We present the dual systems model of neurological development to highlight adolescence as a critical period of increased risk
for emotion regulation difficulties, corresponding risk behaviors, and psychopathology.
Not exact matches
Indeed, many consider the development of emotional self -
regulation in particular to be one of the key processes in childhood behaviour problems.27, 28,29,30
For example, in characterizing the behaviour of children with early externalizing behaviour problems, there is often reference to a lack of control, under - control, or poor regulation.29, 30 In characterizing the behaviour of children with internalizing disorders, there is often a discussion of over - control.12 Understanding the role of temperament in child development may be facilitated by examining the possible mediational effects of emerging self and emotion regulation, and may provide a more proximal mechanism for the development of different forms of behavioural adjustment difficulties characteristic of childho
For example, in characterizing the behaviour of children with early externalizing behaviour problems, there is often reference to a lack of control, under - control, or poor
regulation.29, 30 In characterizing the behaviour of children with internalizing disorders, there is often a discussion of over - control.12 Understanding the role of temperament in child development may be facilitated by examining the possible mediational effects of emerging self and
emotion regulation, and may provide a more proximal mechanism
for the development of different forms of behavioural adjustment difficulties characteristic of childho
for the development of different forms of behavioural adjustment
difficulties characteristic of childhood.
«Mindfulness training has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment
for a range of psychological problems, such as depressive relapse, anxiety and
emotion -
regulation difficulties.
Specific beliefs about
emotions (Uncontrollable, Irrational, Damaging and Contagious - BAEQ scales) and
difficulties in
emotion regulation (DERS subscales) were positively correlated, except
for the absence of correlation with BAEQ 3 and 4 (Invalid and Useless subscales)(see Table 2 (a)-RRB-.
Means and standard deviations
for the current level of beliefs about
emotions,
difficulties in
emotion -
regulation, and
emotion -
regulation strategies of the sample.
AAI, Adult Attachment Interview; AFFEX, System
for Identifying Affect Expression by Holistic Judgement; AIM, Affect Intensity Measure; AMBIANCE, Atypical Maternal Behaviour Instrument
for Assessment and Classification; ASCT, Attachment Story Completion Task; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BEST, Borderline Evaluation of Severity over Time; BPD, borderline personality disorder; BPVS - II, British Picture Vocabulary Scale II; CASQ, Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire; CBCL, Child Behaviour Checklist; CDAS - R, Children's Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale - Revised; CDEQ, Children's Depressive Experiences Questionnaire; CDIB, Child Diagnostic Interview
for Borderlines; CGAS, Child Global Assessment Schedule; CRSQ, Children's Response Style Questionnaire; CTQ, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; CTQ, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; DASS, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales; DERS,
Difficulties in
Emotion Regulation Scale; DIB - R, Revised Diagnostic Interview
for Borderlines; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; EA, Emotional Availability Scales; ECRS, Experiences in Close Relationships Scale; EMBU, Swedish acronym
for Own Memories Concerning Upbringing; EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; FES, Family Environment Scale; FSS, Family Satisfaction Scale; FTRI, Family Trauma and Resilience Interview; IBQ - R, Infant Behaviour Questionnaire, Revised; IPPA, Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment; K - SADS, Kiddie Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia
for School - Age Children; KSADS - E, Kiddie Schedule
for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia - Episodic Version; MMD, major depressive disorder; PACOTIS, Parental Cognitions and Conduct Toward the Infant Scale; PPQ, Perceived Parenting Quality Questionnaire; PD, personality disorder; PPVT - III, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Third Edition; PSI - SF, Parenting Stress Index Short Form; RSSC, Reassurance - Seeking Scale
for Children; SCID - II, Structured Clinical Interview
for DSM - IV; SCL -90-R, Symptom Checklist 90 Revised; SCQ, Social Communication Questionnaire; SEQ, Children's Self - Esteem Questionnaire; SIDP - IV, Structured Interview
for DSM - IV Personality; SPPA, Self - Perception Profile
for Adolescents; SSAGA, Semi-Structured Assessment
for the Genetics of Alcoholism; TCI, Temperament and Character Inventory; YCS, Youth Chronic Stress Interview; YSR, Youth Self - Report.
The infant clearly can not state whether he or she experiences symptoms such as a «lack of comfort seeking
for distress,» «
emotion regulation difficulties,» or» a willingness to go off with relative strangers,» to name a few.
The criteria
for inhibited RAD were: (a) absence of a discriminated, preferred adult, (b) lack of comfort seeking
for distress, (c) failure to respond to comfort when offered, (d) lack of social and emotional reciprocity, and (f)
emotion regulation difficulties.
