Hawkins called
for desegregation of the school district and consolidation with neighboring suburban school districts.
In the highly successful movie «The Great Debaters,» starring Denzel Washington, a student was defending her argument
for the desegregation of schools.
After the 1954 Supreme Court decision, Brown v. Board of Education, called
for the desegregation of schools in the United States, districts worked to begin integration, but many areas, like Little Rock, Arkansas, remained resistant.
Not exact matches
The
school desegregation story illustrates the general principle that to the degree that control
of education is not exercised with a sense
of responsibility
for justice, Federal control will be introduced.
I'm only just starting this one, but I can already see that it's more social - history - driven than Free
for All, including some fascinating insights on how such seemingly far - flung issues as race,
desegregation and gender have played into the development
of the current
school lunch program.
Hawkins» platform includes tax reform that would create a city income tax, anti-poverty initiatives, state - supported worker co-ops
for poor and working - class people, public ownership
of utilities and
desegregation of schools and housing.
He's also in favor
of free tuition to CUNY colleges
for low - and middle - income students, smaller class sizes in the city's public
schools, and
desegregation of the
school system, which he noted is the «third most segregated in the nation.»
His father, who had studied chemistry but switched to law after World War II, helped draft guidelines
for school desegregation in the 1960s that were adopted by the federal government in its enforcement
of the Civil Rights Act
of 1964.
Although some research finds that such benefits exist, the available data have not permitted researchers to confirm the causal effects
of desegregation on nonacademic benefits
for the same reasons that it is difficult to produce convincing findings on academic benefits: the nonrandom sorting
of students among
school environments and the real possibility that forced busing may produce effects very different from those
of living in a racially or socioeconomically mixed community.
The study, «Resegregation and Equity in Oklahoma City,» authored by Jennifer Jellison
of the Harvard Project on
School Desegregation, examined the assumptions underlying the Supreme Court's 1991 Oklahoma City - based Dowell decision, a landmark decision that for the first time sanctioned a return to segregated schooling by stating that districts may be released from a desegregation order if they had met certai
Desegregation, examined the assumptions underlying the Supreme Court's 1991 Oklahoma City - based Dowell decision, a landmark decision that
for the first time sanctioned a return to segregated
schooling by stating that districts may be released from a
desegregation order if they had met certai
desegregation order if they had met certain conditions.
The U.S. Court
of Appeals
for the Seventh Circuit, acting in a case that has been closely monitored across the nation, has upheld a federal district judge's order freezing $ 47.5 - million in Education Department funds pending the Reagan Administration's payment
of desegregation aid to Chicago's
schools.
And in another case that has gained widespread attention, the U.S. Court
of Appeals
for the Eighth Circuit last week refused to delay implementation
of a voluntary student -
desegregation plan involving public
schools in St. Louis and its suburbs.
In the focus groups we ran, people often discussed the downsides
of desegregation — the biggest
of which is lack
of belongingness, especially
for students
of color who, in many desegregated
schools, do not get welcomed in the same way, or get access to the same experience as white students.
The study, «Resegregation and Equity in Oklahoma City,» authored by Jennifer Jellison
of the Harvard Project on
School Desegregation, examined the assumptions underlying the Supreme Court's 1991 Oklahoma City - based Dowell decision, a landmark decision that
for the first time...
The findings set the stage
for furthering
desegregation efforts — in particular, court - ordered busing
of students in an attempt to increase the diversity
of city
schools.
Like a growing number
of other
school districts, Denver is coming to terms with the end
of a court
desegregation order that
for years profoundly influenced, and often dictated, many
of the decisions about education policy made there.
But in recent weeks, settlements in cases involving Bakersfield, Calif., and the Ohio cities
of Lima and Cincinnati have once again directed attention to these specialty
schools as they were originally conceived — as tools
for desegregation.
Kansas City
schools were already predominantly minority, and the Supreme Court had ruled in the Detroit case that surrounding
school districts not found guilty
of segregation could not be pulled into a case to provide more white students
for desegregation.
It was notorious
for many reasons: First, the court ordered enormous state and city expenditures, intending to attract white schoolchildren from the suburbs to the Kansas City
schools so as to provide the minimum number
of white children that proponents
of desegregation considered necessary
for a desegregated or «unitary»
school.
«My intense desire to see my
school excel comes not only from an unwavering belief that all students deserve an excellent education, but also the unique role Sousa played in the civil rights movement,» said Kamras referring to a challenge to segregation at Sousa that culminated in Bolling v. Sharpe, the 1954 Supreme Court case that paved the way
for the
desegregation of all DC public
schools.
But in a new article
for Education Next, «
Desegregation Since the Coleman Report: Racial composition
of schools and student learning,» Steven Rivkin
of the University
of Illinois at Chicago identifies a key trend masquerading as resegregation: the decreasing enrollment share
of white students due to the increasing ethnic diversity
of public
schools.
As the potential
for desegregation efforts is determined by the distribution
of students among districts, I report the index
for districts as well as
for schools.
By controlling
for a wide variety
of other characteristics, including the students» own prior performance, our analysis is able to estimate the likely effect
of desegregation within the
school.
