For ethanol from sugar cane produced in Brazil, the net energy gain is about 8 or 9 to 1.
note 76; corn
for ethanol from USDA, Feedgrains Database, op.
The issue is even worse
for ethanol from wheat, which results in a fractional ratio, that is you get less out than you put in.
Gary Schnitkey, Darrel Good, and Paul Ellinger, «Crude Oil Price Variability and Its Impact on Break — Even Corn Prices,» Farm Business Management, 30 May 2007; 2006 grain used
for ethanol from U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Economic Research Service (ERS), Feed Grains Database, at www.ers.usda.gov, updated 28 September 2007; 2006 grain harvest from USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, electronic database at www.fas.usda.gov/psdonline, updated 12 September 2007; 2008 ethanol requirement from Renewable Fuels Association, «Ethanol Biorefinery Locations,» at www.ethanolrfa.org, updated 28 September 2007; 2008 grain harvest from Interagency Agricultural Projections Committee, Agricultural Projections to 2016 (Washington, DC: USDA, February 2007).
Not exact matches
And Brazil, arguably the world leader in making
ethanol from crops, has been turning sugar cane into fuel
for nearly three decades — a process that is 30 % cheaper than corn - based production in the U.S.
(Most gasoline contains 10 %
ethanol, but regulators have approached E-15 (15 %
ethanol)
for use in vehicles manufactured
from 2001 on, and all new car warranties approve the use of E-15.)
The U.S. government wants to help, and on Thursday, announced loan guarantee commitments totaling $ 571 million
for cellulosic
ethanol startup Coskata, waste - to - energy company Enerkem and Diamond Green Diesel, a joint venture
from oil giant Valero and Darling International.
SAO PAULO — Brazil
ethanol producers stand to lose a big chunk of their largest market, Japan, to U.S. agribusiness, after Tokyo bent to pressure
from U.S. President Donald Trump and tweaked requirements
for gasoline additives.
«The uses
for corn in
ethanol production coupled with drought conditions throughout the Midwest growing regions have led to dramatic price increases affecting everything
from prepared foods to animal feed
for our dairy and meat products,» he states.
Almendra manufactures high purity stevia extracts
for the food and beverage industry.Steviose ™ products are made
from stevia leaves and extracted with water and
ethanol - no GMO's, other...
With feed costs and the worldwide demand
for meat growing, livestock producers are increasingly turning to co-products
from the
ethanol and human food industries.
Efforts to capture the CO2
from making
ethanol could help develop the technology
for coal - fired power plants
After a much - quoted warning that «America is addicted to oil» in this year's State of the Union address, President Bush called
for «cutting - edge methods of producing
ethanol, not just
from corn but
from wood chips and stalks or switchgrass.
Other agricultural production goods include timber, fertilizers, animal hides, leather, industrial chemicals (starch, sugar, alcohols and resins), fibers (cotton, wool, hemp, silk and flax), fuels (methane
from biomass,
ethanol, biodiesel), cut flowers, ornamental and nursery plants, tropical fish and birds
for the pet trade, and both legal and illegal drugs (biopharmaceuticals, tobacco, marijuana, opium, cocaine).
«In terms of consumer ownership and use costs, the case to make a switch
from current fuels to compressed natural gas (CNG) is much more compelling than
for other alternative fuels like
ethanol and electricity.»
There is certainly a case
for re-doubling the scientific efforts to produce bio-fuels on lands which do not compete with food crops,
for example
from cellulosic
ethanol, but this technology is still not ready
for the market.
Max Shauck, chair of the Baylor Institute
for Air Science (who flew an
ethanol - powered prop plane at air shows in the 1980s), has converted at least 1,000 such aircraft in Brazil, a country that has weaned itself
from foreign oil by embracing
ethanol domestically produced
from sugarcane.
Previously developed techniques
for generating hydrogen
from ethanol are best suited to large - scale production at specialized facilities, however, because they require external sources of heat.
This problem can become even bigger
for biofuels like corn
ethanol that emit greenhouse gases at every step,
from laughing gas emanating
from corn fields after fertilization to the CO2
from the fermentation of kernels into
ethanol.
Once harvested, these crops would get ferried by truck or train to power plants and other industrial facilities where, along with waste
from food crops and timber harvests, they would be burned
for heat or electricity, or converted to
ethanol and other liquid biofuels.
Commercial - scale efforts have existed
for over a hundred years that convert corn, sugar cane and other plant - based substances into a wide array of products, ranging
from fuel such as corn - based
ethanol to ingredients in many consumer goods, such as soap and detergents.
Scientists
from the University of Bristol's School of Chemistry have been working
for several years to develop technology that will convert widely - available
ethanol into butanol.
«But there are ways to obtain
ethanol for fuel
from fermentation that produce something that chemically is very much like beer — so beer is an excellent readily available model to test our technology.»
The Brazilian Sugarcane Industry Association (UNICA), the trade group
for sugar - cane
ethanol from Brazil, criticized the IPCC
for raising alarm on biofuels in the Working Group II report published on March 31.
