Current reported CI
for ethanol plants.
Ethanol plants produce byproducts that can be used as feed for animals, in turn, factory farms can sell animal manure as fuel
for ethanol plants.
Current reported CI
for ethanol plants.
The Fulton, Miss. project will allow BlueFire to use green and wood wastes available in the region as feedstock
for the ethanol plant, which is designed to produce approximately 19 - million gallons of ethanol per year.
The sugarcane would then provide feedstock
for an ethanol plant, with leftover cane used to create biomass electricity at night with a nearby solar concentrator complex generating power during the day.
At present the environment would be better off if - instead of using natural gas to produce fertilizer and steam
for the ethanol plant - the natural gas was just burned directly in CNG vehicles.
Not exact matches
Ethanol and biodiesel can both be used in bio-jet fuel, but the technologies to convert
plant - derived oil to jet fuel are at an advanced stage of development, yield high energy efficiency and are ready
for large - scale deployment.
Efforts to capture the CO2 from making
ethanol could help develop the technology
for coal - fired power
plants
We've used yeast to convert
plant cellulose and starch into biofuels like
ethanol for decades; however, the process still isn't efficient, and scientists are genetically altering yeast to change that.
In 1979, when
ethanol was called gasohol, Lunz saw an ad in a newspaper
for an on - farm
ethanol plant.
The
plant opened
for business in November 1994, with the capacity to make 15 million gallons of
ethanol a year.
This is a fluidized bed reactor, an energy - generation technology that has been used
for decades to power paper mills and waste - treatment
plants but that had never before been installed in an
ethanol plant.
Other agricultural production goods include timber, fertilizers, animal hides, leather, industrial chemicals (starch, sugar, alcohols and resins), fibers (cotton, wool, hemp, silk and flax), fuels (methane from biomass,
ethanol, biodiesel), cut flowers, ornamental and nursery
plants, tropical fish and birds
for the pet trade, and both legal and illegal drugs (biopharmaceuticals, tobacco, marijuana, opium, cocaine).
After dissolving
plant biomass by the novel solvent, carboxylate - type liquid zwitterion, hydrolysis and fermentation were consecutively carried out in one reaction pot
for conversion into
ethanol.
In another experiment, bagasse was used as a starting
plant biomass
for ethanol production without washing / separation processes.
The remaining sugar (
for plants with less than 20 % oil) could be sold or used to produce
ethanol.
Ethanol demand in the U.S.,
for example, has caused some farmers to
plant more corn and less soy.
In nature, the resilient lignin polymer helps provide the scaffolding
for plants, reinforcing slender cellulosic fibers — the primary raw ingredient of cellulosic
ethanol — and serving as a protective barrier against disease and predators.
Finding a cost - effective method
for breaking down the tough cellulose in
plant matter to produce
ethanol has been a tough challenge, involving both innovations in chemistry and in field operations like the baling feeder developed by Woodford.
Once harvested, these crops would get ferried by truck or train to power
plants and other industrial facilities where, along with waste from food crops and timber harvests, they would be burned
for heat or electricity, or converted to
ethanol and other liquid biofuels.
Moving forward, Smith's group seeks to further validate molecular dynamics simulations as a predictive tool by modeling a genetically modified form of switchgrass, another
plant targeted
for cellulosic
ethanol.
Commercial - scale efforts have existed
for over a hundred years that convert corn, sugar cane and other
plant - based substances into a wide array of products, ranging from fuel such as corn - based
ethanol to ingredients in many consumer goods, such as soap and detergents.
Selfa thought that had these communities been aware of
ethanol production's impact on the local water supply, support
for the
plants may not have been as strong.
Indeed, biofuels aren't really a stretch — humans have been using microorganisms to ferment
plants into
ethanol ever since Stone Age people began making beer around 10,000 B.C. Today's work hinges on engineering a perfect microbe that will eat the entirety of a
plant, retain only a little of this food
for itself and spew out the rest as a high - energy fuel.
That method could make a difference in cellulosic biofuel
plants, which produce
ethanol from waste products — corn husks and cobs — rather than edible kernels, a major advance in addressing the tradeoff of using agricultural land to grow corn
for fuel rather than
for food.
When it comes to using
plant waste to mitigate climate change, most people think of turning it into
ethanol or biodiesel
for use as a fuel.
But yields from a grass that only needs to be
planted once would deliver an average of 13.1 megajoules of energy as
ethanol for every megajoule of petroleum consumed — in the form of nitrogen fertilizers or diesel
for tractors — growing them.
The
plants, which include many grasses targeted
for cellulosic
ethanol, can be harvested when needed and, given their hardiness, grow on marginal land.
