Not exact matches
(Most
gasoline contains 10 %
ethanol, but regulators have approached E-15 (15 %
ethanol)
for use
in vehicles manufactured from 2001 on, and all new car warranties approve the use of E-15.)
An assessment paid
for by DuPont said that the
ethanol it will produce there could be more than 100 per cent better than
gasoline in terms of greenhouse gas emissions.
Indeed, The New York Times reported
in March that Mr. Icahn was pressing
for a change
in a requirement that refiners be held responsible
for ensuring that corn - based
ethanol is mixed into
gasoline.»
WASHINGTON, DC — Today the Grocery Manufacturers Association (GMA), as part of a coalition of food, farm and oil industry groups, filed a petition with the U.S. Supreme Court asking that it reverse the DC Circuit Court's August 2012 decision to dismiss its challenge to the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) decision to allow
gasoline containing 15 percent
ethanol («E15») to be sold
for cars manufactured
in the 2007 model year or later.
According to analyses that have been published
in Science and carried out by the California Air Resources Board, corn - based
ethanol is actually worse than
gasoline, mainly because growing more corn
for ethanol forces farmers to clear additional grasslands and forests to grow food crops.
However, the health of the entire population pays a high price: substitution of
gasoline for ethanol leads to a 30 % increase
in the atmospheric concentration of ultrafine particulate matter, which consists of particles with a diameter of less than 50 nanometers (nm).
In setting state rules
for low - carbon fuels, California officials have calculated that corn
ethanol is worse than
gasoline.
Actually, MacCready predicts that the big market
in the coming decade or two may not be so much
for all - electric cars as
for hybrid cars designed to run on batteries
in pollution - choked cities and on
gasoline — or natural gas, or
ethanol, or hydrogen, or some other range - extending fuel — on long highway trips (though the way Americans drive now, 90 percent of all car trips fall within Impact's 120 - mile range).
When you account
for these factors, corn
ethanol — currently the most widely produced biofuel
in the United States — generates about 43 percent less carbon dioxide than
gasoline.
It's said that
ethanol is capable of more power than
gasoline in an engine exclusively designed
for it.
For the purposes of this question, the impact of
gasoline vs
ethanol will be felt as a change
in effective working pressure.
E85, a mixture of 85 percent
ethanol and 15 percent unleaded
gasoline, is an alternative fuel
for use
in flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs).
In this study, we evaluate transportation impacts and infrastructure requirements for the use of E85 (85 % ethanol, 15 % gasoline) in light - duty vehicles using a combination of corn and cellulosic ethano
In this study, we evaluate transportation impacts and infrastructure requirements
for the use of E85 (85 %
ethanol, 15 %
gasoline)
in light - duty vehicles using a combination of corn and cellulosic ethano
in light - duty vehicles using a combination of corn and cellulosic
ethanol.
Furthermore, the Brazilian subsidiary began producing flex - fuel versions
for the Civic and the Fit models, capable of running on any blend of
gasoline (E20 to E25 blend
in Brazil) and
ethanol up to E100.
Renewable - fuel standard — Congress laid the foundation
for this strange - bedfellow debate
in 2013, and next year could bring more substantive action, depending on whether
gasoline prices go up and how that affects
ethanol prices.
Based on the just released Low Carbon Fuel Standard prepared by the University of California
for the Governor, «regular»
gasoline as a value of 85 — 92 g CO2 eq / MJ, while natural gas has a value of ~ 80 g CO2 eq / MJ, electricity
in California has an average value of 27 g CO2 eq / MJ (when used to drive an electric vehicle), and cellulosic
ethanol derived from municipal solid waste is ~ 5 g CO2 eq / MJ.
The lead author of one of the studies referenced
in Elisabeth Rosenthal's recent article says
in a policy brief that ``... switching from
gasoline to corn
ethanol doubles greenhouse gas emissions
for every mile driven.»
While
ethanol,
for example derived from corn but distilled
in a facility powered by coal was,
in fact, on average worse, than
gasoline, some of the envisioned cellulosic - based biofuels could be dramatically better on a g CO2 eq / MJ basis.
The
gasoline also did contain some hydrogen that burned to form water, so the 3:1 ratio Jeff references probably was
for gasoline (not containing
ethanol) but adjusted
for the mass content of the hydrogen
in the
gasoline and is likely more accurate than the 3.67 ratio of carbon to carbon dioxide masses.
Biofuels Digest quotes Barbassa as saying that
gasoline has now become «the alternative fuel»:
In fact Petrobras predicts that by 2020 that the
gasoline market
for light vehicles will shrink by 17 %, with
ethanol use increasing.
In Brazil
ethanol has become economically competitive with
gasoline, and the country's biofuels program could serve as a world model
for producing sustainable energy, officials say.
In a report released last month, the GAO underscored the evaporative problems posed by
ethanol, saying that compensating
for ethanol forces refiners to remove certain liquids from their
gasoline: «Removing these components and reprocessing them or diverting them to other products increases the cost of making
ethanol - blended
gasoline.»
Mid-range
gasoline -
ethanol blends (greater than 10 percent and less than 85 percent
ethanol) should only be used
in vehicles approved
for their use by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
So no, the energy balance of sugarcane
ethanol is not
in fact better than that
for gasoline.