Ethanol advocates, however, do not seem to worry that Pruitt will make similar waves involving their issue, given apparent support
for biofuels
from Trump and others.
Millions in government grants go to start the state's first commercial refinery
for ethanol made
from cobs and grasses
That method could make a difference in cellulosic biofuel plants, which produce
ethanol from waste products — corn husks and cobs — rather than edible kernels, a major advance in addressing the tradeoff of using agricultural land to grow corn
for fuel rather than
for food.
Corn
ethanol made
from irrigated crops,
for example, can use more than 1,000 times more water than oil refining, according to calculations by Sandia National Laboratory.
«
Ethanol made from miscanthus would need a much smaller carbon price to make it desirable to produce and for consumers to purchase as compared to ethanol from switchgrass and corn
Ethanol made
from miscanthus would need a much smaller carbon price to make it desirable to produce and
for consumers to purchase as compared to
ethanol from switchgrass and corn
ethanol from switchgrass and corn stover.
More to explore Just Keep Cool — How Evaporation Affects Heating and Cooling,
from Science Buddies Specific Heat, Heat of Vaporization and Density of Water,
from Khan Academy Perspiration Cooling of Body,
from HyperPhysics Heat of Vaporization of Water and
Ethanol,
from Khan Academy Science Activities
for All Ages!
Speaking of a bio-based economy, did the push
for biofuels like
ethanol from corn make farming's problems worse?
George Huber, chemical engineer, University of Massachusetts at Amherst - Bright Idea: Produce
ethanol or other renewable fuels
from biomass that we do not use
for food.
Another activated gene codes
for the phospholipase D enzyme, which removes
ethanol from membranes.
But yields
from a grass that only needs to be planted once would deliver an average of 13.1 megajoules of energy as
ethanol for every megajoule of petroleum consumed — in the form of nitrogen fertilizers or diesel
for tractors — growing them.
EPA recently revised its cellulosic target
for 2013
from a proposed 14 million gallons of
ethanol - equivalent to a final requirement of 6 million gallons (Greenwire, Aug. 6).
Future technologies that need R&D: high - efficiency photovoltaics (say, 50 % conversion)(as well as lowering the cost of PV), energy storage systems
for intermittent sources like solar and wind (hydrogen storage, other methods), advances in biofuel technology (
for example, hydrogen production
from algae, cellulosic
ethanol, etc..)
Developing inflorescences covered by nonemerging leaves were dissected
from plants and fixed at 4 °C in PFA solution (1.85 % [w / v] paraformaldehyde, 5 % [v / v] acetic acid, and 63 % [v / v]
ethanol)
for at least 1 d.
Cellulosic
ethanol will allow
ethanol production
from lands not suitable
for crops.
Among the multiple applications
for different processing pathways of corn or sorghum
ethanol are four pathways
from LytEn
for hydrogen produced
from biomethane; four pathways
for renewable... Read more →
The staff of the California Air Resources Board (ARB) staff has posted three new Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) fuel pathway applications to the LCFS public comments website: one
for corn
ethanol (
from Heartland Corn Products in Minnesota) and one ARB staff - developed pathway (with two scenarios)
for the production of... Read more →
Briefly, cells were detached
from the flasks and washed twice with PBS and fixed in 1 % paraformaldehyde in PBS on ice
for 1 h, suspended in ice - cold
ethanol (70 %) and stored overnight at -20 °C.
To obtain the fat bodies
from casein treated or starved larvae, we fed w1118 larvae on normal food until 12 h AL3E and then transferred them into 5 % casein food or 1 % non-nutritive agar, respectively, and incubated
for additional 12 h. Larvae were surface - sterilized in 70 %
ethanol for a few minutes, rinsed twice in sterilized distilled water, and dissected in a Schneider's Drosophila medium (Biowest) with 10 % FBS (Gibco) and 1 % Penicillin - Streptomycin (Sigma).
As
for ethanol blends, it all comes down to where the
ethanol comes
from.
Future harvest of corn stover
for cellulosic
ethanol production would increase erosion (i.e. sedimentation) and nutrient loads
from corn land, they said.
One possible explanation
for why mortality rates are higher
for non-drinkers may be that low levels of
ethanol (alcohol) in your bloodstream helps prevent the formation of formaldehyde
from dietary methanol.
I don't see how our subsidies
for making
ethanol from corn,
for example, spill over to the production of high fructose corn syrup.
«In our study both red wine and dealcoholized red wine improved insulin sensitivity which, together with prior findings, suggests that both
ethanol and polyphenols are responsible
for this beneficial effect,» wrote researchers
from the University of Barcelona and the University of Valencia in Spain.
Subjects were given doses of ginseng ranging
from 2 to 16 ml of fluid extract, 33 percent
ethanol,
from one to three times daily
for up to 60 days.
This is suitable
for all skin types as this cream pack is free
from parabens,
ethanol, animal oil, benzophenone, mineral oil and artificial coloring.
The real reason
for the existence of
ethanol fuel is that it is somewhat easier to produce
ethanol from agricultural products than it is to produce biogasoline.