Characterization of in vitro expanded and differentiated endothelial cells (F) shows that these cells are immunopositive
for endothelial cell specific markers CD31, CD144, vWF, UEA1, and eNOS (G - K).
«Specifically, the protein expression responsible
for endothelial cell degeneration and tight junction damage we identified in this study needs to be confirmed through further tests.
A critical discovery in this research was finding that the novel progenitor has a receptor protein on its cell surface called KDR, or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, which until now, was thought to be restricted to endothelial cells that form vessels, the progenitors
for endothelial cells and the progenitors blood cells.
They focused towards this end on the vascular growth factor Angiopoietin - 2, which is produced by endothelial cells and does not just control angiogenesis, but acts as a key responsiveness factor
for endothelial cells.
Under the guidance of Peter Carmeliet, a team consisting of Katrien De Bock, Maria Georgiadou and Sandra Schoors discovered that glycolysis is the most important mechanism
for endothelial cells to supply energy for blood vessel formation.
Not exact matches
AA147 directed the stem
cells to develop primarily into
endothelial cells, which are essential
for blood vessel formation.
So Daniel Anderson at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology exposed human bone marrow stem
cells to biodegradable nanoparticles carrying the human gene
for vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which attracts blood vessels to injury sites.
Common wisdom in this field had held that the
endothelial cells must help immune
cells squeeze through by contracting themselves like small muscles, but the present study found no evidence
for such contraction - based help.
To do that, they deleted the gene
for SIRT1, which encodes the major mammalian sirtuin, in
endothelial cells of mice.
The researchers also found that SIRT1 activity in
endothelial cells is critical
for the beneficial effects of exercise in young mice.
In a previous related study published in the Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, the same team of NTU scientists found that fish scale - derived collagen would induce human umbilical vein
endothelial cells to express 2.5 times more of a specific type of collagen responsible
for blood vessel formation, as compared to
endothelial cells cultured on bovine collagen.
The researchers used the power of gene sequencing and clever computational methods to uncover the «source code»
for human
endothelial cells and learn how that code is disturbed in human disease.
Using nanoparticles designed and screened
for endothelial delivery of short strands of RNA called siRNA, the researchers were able to target RNAi to
endothelial cells, which form the linings of most organs.
Unlike the undifferentiated iPS
cells, though, both the iPS - derived
endothelial cells and the aortic
endothelial cells survived
for at least 63 days after transplantation.
Professor Takao Hamakubo's group at the Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center
for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), have shown that PTX3 forms strong bonds with histones and partially unfolds, leading to a disordered coaggregation of histone and PTX3 and protecting human
endothelial cells from damage.
The study examined nanoparticle entry into
endothelial cells and macrophages
for the in vitro study, and the same type of
cells from the lung, heart and bone marrow
for the in vivo component.
Researchers from Massachusetts Eye and Ear have,
for the first time, identified rapidly proliferating
cells (known as «neural crest - derived progenitor
cells») in the corneal endothelium of specimens from normal corneas and from corneas with Fuchs»
Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD), a condition in which the
cells responsible
for keeping the cornea clear die prematurely — often leading to blindness.
The scientists also found that
endothelial cells themselves give the signal
for their own death: To do this, the vascular wall
cells have a receptor molecule called Death Receptor 6 (DR6) on their surface.
Tackett says this suggests that
endothelial cells may be less responsive in black people, although there are likely to be multiple causes
for the racial difference.
An impermeable shield of
endothelial cells that protects our brains from toxins and other threats that may lurk in circulating blood, the barrier can also exclude therapeutic drugs and, at times, essential biomolecules required
for healthy brain development.
In an effort to overcome these limitations, a team at the Wyss Institute
for Biologically Inspired Engineering led by its Founding Director, Donald Ingber, M.D., Ph.D., had previously engineered a microfluidic «Organ - on - a-Chip» (Organ Chip) culture device in which
cells from a human intestinal
cell line originally isolated from a tumor were cultured in one of two parallel running channels, separated by a porous matrix - coated membrane from human blood vessel - derived
endothelial cells in the adjacent channel.
«ECPR and a factor in the blood called protein C act as a «brake» on blood coagulation and
endothelial cell inflammation and also enhance the viability and integrity of blood vessels, but when the malaria parasites use PfEMP1 to bind EPCR, they may interfere with the normal function of EPCR, and thus the binding can be the catalyst
for the violent reaction,» he explains.
They compared space - flown
endothelial cells to
endothelial cells cultured under normal gravity, looking
for differences in gene expression and / or in the profile of secreted proteins.
These
cells were then grown in the laboratory under special conditions to select
for stem - like
cells called
endothelial progenitor
cells.
Mature blood
cells pass between the bone marrow and the blood stream through blood vessels containing
endothelial cells and extracellular matrix components (ECM) that are important
for healthy blood
cell production.
