Sentences with phrase «for contribution to sea level rise»

If the glacial melt water contribution to sea level is overestimated, then, the unaccounted - for contribution to sea level rise becomes much larger than initially thought.

«It is appropriate that people are now looking to the courts, instead of legislators, to help hold fossil fuel companies accountable for their contributions to sea level rise and other climate impacts.»

«It is appropriate that people are now looking to the courts, instead of legislators, to help hold fossil fuel companies accountable for their contributions to sea level rise and other climate impacts,» Kimmell told the East Bay Times.

Not exact matches

Bed topography data are vital for computer models used to project future changes to ice sheets and their contribution to sea level rise.

Marine Biologist Tom Iliffe, also from Texas A&M University at Galveston, said: «Providing a model for the basic function of this globally - distributed ecosystem is an important contribution to coastal groundwater ecology and establishes a baseline for evaluating how sea level rise, seaside touristic development and other stressors will impact the viability of these lightless, food - poor systems.»

The reason it's valuable is that for all the recent discussion of fast dynamic contributions to sea level rise, no one has looked at the glacier dynamics that would be required to accomplish it.

If a negative surface mass balance were sustained for millennia, that would lead to virtually complete elimination of the Greenland ice sheet and a resulting contribution to sea level rise of about 7 m.

The review of Sheperd and Wingham 2007 gives a best estimate of 0,35 mm / yr for present contribution of Greenland + Antarctica to sea level rise.

For example, if this contribution were to grow linearly with global average temperature change, the upper ranges of sea level rise for SRES scenarios shown in Table SPM - 3 would increase by 0.1 m to 0.2 m. Larger values can not be excluded, but understanding of these effects is too limited to assess their likelihood or provide a best estimate or an upper bound for sea level riFor example, if this contribution were to grow linearly with global average temperature change, the upper ranges of sea level rise for SRES scenarios shown in Table SPM - 3 would increase by 0.1 m to 0.2 m. Larger values can not be excluded, but understanding of these effects is too limited to assess their likelihood or provide a best estimate or an upper bound for sea level rifor SRES scenarios shown in Table SPM - 3 would increase by 0.1 m to 0.2 m. Larger values can not be excluded, but understanding of these effects is too limited to assess their likelihood or provide a best estimate or an upper bound for sea level rifor sea level rise.

However, for the recent period 1993 to 2003, the small discrepancy between observed sea level rise and the sum of known contributions might be due to unquantified human - induced processes (e.g., groundwater extraction, impoundment in reservoirs, wetland drainage and deforestation).

For observed 20th - century sea level rise, based on tide gauge records, Church et al. (2001) adopted as a best estimate a value in the range of 1 to 2 mm yr — 1, which was more than twice as large as the TAR's estimate of climate - related contributions.

Recent work has suggested that rapid retreat is already underway for sections of the West Antarctic ice sheet, raising the possibility of increasing contributions to sea - level rise.

For the 1961 - 2003 period they clearly note: «For the period 1961 to 2003, the sum of climate contributions is estimated to be smaller than the observed sea level rise.»

The main reason for assessing it at all is to inform inverse modelling methods — determining climatic sea level rise contribution by removing non-climatic contributors.

And, although freshwater discharge from deep aquifers may be locally insignificant relative to river runoff, deep aquifer discharge when integrated across the globe could account for the missing contribution to the sea level rise budgets.

Hansen refers to them in this way «They identified eight episodes of large iceberg flux, with the largest flux occurring ∼ 14 600 years ago, providing evidence of an Antarctic contribution to Meltwater Pulse 1A, when sea level rose an average of 3 — 5 m century − 1 for a few centuries (Fairbanks, 1989).»

Looking at these glacial flows individual contributions to overall mean sea level rise (MSLR) and talking in terms of decades to centuries for their collapse makes the problem seem very far off in human terms.

«Once ice loss through the calving of icebergs goes beyond the passive shelf ice and cuts into the safety band, ice flow towards the ocean will accelerate, which might well entail an elevated contribution to sea - level rise for decades and centuries to come.»

Their results yielded two surprises: The melt rate for glaciers and ice caps outside Antarctica and Greenland made a smaller contribution to sea - level rise than had been estimated, and the melt rate in the Asian mountains, including the Himalayas, was dramatically lower: 4 billion tons annually versus up to 50 billion.

Recent research shows that the Antarctic contribution to sea level rise is close to zero for up to 1.5 degrees Celsius warming, then jumps to at least 2 metres once we pass approximately 2 degrees Celsius.

Source: press release for Myers et al., 2015 Sea Levels 2 - 4 m Higher Until ~ 5,000 Years Ago Imply Surface Temps Were At Least 5 °C Warmer According to the accepted (IPCC) formula for calculating the contribution of ocean warming (thermal expansion) to sea level rise upon reaching equilibrium, every additional degrees Celsius of surface warmth yields -LSB-.Sea Levels 2 - 4 m Higher Until ~ 5,000 Years Ago Imply Surface Temps Were At Least 5 °C Warmer According to the accepted (IPCC) formula for calculating the contribution of ocean warming (thermal expansion) to sea level rise upon reaching equilibrium, every additional degrees Celsius of surface warmth yields -LSB-.sea level rise upon reaching equilibrium, every additional degrees Celsius of surface warmth yields -LSB-...]