Developing inflorescences covered by nonemerging leaves were dissected from
plants and fixed at 4 °C in PFA solution (1.85 % [w / v] paraformaldehyde, 5 % [v / v] acetic acid, and 63 % [v / v]
ethanol)
for at least 1 d.
This is one of the first steps in converting complex
plant materials into simple forms that can be fermented into
ethanol for fuel.
Susan Amara, USA - «Regulation of transporter function and trafficking by amphetamines, Structure - function relationships in excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs), Modulation of dopamine transporters (DAT) by GPCRs, Genetics and functional analyses of human trace amine receptors» Tom I. Bonner, USA (Past Core Member)- Genomics, G protein coupled receptors Michel Bouvier, Canada - Molecular Pharmacology of G protein - Coupled Receptors; Molecular mechanisms controlling the selectivity and efficacy of GPCR signalling Thomas Burris, USA - Nuclear Receptor Pharmacology and Drug Discovery William A. Catterall, USA (Past Core Member)- The Molecular Basis of Electrical Excitability Steven Charlton, UK - Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Moses Chao, USA - Mechanisms of Neurotophin Receptor Signaling Mark Coles, UK - Cellular differentiation, human embryonic stem cells, stromal cells, haematopoietic stem cells, organogenesis, lymphoid microenvironments, develomental immunology Steven L. Colletti, USA Graham L Collingridge, UK Philippe Delerive, France - Metabolic Research (diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver, cardio - vascular diseases, nuclear hormone receptor, GPCRs, kinases) Sir Colin T. Dollery, UK (Founder and Past Core Member) Richard M. Eglen, UK Stephen M. Foord, UK David Gloriam, Denmark - GPCRs, databases, computational drug design, orphan recetpors Gillian Gray, UK Debbie Hay, New Zealand - G protein - coupled receptors, peptide receptors, CGRP, Amylin, Adrenomedullin, Migraine, Diabetes / obesity Allyn C. Howlett, USA Franz Hofmann, Germany - Voltage dependent calcium channels and the positive inotropic effect of beta adrenergic stimulation; cardiovascular function of cGMP protein kinase Yu Huang, Hong Kong - Endothelial and Metabolic Dysfunction, and Novel Biomarkers in Diabetes, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia and Estrogen Deficiency, Endothelium - derived Contracting Factors in the Regulation of Vascular Tone, Adipose Tissue Regulation of Vascular Function in Obesity, Diabetes and Hypertension, Pharmacological Characterization of New Anti-diabetic and Anti-hypertensive Drugs, Hypotensive and antioxidant Actions of Biologically Active Components of Traditional Chinese Herbs and Natural
Plants including Polypehnols and Ginsenosides Adriaan P. IJzerman, The Netherlands - G protein - coupled receptors; allosteric modulation; binding kinetics Michael F Jarvis, USA - Purines and Purinergic Receptors and Voltage-gated ion channel (sodium and calcium) pharmacology Pain mechanisms Research Reproducibility Bong - Kiun Kaang, Korea - G protein - coupled receptors; Glutamate receptors; Neuropsychiatric disorders Eamonn Kelly, Prof, UK - Molecular Pharmacology of G protein - coupled receptors, in particular opioid receptors, regulation of GPCRs by kinasis and arrestins Terry Kenakin, USA - Drug receptor pharmacodynamics, receptor theory Janos Kiss, Hungary - Neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's disease Stefan Knapp, Germany - Rational design of highly selective inhibitors (so call chemical probes) targeting protein kinases as well as protein interaction inhibitors of the bromodomain family Andrew Knight, UK Chris Langmead, Australia - Drug discovery, GPCRs, neuroscience and analytical pharmacology Vincent Laudet, France (Past Core Member)- Evolution of the Nuclear Receptor / Ligand couple Margaret R. MacLean, UK - Serotonin, endothelin, estrogen, microRNAs and pulmonary hyperten Neil Marrion, UK - Calcium - activated potassium channels, neuronal excitability Fiona Marshall, UK - GPCR molecular pharmacology, structure and drug discovery Alistair Mathie, UK - Ion channel structure, function and regulation, pain and the nervous system Ian McGrath, UK - Adrenoceptors; autonomic transmission; vascular pharmacology Graeme Milligan, UK - Structure, function and regulation of G protein - coupled receptors Richard Neubig, USA (Past Core Member)- G protein signaling; academic drug discovery Stefan Offermanns, Germany - G protein - coupled receptors, vascular / metabolic signaling Richard Olsen, USA - Structure and function of GABA - A receptors; mode of action of GABAergic drugs including general anesthetics and
ethanol Jean - Philippe Pin, France (Past Core Member)- GPCR - mGLuR - GABAB - structure function relationship - pharmacology - biophysics Helgi Schiöth, Sweden David Searls, USA - Bioinformatics Graeme Semple, USA - GPCR Medicinal Chemistry Patrick M. Sexton, Australia - G protein - coupled receptors Roland Staal, USA - Microglia and neuroinflammation in neuropathic pain and neurological disorders Bart Staels, France - Nuclear receptor signaling in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases Katerina Tiligada, Greece - Immunopharmacology, histamine, histamine receptors, hypersensitivity, drug allergy, inflammation Georg Terstappen, Germany - Drug discovery
for neurodegenerative diseases with a focus on AD Mary Vore, USA - Activity and regulation of expression and function of the ATP - binding cassette (ABC) transporters
Back in the day, «bitters were generally
ethanol extracts of
plant or mineral material,
for example, Dr Henley's Wild Grape Root Bitters or Brown's Iron Bitters.»
