«Your immune system, especially in those suffering from celiac disease or gluten intolerance, can confuse the casein molecule
for gliadin.
Celiac disease patients have higher concentrations of serum zonulin during the acute phase of disease compared with their healthy counterparts, and also have over-expressed CXCR3, the intestinal receptor
for gliadin (Fasano, 2011).
In this week's edition of «Ask Dr. J», Dr. Russell Jaffe is asked about the benefit of testing
for gliadin separately from gluten when testing for gluten would cover all of the sub-fractions.
My point is, unless a person has a stool test
for gliadin antibodies, they do not know if they can safely eat wheat.
Unfortunately, these antibodies often confuse more than just tTG
for gliadin, and end up attacking other organs and systems, from the skin to the thyroid to the brain.
This never tests out
for gliadin anti-bodies.
MegaFood ® uses the FDA - approved R5 ELISA (Enzyme - linked immunosorbant assay) method to test
for gliadin, one of the main proteins in the gluten molecule.
Not exact matches
The strict definition of celiac disease — positive antibodies to
gliadin, intestinal endomysium, and tissue transglutaminase, together with the presence of HLA - DQ2 or HLA - DQ8 genes and an intestinal biopsy that shows at least 20 - 25 CD3 cells per 100 epithelial cells — will account
for about 75 - 80 % of all those sensitive to gluten.
An enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used to measure the amount of gluten and
gliadins in foods but is less reliable
for glutenins.
Einkorn has a
gliadin to glutenin ratio of 2:1 compared to 0.8:1
for durum and hard red wheat.
The mark assures that the product contains less than 10 - ppm gluten (5 - ppm
gliadin) and similar proteins from rye and barley as measured by using testing methods that are accepted
for gluten testing by analytical associations such as the Association of Analytical Communities (AOAC), testing researchers and other such agencies.
Gluten is a protein made up of glutenin and
gliadin and is responsible
for the elasticity of bread dough.
For me, the elimination of the toxic
gliadins and the maintenance of the bread making quality of wheat is the most exciting,» Barro said.
Most modern testing focuses on only the alpha -
gliadin (one of the twelve sub-fractions) and therefore leaves considerable room
for error and false negative tests.
For this reason, I use Cyrex Lab in my clinic because they have a test that looks at the
gliadin sub-fractions, which helps to minimize false negatives that can be found with the IgA and IgG anti-
gliadin antibody testing.
For some, there may be a need to go completely grain - free due to the cross reactivity of
gliadin sub-fractions in non-gluten grains.
Whenever the whole - wheat pasta or a 12 - grain sandwich you innocently eat
for lunch reaches your intestines, something called tissue transglutaminase (tTG), which is an enzyme produced in your intestinal wall, breaks down the gluten into its building blocks,
gliadin and glutenin.
Two of the substances found in wheat responsible
for many of the associated cellular problems you face are
gliadin and lectins.
Independent of the brain effects already discussed,
gliadin peptides may travel through the blood stream and can stimulate opiate receptors in the brain, resulting in their being termed gliadorphins, accounting
for temporary withdrawal symptoms!
I believe one of the most crucial aspects of the wheat conversation
for people to understand is that the
gliadin protein in wheat acts as an appetite - stimulant.
So the risks
for diabetes, immune problems, and
gliadin's addictive properties on the brain would still exist.
This is important because not all who are gluten intolerant test positive
for alpha
gliadin.
It showed that
gliadin, which is a gluten protein can affect zonulin even in people without the gene
for celiac.
As mentioned earlier, standard testing
for gluten intolerance only tests
for antibodies to one component of gluten, alpha
gliadin.
This is problematic because if gluten is in fact destroying someone's health and he or she does not test positive
for alpha
gliadin but is in fact sensitive to the other components (
for example Gluteomorphin), then that person who should avoid gluten, would be cleared to eat gluten containing foods.
The limitations of currently available conventional testing are very real as most physicians who do a «Celiac panel» are only testing
for alpha
gliadin, tissue transglutaminase 2, and endomesial antibody.
These foods contain the highest and best - studied levels of lectin, an anti-nutrient and partner in crime to
gliadin peptides in wheat, barley, and rye, but present in many foods and most in grains, legumes, and dairy (and notably genetically modified foods designed to increase lectin content
for pest control).
We routinely test
for food sensitivities, general mineral status, toxic metal overload, digestive capability, steroid metabolites (
for BHRT), gluten /
gliadin sensitivity, and insulin resistance.
The company also specifically tests
for gluten and
gliadin to make sure they are gluten - free (under 20 ppm) of gluten.
Most tests only check
for antibodies to alpha -
gliadin (one single gluten peptide), and not everyone with a gluten sensitivity reacts to that particular gluten peptide.
These antibodies then wage a war of sorts with the
gliadin present in your body by producing chemical messengers themselves, and one of the symptoms created
for example can be inflammation, resulting in abdominal pain.
Your doctor's «celiac panel» is only testing
for alpha
gliadin, tissue transglutaminase 2, and endomesial antibody, a small portion of the potential immune responses to this food.
The blood test checks
for elevated IgG antibodies to native
gliadin.
If you see a conventional medical doctor and have your blood tested at a conventional medical laboratory
for celiac disease / gluten sensitivity, you will be tested
for IgA and IgG antibodies to the 33 - mer peptide of deamidated alpha -
gliadin and transglutaminase 2.
Chris, without arguing levels of toxicity, I single out wheat and HFCS
for two reasons: 1) Modern Wheat contains proteins (
gliadin, etc.) that stimulate appetite and wreak havoc on the intestinal system.
For people possessing the HLA - DQ2 or - DQ8 genes (90 - 95 % and 5 - 10 % of those with CD, respectively), avoiding gluten means less chance of
gliadin fragments being bound tightly and starting telephone in the immune system.
However, because a damaged intestinal wall can not properly produce lactase enzymes, lactose intolerance often accompanies gluten intolerance — and people who can normally eat foods like cheese, yogurt or ice cream simply can not do it when
gliadin is present in their diets, and this is why it is necessary to avoid milk products
for several months after going «gluten free».
However, any substance like
gliadin that irritates the lining of the small intestine can destroy the villi and significantly reduce the total area available
for absorption.
- Amaranth, buckwheat, chia, millet, quinoa, sorghum, kamut, einkorn, spelt and teff (which are sometimes called «ancient grains» because each was an important food source
for ancient civilizations, and although not 100 % gluten - free, are much lower or non-existent in
gliadin content compared to modified, high - yield wheat crops).
So this may well have worked
for IgA nephritis, but not because it was low in fat, but because it eliminated wheat (
gliadin) and dairy (bovine serum albumin).
Standard tests only screen
for one, alpha
gliadin.
Is
gliadin really safe
for non-coeliac individuals?
The reason
for this is that opioid peptides from
gliadin are almost of the same structure as casomorphins from casein.
Gluten, from the Latin, «glue» is a composite of proteins comprised of
gliadin and glutenin, found in wheat, with similar «glutinous» proteins known as prolamines found in related grains such as rye (secalin), corn (zein), and barley (horedin), and casein is the name
for a family of proteins in mammalian milk.
If you ask to be screened
for gluten intolerance, that screening will typically include antibodies to only alpha
gliadin, endomesial antibody, and one type of tissue transglutaminase.
However,
gliadin is a very dodgy substance
for acne; it's the active component in gluten, and the real reason why celiacs fear bread.
Gliadin in gluten is responsible
for most of the damaging effects.