The study was funded by the United States Agency for International Development by cooperative agreements with the Bloomberg School of Public Health, the International Centre
for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), and the saving newborn lives program by Save the Children (US) with a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
The four - member panel, chaired by Alejandro Cravioto of the International Center
for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, unambiguously rejects that theory.
Among formula fed infants, the PAF
for diarrhoeal disease associated with not sterilising with chemicals / steam was 12 %.
Stratified matched odds ratios
for diarrhoeal disease and current breast feeding in all infants
Inadequate sterilisation is a risk factor
for diarrhoeal disease among formula fed infants in this setting
Unadjusted matched odds ratios
for diarrhoeal disease and selected risk factors in all infants
Population attributable fractions (PAFs)
for diarrhoeal disease associated with infant feeding variables were estimated as (proportion of cases exposed) × (OR − 1) / OR.13 Survival analysis was used to estimate the prevalence of breast feeding at age 6 months while allowing for censoring, due to some infants being aged under 6 months.
Our results suggest that the cumulative effect of breast feeding, as measured using duration, is less important
for diarrhoeal disease than the time since breast feeding cessation.
Effects of the El Niño and ambient temperature on hospital admissions
for diarrhoeal diseases in Peruvian children.
Not exact matches
88 % of
diarrhoeal deaths worldwide are due to unsafe water, poor sanitation and insufficient hygiene, according to the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention.
Breastfeeding and hence relactation are important
for two reasons: Infant health: research shows that breastfed babies are less likely to suffer from acute respiratory infections,
diarrhoeal diseases, and malnutrition.
The number of infants receiving mixed feeding was too small (table 1) to estimate precisely its effect on
diarrhoeal disease, and
for further analysis they were combined either with exclusive breast milk or with formula.
However, the odds of
diarrhoeal disease increased with the time since breast feeding cessation (pT = 0.002
for linear trend in all infants).
For infants who had been weaned, information was not collected on the types of food they were weaned onto, but data were available on consumption of foods in the 10 days prior to symptoms in cases (interview in controls), but none were significantly associated with
diarrhoeal disease (data not shown).
In the community cohort component of the main
diarrhoeal disease study, the incidence rate
for this definition of
diarrhoeal disease was 3.5 and 3.2 per 100 person - years in infant boys and girls respectively.
Conditional logistic regression was employed to estimate adjusted odds ratios
for infant feeding and method of sterilisation on
diarrhoeal disease, and to assess whether the effect of breast feeding persisted after breast feeding had ceased.
Importantly, we found that in infants currently formula fed, having been breast fed
for at least six months was not associated with less
diarrhoeal disease than having never been breast fed.
Further, in infants currently formula fed, having been breast fed
for at least six months was not associated with less
diarrhoeal disease than having never been breast fed (
for 6 + months versus never breast fed, adjusted OR = 1.14, 95 % CI 0.38 to 3.40, p = 0.81).
Interventions
for the control of
diarrhoeal diseases among young children: promotion of breast - feeding.
Feachem RG, Koblinsky MA 1984, Interventions
for the control of
diarrhoeal diseases among young children: promotion of breast - feeding.
The group agreed that more knowledge is needed about optimal feeding practices in
diarrhoeal disease and recommended the use of locally available foods
for this purpose.
However, the journal is off to an excellent start, has set itself a high standard to maintain, and is a valuable source
for all those interested in research and
for the many concerned with the management of
diarrhoeal diseases.
Several risk factors
for diarrhoea have been identified and have been the focus of specific interventions to reduce
diarrhoeal diseases.
Appropriate use of human and non-human milk
for the dietary management of children with diarrhoea (1991) Brown K, Lake A. Journal of
Diarrhoeal Disease Research.
Interventions
for the control of
diarrhoeal diseases in young children: Promotion of breastfeeding (1984) Feachem R, Koblinsky M. Bulletin of the World Health Organization.