed infants for a prolonged period.

Studies also suggest a potential role for selected probiotics in atopic dermatitis prevention, and future studies will need to standardize the probiotic strain as well as amount used in a larger cohort of pregnant women in order to better assess these eStudies also suggest a potential role for selected probiotics in atopic dermatitis prevention, and future studies will need to standardize the probiotic strain as well as amount used in a larger cohort of pregnant women in order to better assess these estudies will need to standardize the probiotic strain as well as amount used in a larger cohort of pregnant women in order to better assess these effects.

[21] Quigley MA, Kelly YJ, Sacker A. Breastfeeding and hospitalization for diarrheal and respiratory infection in the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study.

The initiative was introduced to the United Kingdom in 1993, but, although improvements have been reported, 3 rates of breast feeding in the UK are still among the lowest in the world.4 5 Recent reports from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) urge NHS units to become baby friendly to improve rates of breast feeding and save money.4 6 Data from the millennium cohort study, however, show that though participating maternity units in the UK increased rates of initiation of breastfeeding, duration did not increase.5 Other strategies are therefore required to support mothers in the UK to breast feed for the recommended time.

A randomised trial in Brazil that compared a hospital based protocol (similar to the baby friendly hospital initiative) with another incorporating intensive home visits, however, found that while the protocol achieved high rates of exclusive breast feeding in hospital, the rates fell rapidly thereafter.27 These findings were confirmed in the UK by the millennium cohort study, 5 and the authors recommended that the baby friendly hospital initiative as a strategy for promotion of breast feeding should be reassessed and that other strategies are required to support mothers in the UK to breast feed for the recommended duration.5 27 Although combined antenatal education and postnatal support is ideal, this may be limited by economic or time resources.

The Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort Study has been previously shown to represent the general Western Australian population.16 Mothers were enrolled in the study in mid-pregnancy (before any fetal outcomes were known), leaving little scope for selection Study has been previously shown to represent the general Western Australian population.16 Mothers were enrolled in the study in mid-pregnancy (before any fetal outcomes were known), leaving little scope for selection study in mid-pregnancy (before any fetal outcomes were known), leaving little scope for selection bias.

A prospective cohort study found the SIDS rate to be significantly increased for infants exposed in utero to methadone (OR: 3.6 [95 % CI: 2.5 — 5.1]-RRB-, heroin (OR: 2.3 [95 % CI: 1.3 — 4.0]-RRB-, methadone and heroin (OR: 3.2 [95 % CI: 1.2 — 8.6]-RRB-, and cocaine (OR: 1.6 [95 % CI: 1.2 — 2.2]-RRB-, even after controlling for race / ethnicity, maternal age, parity, birth weight, year of birth, and maternal smoking.229 In addition, a meta - analysis of studies that investigated an association between in utero cocaine exposure and SIDS found an increased risk of SIDS to be associated with prenatal exposure to cocaine and illicit drugs in general.230

Our study included 951 of 984 infants (96.6 %) delivered to mothers enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study from February 2011 to October 2014 who consented for the follow - up compostudy included 951 of 984 infants (96.6 %) delivered to mothers enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study from February 2011 to October 2014 who consented for the follow - up compoStudy from February 2011 to October 2014 who consented for the follow - up component.

Kinlay JR, O'Connell DL, Kinlay S. Risk factors for mastitis in breastfeeding women: results of a prospective cohort study.

Home birth as safe as in hospital for low risk women, study shows BMJ 2009 Home birth is as safe as hospital birth for women at low risk, according to the results of a Dutch cohort study of 529688 women.

The study, which looked at data for more than 25,000 women participating in the Danish National Birth Cohort, measured how long women breastfed and also how intensely.

We recruited women receiving prenatal care through the University of California Davis Medical Center (UCDMC) for this longitudinal cohort study.