For an embargoed copy
of «
Desegregation Since the Coleman Report: Racial composition
of schools and student learning» or to speak to the author, contact Jackie Kerstetter at
[email protected].
Yet Coleman also noted that the composition
of a student's peer group was more important
for learning than any other
school - related factor, a finding used by the Johnson and Nixon administrations to reinforce their strenuous
desegregation efforts in southern states.
Strong chapters on
school desegregation, bilingual education, education
for the disabled, and
school finance all support Davies's argument that «in the 1970s, reform often emanated from... within the federal bureaucracy, from the lower federal courts, and through the energetic efforts
of congressional staffers, lobbyists, and public interest law firms.»
In the early 1970s, the federal courts ordered a number
of states to pay
school desegregation costs, but these rulings were limited in number and had little overall effect on state systems
for school funding.
And Brown only required the states to implement
school desegregation «with all deliberate speed,» something less than a clarion call
for immediately rectifying the effects
of racial injustice.
CHICAGO —
Desegregation plans that provide
for the busing
of students between central - city and suburban
schools are more effective in producing lasting integration than more limited types
of plans, a new study released here concludes.
Lawyers
for the state
of Ohio last month asked the U.S. Court
of Appeals
for the Sixth Circuit to overturn a federal district court's ruling that expanded the state's responsibility to fund
school desegregation in Lorain County under the terms
of a consent decree.
The tax increases will underwrite $ 187 million in capital improvements to
schools, $ 35.7 million in pay raises
for teachers, and other elements
of the
desegregation effort.
The Supreme Court's 1954 Brown v. Board
of Education decision, which mandated the
desegregation of public
schools, gave the executive branch a legal precedent
for enforcing equal access to education.
San Diego is one
of only a handful
of California districts still under state court supervision
for school desegregation, said Joe...
A reissued decision in the Topeka, Kan.,
school -
desegregation suit gives a more detailed picture
of a federal appellate panel's deep division over the need
for continued court supervision in the historic case.
Reports
of «reverse white flight» into the Los Angeles
schools following the end
of mandatory busing
for desegregation may be premature and exaggerated, officials say.
After winning a unanimous decision in Brown v. Board
of Education
of Topeka, civil rights advocates spent decades making and re-making the case
for school desegregation.
Washington —
School districts that were once racially segregated by law should remain bound by court
desegregation orders until every wrong caused by the separation
of races is cured, a lawyer
for black schoolchildren in Oklahoma City told the U.S. Supreme Court last week.
Under the new program, however, magnet
schools not only had to aid
desegregation, but also had to focus on improving the quality
of education in order to qualify
for funds.
He characterizes the last 50 years as a crucial period
of transition
for these
schools, which before
desegregation were the only higher education option
for the vast majority
of African Americans.
In 1981 they were folded into the Chapter 2 block - grant program, but explicit federal support
for magnet
schools as desegregation tools resumed in 1985 with the authorization of the Magnet Schools Assistance Program (MSAP), included in the Education for Economic Securi
schools as
desegregation tools resumed in 1985 with the authorization
of the Magnet
Schools Assistance Program (MSAP), included in the Education for Economic Securi
Schools Assistance Program (MSAP), included in the Education
for Economic Security Act.
An inter-district
desegregation lawsuit in St. Louis appeared near resolution last week as a federal district judge agreed to postpone
for seven days a hearing to determine the liability
of eight suburban
school districts
for segregation in the city's
schools.
The superintendent
of the Seattle public
schools has proposed a new
desegregation plan
for the 44,000 - student district that would halve the number
of pupils bused to promote integration.
Denver — The Denver
school board's proposal to end eight years
of mandatory busing, formulated in response to a judge's request
for a «unitary, non-racial» enrollment policy, is not a
desegregation plan,
school officials admitted in federal district court last week.
Ryan, who is also the Charles William Eliot Professor
of Education, is a top scholar on law and education, an authority on
school desegregation and
school choice, and a forceful advocate
for expanding educational opportunities to close the student achievement gap.
For example, Montgomery County, Maryland, a suburb
of Washington, D.C., created magnet
schools as part
of its
school desegregation efforts in the late 1970s.
In a 70 - page opinion, U.S. District Judge Richard P. Matsch released the Denver
schools from 21 years
of federal oversight and upheld a 1974 amendment to the state constitution prohibiting districts not under federal
desegregation orders from busing children
for racial balance.
Through Reimagining Integration, Teitel is calling
for schools to go beyond «
desegregation» — what he calls «body counts»
of students from different backgrounds — to true racial and socioeconomical integration.
Overview
of Lesson Plan: In this two - day lesson plan, students examine the struggle
for desegregation during the Civil Rights Movement and a current study that finds that American
schools are reverting to segregation.
Our analysis
of the Louisiana Scholarship Program reveals that the vouchers used by the subset
of recipients
for whom information is available have supported public -
school desegregation efforts.
The Commissioner is authorized to arrange, through grants or contracts, with institutions
of higher education
for the operation
of short - term or regular session institutes
for special training designed to improve the ability
of teachers, supervisors, counselors, and other elementary or secondary
school personnel to deal effectively with special educational problems occasioned by
desegregation.