Sentences with phrase «for general circulation modelling»

Engwirda, D., 2017: JIGSAW - GEO (1.0): Locally orthogonal staggered unstructured grid generation for general circulation modelling on the sphere, Geosci.

Title: «Solar Radiation Absorption by CO2, Overlap With H2O, and a Parameterization for General Circulation Models»

A simple hydrologically based model of land surface water and energy fluxes for general circulation models

Liang, X., D. P. Lettenmaier, E. F. Wood, and S. J. Burges, 1994: A simple hydrologically based model of land surface water and energy fluxes for general circulation models.

Late Cenozoic uplift in southern Asia and in the American west: rationale for general circulation model experiment

Not exact matches

CMIP was established as a resource for climate modelers, providing a standard protocol for studying the output of coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation models so that these models can be compared and validated.

And a proper discussion of climate change often does call for precise terms like external forcing and general circulation models, and other non-toddler friendly jargon.

(Top left) Global annual mean radiative influences (W m — 2) of LGM climate change agents, generally feedbacks in glacial - interglacial cycles, but also specified in most Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM) simulations for the LGM.

To derive the climate projections for this assessment, we employed 20 general circulation models to consider two scenarios of global carbon emissions: one where atmospheric greenhouse gases are stabilized by the end of the century and the other where it grows on its current path (the stabilization [RCP4.5] and business - as - usual [RCP8.5] emission scenarios, respectively).

He promoted the use of water stable isotopomers for reconstructing past climate changes from ice cores and with associated atmospheric modelling using both dynamically simple and General Circulation Models (GCMs).

The inner edge of the habitable zone for synchronously rotating planets around low - mass stars using general circulation models.

Heymsfield, A.J., and L. Donner, 1990: A scheme for parameterizing ice - cloud water content in general circulation models.

Sellers, P.J., Y. Mintz, Y.C. Sud, and A. Dalcher, 1986: A simple biosphere model (SiB) for use within general circulation models.

Knowledge of dominant scales associated with mesoscale eddies enables a better understanding of the resolution requirements for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, the framework used for comparison of global coupled ocean - atmosphere general circulation models.

The Met Office Hadley Centre (Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research) climate change model, Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater thanmodel, Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater thanModel, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater thanmodel, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater than B1).

We address this issue in a new study led by Dr. Ravi Kopparapu, on which I am a co-author, titled «The inner edge of the habitable zone for synchronously rotating planets around low - mass stars using general circulation models.»

Climate change projections were based on an ensemble of four General Circulation Models (UKMO HadCM3, MPIM ECHAM5, CSIRO MK3.5 and GFDL CM2.1), downscaled to 10 minutes [32], considering three emissions scenarios (B2, A1B and A2) for 1975 (mean 1961 — 1990), 2050 (mean 2041 — 2060) and 2090 (mean 2081 — 2100).

That would make the argument a lot more convincing, especially for some of my more skeptical colleges that deeply distrust results from (in their view) overly optimized and complex General Circulation Models.

That would make the argument a lot more convincing, especially for some of my more skeptical colleges that deeply distrust results from (in their view) overly optimized and complex General Circulation Models.

(Paper abstract) Climate models may underestimate heat stored in ground General circulation models (GCMs), the primary tool for estimating the magnitude of future climate change, rely on realistic inputs to generate accurate predictions.

Another example can be drawn from the energy balance model calculations for the snow / ice instability — despite all the details not in the original energy balance model, much more complex general circulation models have now been shown to have the same behavior — a citation from 1994 -LRB-!)

As noted in that post, RealClimate defines the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation («AMO») as, «A multidecadal (50 - 80 year timescale) pattern of North Atlantic ocean - atmosphere variability whose existence has been argued for based on statistical analyses of observational and proxy climate data, and coupled Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model («AOGCM») simulations.

Development of models for the general circulation of the ocean started later, but has proceeded in a similar manner.

We investigate the magnitude and nature of this climate change for the first time within a fully coupled General Circulation Model.

General Circulation Models (GCMs) are the best source of data available to researchers for developing regional scenarios.

An increased number of simulations using EMICs or Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) that are the same as, or related to, the models used in simulations of the climates of the 20th and 21st centuries are available for these peModels (AOGCMs) that are the same as, or related to, the models used in simulations of the climates of the 20th and 21st centuries are available for these pemodels used in simulations of the climates of the 20th and 21st centuries are available for these periods.

To investigate the effects of CO2 emissions on ocean pH, we forced the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ocean general - circulation model (Fig. 1a) with the pressure of atmospheric CO2 (pCO2) observed from 1975 to 2000, and with CO2 emissions from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's IS92a scenario1 for 2000 — 2100.

«The Sensitivity of Monsoon Climates to Orbital Parameterization Changes for 9000 Years BP: Experiments with the NCAR General Circulation Model.»

The main justifications offered for climate alarmism are expensive general circulation models, which cost taxpayers many billions of dollars but prove nothing except that garbage in results in garbage out.