An independent panel of academic scientists
for the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences — reviewing the conflicting work of Searchinger, Wang and several others — concluded
in a 2011 report that «corn - grain
ethanol might not have lower [greenhouse gas emission] values than petroleum - based
gasoline.»
Third, there can be — indeed, has been — a major impact
in the U.S. motor fuels sector, where the market
for biofuels (mainly
ethanol) is negatively affected by low conventional
gasoline prices.
From 2007 to 2013, corn
ethanol interests spent $ 158 million lobbying
for more mandates and subsidies — and $ 6 million
in campaign contributions —
for a fuel that reduces mileage, damages engines, requires enormous amounts of land, water and fertilizer, and from stalk to tailpipe emits more carbon dioxide than
gasoline.
Two ads have been running heavily
in the Washington, D.C., market and
in some other markets
in advance of a Nov. 30 deadline
for the EPA to finalize requirements
for the total volume of
ethanol to be put into
gasoline, and
for other renewable fuels.
And — as mentioned
in the anti-
ethanol ad — even former Vice President Al Gore has called the federal requirement
for adding corn - based
ethanol to
gasoline «a mistake.»
Just growing corn and preserving it
in a salt mine forever whilst making
gasoline from coal or natural gas will even capture far more carbon than using it
for ethanol does.
The search
for new strategies generally falls
in two camps: ways to use organic stuff other than corn to make
ethanol, and ways to manipulate organisms to produce a different fuel identical to
gasoline or diesel.
To produce enough corn - based
ethanol to meet current U.S. demand
for automotive
gasoline, we would need to nearly double the amount of land used
for harvested crops, plant all of it
in corn, year after year, and not eat any of it.»
Because so little energy is required to cultivate crops such as switchgrass
for cellulosic
ethanol production, and because electricity can be co-produced using the residues of such cellulosic fuel production, reductions
in greenhouse gas emissions
for celluslosic
ethanol when compared to
gasoline are greater than 100 per cent.
One exception has been some use of liquid natural gas (LNG) and other fuels
for fleets of buses or delivery vehicles, although not substantially
for privately - owned ones, and the use of corn - derived
ethanol mixed with
gasoline in proportions up to 10 per cent
ethanol («gasohol»)
in some states.
Speaking at the American Association
for the Advancement of Science annual meeting
in San Francisco, Dale says that while corn
ethanol produces less greenhouse gases than
gasoline, it can cause other detrimental environmental effects if not carefully managed.
Even when the
gasoline emissions catch up with maize
ethanol, the global - warming damage from the maize
ethanol emissions is greater, because they have been
in the atmosphere
for longer.
In the case of maize ethanol it leads to a higher abundance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere for the first 15 years of its production, compared to gasolin
In the case of maize
ethanol it leads to a higher abundance of carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere for the first 15 years of its production, compared to gasolin
in the atmosphere
for the first 15 years of its production, compared to
gasoline.
However,
in the United States there are also niche markets
for E-85, which is made up of 85 %
ethanol and 15 %
gasoline.
Almost all of these projects differ from the
ethanol being blended into the US
gasoline supply
in that they are made from inedible feedstocks, which sidesteps one of the critiques often leveled at biofuels: that they compete
in with crops raised
for people or livestock, driving up food prices.
For the transportation sector, we assumed that all
gasoline and
ethanol would be consumed
in spark - ignition engines, whereas diesel and biodiesel would be consumed
in compression - ignition engines.
Federal and state subsidies
for ethanol helped keep the fuel
in production when
ethanol prices fell with crude oil and
gasoline prices
in the early 1980s.
http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/energy/biofuels/energy-briefs/history-of-
ethanol-production-and-policy «Today's
ethanol industry began
in the 1970s when petroleum - based fuel became expensive and environmental concerns involving leaded
gasoline created a need
for an octane.
Key findings from the survey of 1,000 registered voters include 74 percent agreeing that federal regulations could contribute to increased costs
for gasoline to consumers and 68 percent who're concerned about government regulations that would increase the amount of
ethanol in gasoline.
He pointed to findings that corn
ethanol, which plays the largest role
in meeting RFS mandates, emits more greenhouse gases than
gasoline, and he said it is «confusing»
for the Obama administration to push corn
ethanol while it seeks to lower global greenhouse gas emissions at the Paris climate summit.
At issue is whether to suspend a five - year - old federal mandate requiring more
ethanol in gasoline each year, a policy that has diverted almost half of the domestic corn supply from animal feedlots to
ethanol refineries, driven up corn prices and plantings and created a desperate competition
for corn as drought grips the nation's farm belt.
Even with this small increase
in the share of natural gas powered vehicles, the
ethanol content of the
gasoline pool could rise to 34 %, posing an even greater problem
for the future viability of E10 and E85
gasoline.
Brian Dodge, just
for comparison and context, converting all
gasoline using vehicles to 100 % corn - based
ethanol would require almost 7x the current acreage
in corn, and 30 % more than the current total cropland of the US.
«If every one of the 70 million acres on which corn was grown
in 2006 was used
for ethanol, the amount produced would displace only 12 percent of the U.S.
gasoline market.
But instead of leaving it there, you harvest the corn and convert it into
ethanol, an energy intensive process, and use the remaining carbon
in the
ethanol as a replacement
for gasoline carbon.