Indeed, many consider the development of emotional self -
regulation in particular to be one of the key processes in childhood behaviour problems.27, 28,29,30
For example, in characterizing the behaviour of children with early externalizing behaviour problems, there is often reference to a lack of control, under - control, or poor regulation.29, 30 In characterizing the behaviour of children with internalizing disorders, there is often a discussion of over - control.12 Understanding the role of temperament in child development may be facilitated by examining the possible mediational effects of emerging self and emotion regulation, and may provide a more proximal mechanism for the development of different forms of behavioural adjustment difficulties characteristic of childho
For example, in characterizing the behaviour of children with early externalizing behaviour problems, there is often reference to a lack of control, under - control, or poor
regulation.29, 30 In characterizing the behaviour of children with internalizing disorders, there is often a discussion of over - control.12 Understanding the role of temperament in child development may be facilitated by examining the possible mediational effects of emerging self and
emotion regulation, and may provide a more proximal mechanism
for the development of different forms of behavioural adjustment difficulties characteristic of childho
for the development of different forms of behavioural adjustment
difficulties characteristic of childhood.
Measures included the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ),
Difficulties in
Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the
Emotions as a Child Scales (EAC), the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS), and the Spence Child Anxiety Scale
for Parents (SCAS - P).
Peer relationship
difficulties and peer rejection are common in youngsters with attention - deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mandating focus on assessment issues, underlying reasons
for peer approval and disapproval, links with comorbid aggression, and the mediating role of sociocognitive mechanisms as well as
emotion regulation strategies.
An extensive review of the unique and interactive functions across neurobiological regions is beyond the scope of this brief report, and thus we highlight several specific and robust examples in which
emotion regulation difficulties manifest as neurobiological differences and help explain risk
for comorbid disorders among youths.
These observed differences in neurological activity, consistent with the dual systems model, contribute to increased emotional volatility and
difficulty with
emotion regulation that increases during adolescence, which ultimately manifests as increased risk
for SUDs and comorbid psychopathology (e.g., [29 • •, 36]-RRB-.
The profile of
emotion dysregulation was virtually identical
for the Unipolar Depression and Anxiety groups, with BD demonstrating
emotion regulation difficulties intermediate between controls and the two clinical groups.
A sample of 16 clinically anxious children (age 8 — 12, eight girls / boys) was assessed
for emotion understanding (Test of Emotion Comprehension), anxiety (Screening for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders - Revised and Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule), emotion dysregulation (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale) and attachment security (Security
emotion understanding (Test of
Emotion Comprehension), anxiety (Screening for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders - Revised and Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule), emotion dysregulation (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale) and attachment security (Security
Emotion Comprehension), anxiety (Screening
for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders - Revised and Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule),
emotion dysregulation (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale) and attachment security (Security
emotion dysregulation (
Difficulties in
Emotion Regulation Scale) and attachment security (Security
Emotion Regulation Scale) and attachment security (Security Scale).
Means and standard deviations of
difficulties in
emotion regulation scale (DERS)
for healthy control, bipolar disorder, Unipolar Depression, and Anxiety groups, and results of Welch F statistic.
It is also important to highlight that
emotion regulation difficulties play a role as both a cause and a consequence of drug use, with bidirectional effects showing that poorer
emotion regulation predicts increased drug use, but increased drug use also predicts poorer
emotion regulation [
for reviews, see 28, 38, 50 •, 53 • •].
For the mediator models, sociodemographic risk was associated with impaired
emotion regulation, which in turn was linked with heightened adjustment
difficulties.
Against this background, the aims of the current study were to (a) confirm the six - factor structure of the
Difficulties in
Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23 (4), 253 — 263, 2004) in a sample of adolescent inpatients (N = 218); (b) explore the relation between different aspects of emotion dysregulation and lifetime NSSI while controlling for psychopathology and sex; and (c) assess the clinical utility of the DERS in detecting lifetime NSSI
Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23 (4), 253 — 263, 2004) in a sample of adolescent inpatients (N = 218); (b) explore the relation between different aspects of
emotion dysregulation and lifetime NSSI while controlling for psychopathology and sex; and (c) assess the clinical utility of the DERS in detecting lifetime NSSI
emotion dysregulation and lifetime NSSI while controlling
for psychopathology and sex; and (c) assess the clinical utility of the DERS in detecting lifetime NSSI status.
Given the high rates of emotional
difficulties (Ooi et al. 2011; Totsika et al. 2011), psychopathology (Brereton et al. 2006; Dickerson et al. 2011), and externalizing and internalizing problems (Maskey et al. 2013) in children with ASD, these findings support the need
for interventions targeting the underlying deficits in
emotion regulation abilities (Gross and Thompson 2007; Mazefsky et al. 2013; Rieffe et al. 2011; Weiss 2014).
A sample of 454 mothers completed the
Difficulties in
Emotion Regulation Scale, the
Emotion Regulation Checklist, and the Child Behavior Checklist
for their children aged 3 — 7.
Results provide further support
for the relation between
emotion regulation difficulties and NSSI.
For some youth, the broad externalizing and internalizing
difficulties outlined above may be explained by underlying deficits in
emotion regulation (i.e., the set of processes that control
emotions; Gross and Thompson 2007; Mazefsky et al. 2013; Rieffe et al. 2011; Weiss 2014).