The
endothelial cells have a receptor
for transferrin that acts like a gatekeeper: When transferrin binds to a receptor on the blood side of the barrier, the
endothelial cell transports it (and its iron cargo) to the other side and spits it out into the brain.
When a new vessel is needed, the
endothelial cells direct the process by allowing the recruitment of blood
cells required
for neovascularization, commonly called angiogenesis.
It took advantage of the brain's own mechanism
for getting a necessary nutrient, iron, across the lining of
endothelial cells that form the blood - brain barrier.
This latter observation adds to the expanding body of evidence indicating that brain microvascular
endothelial cells lack receptors
for chemically modified LDL (27, 28).
Tissue - specific microvascular
endothelial cell lines from H - 2K (b)- tsA58 mice
for studies of angiogenesis and metastasis
Specifically, they were able to determine that Wars2 plays an important role in supplying sufficient
endothelial cells, the building blocks of blood vessels,
for angiogenesis.
The constitutive expression of these
endothelial cell adhesion molecules was very similar
for most of the lines derived from different organs, i.e., very low expression levels of E-selectin and VCAM - 1 and more pronounced expression of ICAM - 1.
Matrigel - containing plates were allowed to incubate at 37 °C
for 30 min and then seeded with
endothelial cells at a density of 4 × 104
cells / well in 10 % DMEM.
This is the first evidence that starvation of
endothelial cells could offer new therapeutic opportunities
for the treatment of excessive angiogenesis in diseases (like cancer).
We have observed on several occasions that,
for the majority of
endothelial cell lines, the transfer to 37 °C conditions
for 72 h correlated with a 50 % reduction in
cell proliferation, a value that continued to decrease with time.
These results suggest that response to inflammatory cytokines by
endothelial cells is not required
for NS1 to cause blood vessel leakage.
To determine inducible
endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression (E-selectin, VCAM - 1, and ICAM - 1), some of the chambers were given medium containing 10 ng / ml TNF - α
for 4 — 6 h (these time points were selected to correlate with the known kinetics of
endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression; Refs.
Endothelial cells need nutrients and energy
for growth and if you take away their energy, you can prevent them from forming new blood vessels.»
However, efforts to examine the in vitro behavior of tumor
cells with
endothelial cells from different anatomical regions have been prohibited because, in large part, of the limited number of organ - derived
endothelial cell lines available
for study.
The ability to up - regulate
endothelial cell adhesion molecules after exposure to cytokines was unaffected by repeated subculturing of
cells, because we noted identical staining patterns
for passage 30
cells (we did attempt to extend this observation to include later passage
cells).
To stain
endothelial cells for adhesion molecules, a peroxidase - conjugated goat antirat IgG F (ab ′) 2 fragment was added
for 45 min at room temperature and then removed by washing with PBS.
For these reasons, many of the examinations between tumor and
endothelial cells have been performed on HUVEC 3 lines.
The resulting
endothelial cell lines described in this study retain their phenotype after repeated passage, require minimal nutritional support and, importantly, may be useful
for identifying factors that regulate
endothelial cell proliferation and tumor
cell adhesion in different anatomical regions.
In B,
endothelial cells from different tissues were seeded at a density of 1 × 105 cells / chamber in two - chamber slides and incubated with 10 mg / ml DiI - Ac - LDL in 10 % DMEM for 4 h. Cells were washed with label - free medium and fixed in 4 % paraformalde
cells from different tissues were seeded at a density of 1 × 105
cells / chamber in two - chamber slides and incubated with 10 mg / ml DiI - Ac - LDL in 10 % DMEM for 4 h. Cells were washed with label - free medium and fixed in 4 % paraformalde
cells / chamber in two - chamber slides and incubated with 10 mg / ml DiI - Ac - LDL in 10 % DMEM
for 4 h.
Cells were washed with label - free medium and fixed in 4 % paraformalde
Cells were washed with label - free medium and fixed in 4 % paraformaldehyde.
Many of the
endothelial cell lines described here have been considered previously inaccessible
for study of tumor angiogenesis, progression, and metastasis.
The onset of tube structure formation could be visualized as early as 4 h after plating
for most
endothelial cell lines, with extensive networks becoming visible within 12 h after plating.
High serum vascular
endothelial growth factor level is an adverse prognostic factor
for high - risk diffuse large B -
cell lymphoma patients treated with dose - dense chemoimmunotherapy.
Once
endothelial cells are removed from a heterogeneous population of
cells, it is often difficult to obtain a sufficient number of
cells for experimental analysis.
Endothelial cells that had undergone two sessions of FACS - based selection were evaluated
for their ability to metabolize fluorescence - labeled acetylated LDL (DiI - Ac - LDL).
The immortalized
endothelial cell lines established from H - 2Kb - tsA58 mice provide,
for the first time, a
cell culture system to examine factors regulating angiogenesis and tumor
cell arrest in different organ systems.