«A semi-empirical approach to projecting future sea - level rise» «Testing the robustness of semi-empirical sea level projections» «Kinematic constraints on glacier contributions to 21st - century sea - level rise» «Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea level rise» «Global sea level rise scenarios for the United States National Climate Assessment» «Reconstructing sea level from paleo and projected temperatures 200 to 2100AD» «Global sea level linked to global temperature» «Upper limit for sea level projections by 2100»

In fact, he said, ice flows from that glacier alone account for a quarter to a third of Antarctica's total contribution to sea level rise.

What was the causal mechanism for the explosive glacier melt contribution to sea level rise during the 1920 - 1950 period, when anthropogenic CO2 emissions were flat and low?

C: increase in atmospheric CO2 from pre-industrial to present is anthropogenic (D / A) S: best guess for likely climate sensitivity (NUM) s: 2 - sigma range of S (NUM) a: ocean acidification will be a problem (D / A) L: expected sea level rise by 2100 in cm (all contributions)(NUM) B: climate change will be beneficial (D / A) R: CO2 emissions need to be reduced drastically by 2050 (D / A) T: technical advances will take care of any problems (D / A) r: the 20th century global temperature record is reliable (D / A) H: over the last 1000 years global temperature was hockey stick shaped (D / A) D: data has been intentionally distorted by scientist to support the idea of anthropogenic climate change (D / A) g: the CRU - mails are important for the science (D / A) G: the CRU - mails are important otherwise (D / A)

The glaciers of West Antarctica are already responsible for the majority of the Antarctic continent's contribution to global sea level rise, and if these glaciers were to completely collapse, sea levels could rise by at least four feet, potentially inundating coastal cities around the world.

The news comes as U.S. and U.K. scientists are in the process of teaming up for an ambitious joint research mission focusing on the processes shaping Thwaites and its potential contributions to sea - level rise.

PIG already makes the largest contribution to sea - level rise of any single Antarctic glacier and the fact that its bed increases in depth upstream for more than 200 km means there is the possibility of runway retreat that would result in an even bigger contribution to sea level.»

The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)'s worst projections for Greenland's contribution to sea level rise top out at 68 centimeters (27 inches) by the year 2100.

And more recent estimates of the Antarctic mass balance contribution to sea level rise has the East Antarctica ice sheet gaining mass at a more accelerated pace for 2003 - 2013 than the mere +14 Gt per year identified by Shepherd et al. (2012) for 1992 - 2011.

Effectively, this would reduce the Antarctic contribution to sea level rise to close to zero for recent decades.

There is medium confidence that at least partial deglaciation of the Greenland ice sheet, and possibly the West Antarctic ice sheet, would occur over a period of time ranging from centuries to millennia for a global average temperature increase of 1 - 4 °C (relative to 1990 - 2000), causing a contribution to sea - level rise of 4 - 6 m or more.

For example, the melting of the Greenland ice sheet broke previous records in 2002, 2005, and 2007, and seasonal melting from 1996 to 2007 was above average compared with the 1973 - 2007 period.10, 11 The melting of the Greenland ice sheet contributed around 0.02 inch (0.6 millimeter) to global sea - level rise in 2005 — more than double the 1996 contribution.4 From 1993 to 2003 the average rate of sea - level rise increased to about 0.12 inches (3.1 millimeters) per year.12 That means that in 2005 Greenland could have contributed 19 percent of the average annual global sea level rise rate.

Hay et al. (2015) argue that rates of sea level rise between 1.0 and 1.4 mm yr - 1 close the sea - level budget for 1901 — 1990 as estimated in AR5, without appealing to an underestimation of individual contributions from ocean thermal expansion, glacier melting, or ice sheet mass balance.

The scientists used satellite monitoring to determine the contribution of all land - based ice (except for Greenland and Antarctica's huge ice sheets) to rising sea levels and found that the volume of ice melting into the sea each year from ice caps and glaciers was 100 cubic miles (or 417 cubic km).

«Given the large variability in discharge and SMB observed within the past decade and the potential for unaccounted positive feedback within the ice - climate system, however, the contribution of GrIS discharge to future sea level rise remains highly uncertain.»

The greater spread between RCPs indicated a greater role for emissions in ice sheet contribution to sea level rise (Kopp et al. 2017).

The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report contained significant uncertainty in its projections for glacier contributions to sea level rise over the course of the 21st century.

According to the report, «Contraction of the Greenland ice sheet is projected to continue to contribute to sea level rise after 2100,» and» [i] f a negative surface mass balance were sustained for millennia, that would lead to virtually complete elimination of the Greenland ice sheet and a resulting contribution to sea level rise of about 7 m,» which is equivalent to approximately 23 feet.

The glaciers of West Antarctica are already responsible for the majority of the Antarctic continent's contribution to global sea level rise.

If this rate were maintained, the ice sheets would make a measurable but minor contribution to the global sea level rise from other sources, which has been 1 - 2 mm / yr averaged over the past century and 3mm / yr for 1993 - 2003, and is projected to average 1 - 9 mm / yr for the coming century (see IPCC Third Assessment Report).

When we went down the first time, we had some funding from Starbucks for working on climate change, and I said to them, «Look, given the element of both sea level rise and contribution to the hurricane, we're going to use some of these funds to travel there with confidence.»

However, mass balance observations are needed for estimating the contribution of glacier melt to sea level rise, so are discussed further in Chapter 11.