First, they should brainstorm ideas
for how to build a biofuels refinery
plant that would turn biomassinto
ethanol.
The second agreement called
for the three participating companies to study the potential viability of an
ethanol plant in Germany.
The Envest Loan is to purchase shares in an ag processing
plant intended to process North Dakota products or
for the purchase of equity shares in a North Dakota feedlot or dairy operation that feeds a byproduct of an
ethanol or biodiesel facility.
MLPs on brokerage firm Stifel's buy list include Green Plains Partners (GPP, $ 18, 11.0 %), which owns and operates storage tanks, terminals and other facilities
for Green Plains Inc., the world's second - largest owner of
ethanol production
plants.
The key factors determining carbon emissions
for corn - based
ethanol are (1) whether coal or natural gas is used to power the
ethanol plant, (2) whether distillers grains are dried or sold wet, and (3) whether expansion of corn acreage comes mainly from reduced acreage of lower - value crops or if idled land is brought into production.
How much sunlight is absorbed by the corn
plants needed to manufacture one joule's worth of
ethanol,
for example, compared to the amount of sunlight a solar panel needs to generate one joule of electricity?
I've been on the road, learning about damaging and sustainable agricultural methods (and a big corn - to -
ethanol plant) in Iowa, meeting with hundreds of science - oriented high school students in Houston to discuss energy and innovation and speaking about how new opportunities
for globally sharing and shaping insights and information can be a prime route toward sustaining human progress on a finite planet (and on a tight budget).
Corn - to -
ethanol plants have been the most rapidly growing source of feed gas
for CO2 recovery.»
Just been looking up the sources
for commercial CO2 and here is a short exerpt from google: «The most common operations from which commercially - produced carbon dioxide is recovered are industrial
plants which produce hydrogen or ammonia from natural gas, coal, or other hydrocarbon feedstock, and large - volume fermentation operations in which
plant products are made into
ethanol for human consumption, automotive fuel or industrial use.
With competition
for plant waste among cellulosic
ethanol plants, landscapers, and a range of other users, added to the fact that millions of cell phones are made each year, it could quickly become yet another burden on the earth to be using so much compostable, good -
for - the - soil
plant matter
for cell phone frames.
Among their suggestions were the following: expand conservation tillage to 100 percent of cropland, stop all deforestation, drive two billion cars on
ethanol, increase wind power 80-fold to make hydrogen
for cars, replace 1,400 large coal - fired power
plants with gas - fired ones, and cut electricity use in buildings by 25 percent.
For example, a farmer in northern Iowa could
plant an acre in corn that yields enough grain to produce roughly $ 1,000 worth of fuel - grade
ethanol per year, or he could use that same acre to site a turbine producing $ 300,000 worth of electricity each year.
Each
plant produced 5,000 to 7,000 gallons of
ethanol per day from wood waste, and both were in production
for several years (Sherrard 1945).
The two scientists calculated all the fuel inputs
for ethanol production — from the diesel fuel
for the tractor
planting the corn, to the fertilizer put in the field, to the energy needed at the processing
plant — and found that
ethanol is a net energy - loser.
The production of
ethanol for fuel in the US uses huge amounts of land, some of which was brought back into production
for this purpose, large amounts of energy to the point there is probably a net loss, major water consumption, and little savings in net CO2 emissions (which are
plant food anyway.)
Some green activists supported mandates
for biofuel, hoping they would pave the way
for next - generation
ethanol, which would use non-food
plants.
Edeniq, Inc. developed a low - cost, low carbon intensity technology
for the conversion of cellulosic biomass (
plant material) to
ethanol.
The authors added, «[O] ur analysis shows that carbon releases from the soil after
planting corn
for ethanol may in some cases completely offset carbon gains attributed to biofuel generation
for at least 50 years.»