Liang, X., D. P. Lettenmaier, E. F. Wood, and S. J. Burges, 1994: A simple hydrologically based model of land - surface water and energy fluxes for general - circulation models.

A suggestive way of putting it, because for any software engineer worth his salt what Steve has shown beyond doubt is that climate science, not least its authoritative expressions in IPCC reports, has been atrocious in regression testing of its central general circulation and other models, taking that important term in its broadest and most important sense.

She develops and applies numerical models for small - scale atmospheric processes and study these processes effect on the general circulation.

Here, FOR values are derived from a General Circulation Model by extracting OLR and SLE over areas in east - central Europe (at about 60 ° N) one hour after injecting appropriate CO2 concentration (adjustments to the atmospheric profile are thus excluded) to the Feb. 1 midnight simulation.

Appendices 5.1 Abbreviaions WG1 Working Group 1 GHG Greenhouse Gas AR4 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change CO2 Carbon Dioxide SPM Summary for Policy Makers GCM General Circulation Model

Importantly, the changes in cereal yield projected for the 2020s and 2080s are driven by GHG - induced climate change and likely do not fully capture interannual precipitation variability which can result in large yield reductions during dry periods, as the IPCC (Christensen et al., 2007) states: ``... there is less confidence in the ability of the AOGCMs (atmosphere - ocean general circulation models) to generate interannual variability in the SSTs (sea surface temperatures) of the type known to affect African rainfall, as evidenced by the fact that very few AOGCMs produce droughts comparable in magnitude to the Sahel droughts of the 1970s and 1980s.»

Using radiation modeling we estimated how strong the climate forcing would be for each scenario, and then ran general circulation models to see how that forcing would change the climate.

More complex examples (General Circulation Models) attempt to represent everything — clouds, air movement, rain, shrinking ice, ocean heat, as well as the interaction between all these things, which in effect define climate — as well as use archive information to model climates from the past, in order to make predictions for the future.

We find, when all seven models are considered for one representative concentration pathway × general circulation model combination, such uncertainties explain 30 % more variation in modeled vegetation carbon change than responses of net primary productivity alone, increasing to 151 % for non-HYBRID4 models.

«The NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX - GDDP) dataset is comprised of downscaled climate scenarios for the globe that are derived from the General Circulation Model (GCM) runs conducted under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and across two of the four greenhouse gas emissions scenarios known as Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs).

The experiments were performed with ModelE2, a new version of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Sciences (GISS) coupled general circulation model that includes three different versions for the atmospheric composition components: a noninteractive version (NINT) with prescribed composition and a tuned aerosol indirect effect (AIE), the TCAD version with fully interactive aerosols, whole - atmosphere chemistry, and the tuned AIE, and the TCADI version which further includes a parameterized first indirect aerosol effect on clouds.

And for sure we are driven to keep modeling like crazy (on some else's dime) like hysterical people building Towers of Babel despite the fact if there is any true substance to general circulation models (GCMs)-- i.e., the mathematical models Western government scientists use only to indict humanity for living — it is well disguised.

Even if we can not readily find the cause for the «pause» — as it is sometimes called — we can be absolutely sure that it was not predicted by any of the dozens of the UN-IPCC's General Circulation Models (GCMs).

Solomon et al. (2010) mentioned that NCAR Thermosphere - Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE - GCM) model simulations for ~ 97 — 600 km altitude showed, that the estimated change in total EUV energy input is approximately commensurate with the measured density chModel (TIE - GCM) model simulations for ~ 97 — 600 km altitude showed, that the estimated change in total EUV energy input is approximately commensurate with the measured density chmodel simulations for ~ 97 — 600 km altitude showed, that the estimated change in total EUV energy input is approximately commensurate with the measured density change.

The time - independent linear response to these tropical anomalies is calculated for extratropical basic states taken from reanalysis climatologies and also from the climatological states of Action de Recherche Petite Echelle Grande Echelle (ARPEGE) and Laboratoire de Mà © tà © orologie Dynamique (LMDZ) general circulation model simulations.

They are also used as a boundary condition for atmospheric reanalyses and atmosphere only general circulation models (IPCC 2007).

The Process Study and Model Improvement (PSMI) Panel's mission is to reduce uncertainties in the general circulation models used for climate variability prediction and climate change projections through an improved understanding and representation of the physical processes governing climate and its variation.

NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) has a long history in climate studies, which led to the development of one of the most accurate and complete models of Earth's global climate, the General Circulation Model (GCM).

It became a basic component of the UCLA model for the general circulation of the atmosphere.

For instance, the global average temperature (as reported by NOAA, Hadley / CRU and NASA / GISS ground - based measurements, as well as RSS and UA - H satellite based measurements) has failed to increase in the 21st century the way the General Circulation Models have said they should despite the fact that CO2 has been rising unabated.

For the July report, we received 14 June SIO submissions from dynamical models: 5 from ice - ocean models forced by atmospheric reanalysis or other atmospheric model output (in green in Figure 3) and 9 from fully coupled general circulation models (in blue in Figure 3).