Sentences with phrase «for evapotranspiration»

Carbon dioxide enrichment of the atmosphere has two potential competing implications for evapotranspiration, and hence water balance and runoff.

The study accounted for evapotranspiration, which is water released into the air through plant transpiration and soil evaporation, as well as precipitation, and surface water flowing into and out of the Central Valley.

Not exact matches

For Pokorny, the key is evapotranspiration, whereby plants continuously absorb and emit water in the form of vapor.

In this context, simulations show that an increase of evapotranspiration will occur in Spanish forests; it will have a negative impact on other ecosystems, for example, on rivers.

Gentine's team is the first to isolate the response of vegetation from the global warming total complex response, which includes such variables for the water cycle as evapotranspiration (the water evaporated from the surface, both from plants and bare soil) soil moisture, and runoff.

Without such action, deforestation rates could well accelerate for another six years — by which time it will certainly be too late for many millions of hectares of Amazon forest — and there will be considerably less rain evapotranspiration to sustain the rest.

As plants take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, they release water through evapotranspiration from their leaf pores, which helps them cool down in the hot sun, much as human sweat cools us down.

-- 1) Improved understanding of adaptive genetic and phenotypic forest characteristics that would provide better guidance for breeding programs and management actions to maximize resilience to both direct and indirect climate impacts to forests; 2) Long - term studies to better understand effects of CO2 fertilization in Montana's forests; 3) Improved models of climate and vegetation effects on evapotranspiration and water balances throughout forested systems.

However, more 90 °F + (32 °C +) days will also 1) increase evapotranspiration and water demand for most crops; 2) limit grain development from pollination to seed (i.e., grain fill); and 3) elevate heat stress on livestock.

I'm thinking for example of how we modeled a basic estimate of evapotranspiration using the temperature gradient derived from a surface and 1.5 meter temperature reading.

To overcome this problem, Karnauskas et al. adapted an engineering method for estimating the potential evapotranspiration to GCM output, enabling them to calculate an aridity change index (ACI) for 80 globally distributed island groups.

Lofgren, B. M., T. S. Hunter, and J. Wilbarger, 2011: Effects of using air temperature as a proxy for potential evapotranspiration in climate change scenarios of Great Lakes basin hydrology.

These methods have been significantly improved by fully coupling the hydrologic cycle among land, lake, and atmosphere.94, 95 Without accounting for that cycle of interactions, a study96 concluded that increases in precipitation would be negated by increases in winter evaporation from less ice cover and by increases in summer evaporation and evapotranspiration from warmer air temperatures, under a scenario of continued increases in global emissions (SRES A2 scenario).

I am currently looking for gridded datasets of evapotranspiration (daily, ideally, at national / global scale).

The simulated data includes snow water equivalent, soil moisture, surface runoff (runoff), subsurface runoff (baseflow), and actual evapotranspiration for a region covering the Peace, upper Columbia, Fraser and Campbell River watersheds.

Plants response to higher CO2 levels result in less water utilation for photosynthesis (esp C4) which results in large gains of leaf growth (more growth for same water)-- forcing evapotranspiration to increase.

Researchers in the historical Beaver Creek experiments hypothesized that lower tree densities associated with thinning would reduce evapotranspiration losses, and thereby allow more water to be available for soil moisture, groundwater recharge, and surface water runoff [29].

The soil receives a fraction of the precipitation for each month, and the soil water that is not released through evapotranspiration is added to the next month's water balance or allowed to run off (Landsberg and Waring [1997]; Waring et al. [2014]-RRB-.

In warm, dry regions, irrigation increases the amount of water available for plants to release into the air through a process called evapotranspiration.

«Furthermore, recent studies suggest that fragmenting the Amazon forest could disrupt regional rainfall by breaking down a «biotic pump», in which evapotranspiration from forests creates low - pressure zones that draw in moisture - laden air from the Atlantic Ocean,» said William F. Laurance, a researcher at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, who together with Lovejoy, won the 2009 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Ecology and Conservation Biology for their work in the Brazilian Amazon.

Furthermore the employed SM data and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) are only weakly correlated in the investigated regions, highlighting the importance of evapotranspiration and runoff for resulting SM.

There is little evidence for a human influence on precipitation deficits, but a lot of evidence for a human fingerprint on surface soil moisture deficits — starting with increased evapotranspiration caused by higher temperatures.

It is not «conduction» but exchange of radiation; if you keep your hands parallel at a distance of some cm the right hand does not (radiatively) «warm» the left hand or vice versa albeit at 33 °C skin temperature they exchange some hundreds of W / m ² (about 500 W / m ²) The solar radiation reaching the surface (for 71 % of the surface, the oceans) is lost by evaporation (or evapotranspiration of the vegetation), plus some convection (20 W / ²) and some radiation reaching the cosmos directly through the window 8µm to 12 µm (about 20 W / m ² «global» average); only the radiative heat flow surface to air (absorbed by the air) is negligible (plus or minus); the non radiative (latent heat, sensible heat) are transferred for surface to air and compensate for a part of the heat lost to the cosmos by the upper layer of the water vapour displayed on figure 6 - C.

We have direct observation from ground - based instruments which measure downwelling and upwelling LWR separately and the results are entirely consistent with Trenberth's energy budget cartoon, from whence it is we also find the surface fluxes for convection and evapotranspiration.

We found in our analyses that, for such things as evapotranspiration and runoff, year - to - year leaf variations are less important than year - to - year variations in meteorology.

The sensitivity of the PDSI to the Thornthwaite and Penman - Monteith parameterizations for potential evapotranspiration

The sensitivity of the PDSI to the Thornthwaite and Penman — Monteith parameterizations for potential evapotranspiration.

42, Steve Fish: The illustration clearly shows that thermals and evapotranspiration account for a total of 97 watts per square meter delivered to the atmosphere for re-radiation to space, while total radiation to space is 341 watts per square meter.