Sentences with phrase «for homologs»

Not exact matches

Page and his colleagues, who use animal models to understand how autism risk factors impact the developing brain and to identify potential treatments for the condition, have found that animals with mutations in the autism risk gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) mimic aspects of autism, including increased brain size, social deficits and increased repetitive behavior.

In a report that appears in PLOS BIOLOGY, Dr. Hugo Bellen and his colleagues at Baylor College of Medicine and the Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital and BCM, and Dr. Chao Tong, at the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Biology, Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China, find that mutations of human homologs (genes that carry out similar functions) of cacophony and its partner straightjacket (Cacna1a and Cacna2d2 respectively) cause defects in autophagy in neurons.

By searching for gene deletion patterns in cancer through a concept the investigators call «synthetic essentiality,» the team identified a synthetic essential gene known as chromatin helicase DNA - binding factor (CHD1) as a therapeutic target for prostate and breast cancers lacking a tumor suppressor gene called phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN).

Pten (short for phosphatase and tensin homolog) is a tumor suppressor that is defective in about 20 - 25 percent of all patients with cancers.

In a paper published by Scientific Reports today, the research team found the activity of this protein, called PTEN (for Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10), is different between men and women.

The C. elegans homolog of nucleoporin Nup98 is required for the integrity and function of germline P granules.

Little is known about RNF212, though it is a mammalian homolog of a gene called ZHP - 3 known to be crucial for the success of recombination in other organisms.

Alignments for RNA binding domains (RRM) from insects (A) and mammals (B) reveal strong conservation among homologs.

We therefore examined Boule homologs that recently diverged from each other for any signs of adaptive evolution.

However the only Boule homologs functionally characterized exhibit divergent roles in reproduction, with Drosophila boule necessary for male reproduction and the C. elegans boule homolog, daz - 1, required for egg production [39], [40].

Dazl homologs contain slightly different consensus sequences for both RNP2 (VFVGGI) and RNP1 (KGYGFVSF), have distinct sequences surrounding the RNPs, and have a conserved deletion of two amino acids (Figure S2)[35].

While reproductive proteins with conserved homologs in different phyla are not uncommon, most of them are involved in general cellular functions, and are hence also required for other non-reproductive processes [18], [19].

Representative species of each major metazoan taxon (mostly phylum) were analyzed for the presence or absence of Boule and Dazl homologs.

We separately aligned the protein sequences of known Boule homologs among two distant metazoan groups, mammals and insects, and established a consensus sequence for the RNA recognition motif (RRM) in each group (Figure S1).

Starting with the Boule RRM consensus sequence, we used Tblastn to search the genomes of species from major phyla representing the two clades of Bilaterians, deuterostomes and protostomes, for Boule homologs.

List of primers used for RT - PCR and qRT - PCR analyses of Chicken, Sea urchin and mouse Boule homologs.

Using the Dazl RRM domain, we searched for Dazl homologs in the genomes of acorn worm from Hemichordata (Saccoglossus kowalevskii), sea urchin from Echinodermata (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus), lancelet from Cephalochordata (Branchiostoma floridae), and sea squirt from Tunicata (Ciona intestinalis).

However, Boule homologs have been maintained throughout all major lineages of animals from a common eumetazoan ancestral gene and are required only for sperm development in both Drosophila and mice.

While meiosis is fundamental to sexual reproduction and key components of meiotic machinery for chromosomal synapses and recombination are conserved from yeast to mammals [2], [76], the absence of Boule homologs in fungi together with the requirement of Boule homologs in only one sex of animals suggest that conservation of Boule is unlikely due to the same functional constraint that keeps components of meiotic machinery conserved.

For known Boule homologs, DNA sequences from various species were retrieved from the literature and the Genbank database.

Loss - of - function phenotypes of Boule homologs in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans reveal their divergent roles in reproduction, with boule required for male reproduction in flies and for oogenesis in the worm [39], [40].

Ka / Ks ratio analysis also failed to identify any evidence for accelerated evolution among mammalian Boule homologs.

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the silent mating - type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1): oversight for neurodegenerative disorders

Since the nematode Boule homolog is only required for ovarian function but not male gametogenesis, and Boule transcripts have been detected in the ovaries as well as in the testes of some other species [53], [57], [59], we wondered if such ovarian expression in sporadic species is a lineage - specific phenomenon or if it is a common feature.

A system for automated detection of homologs among the annotated genes of several completely sequenced eukaryotic genomes.

With the discovery of Asgard» clade archaea, the homologs of key eukaryote cytoskeletal proteins have, for the first time, been identified in archaea.

For example, clusters containing genes that are upregulated during the course of ES cell differentiation (Table 3) include in order of time of expression: cluster 30 that represents genes which take part in the formation of the three embryonic germ layers during gastrulation, i.e., Goosecoid, Cerberus like 1 homolog, Wnt3, Mesp1, Mixl1, mEomes and Even - skipped 1; cluster 15 containing molecular regulators of early mesoderm development including Bmp2, Bmp5, Msx1, Msx2, Cripto, Tbx20, Hey2, Smad6, Vegfr2 (Kdr), Foxf1 and Hand1; cluster 20, which comprises regulatory and structural genes linked to hemopoiesis such as Gata1, Nfe2, Klf1, Tie1, hemoglobins (Hba - x, Hbb - b1) and Glycophorin A; cluster 12, which is rich in genes involved in cardiac development, e.g., Mef2c, Myl4, cardiac Troponin T2, Tropomodulin 1, myosin binding protein C, Bves, Angiopoietin 1 and Angiopoietin 2; and, cluster 4, which consists mostly of genes associated with neuronal development and differentiation, for example, Neurog1, Neurog2, Olig2, Nkx6.1, Neurod4, Pou3f2, Pou3f4, Cacna2d3, Cacng4, Kcnq2 and EphFor example, clusters containing genes that are upregulated during the course of ES cell differentiation (Table 3) include in order of time of expression: cluster 30 that represents genes which take part in the formation of the three embryonic germ layers during gastrulation, i.e., Goosecoid, Cerberus like 1 homolog, Wnt3, Mesp1, Mixl1, mEomes and Even - skipped 1; cluster 15 containing molecular regulators of early mesoderm development including Bmp2, Bmp5, Msx1, Msx2, Cripto, Tbx20, Hey2, Smad6, Vegfr2 (Kdr), Foxf1 and Hand1; cluster 20, which comprises regulatory and structural genes linked to hemopoiesis such as Gata1, Nfe2, Klf1, Tie1, hemoglobins (Hba - x, Hbb - b1) and Glycophorin A; cluster 12, which is rich in genes involved in cardiac development, e.g., Mef2c, Myl4, cardiac Troponin T2, Tropomodulin 1, myosin binding protein C, Bves, Angiopoietin 1 and Angiopoietin 2; and, cluster 4, which consists mostly of genes associated with neuronal development and differentiation, for example, Neurog1, Neurog2, Olig2, Nkx6.1, Neurod4, Pou3f2, Pou3f4, Cacna2d3, Cacng4, Kcnq2 and Ephfor example, Neurog1, Neurog2, Olig2, Nkx6.1, Neurod4, Pou3f2, Pou3f4, Cacna2d3, Cacng4, Kcnq2 and EphA5.

We initially searched for previously reported ncRNAs and found nine murine ncRNAs and homologs of several previously described nonmouse ncRNAs.

T - box transcription factors T / Brachyury homolog A (Ta) and Tbx16 are essential for correct mesoderm development in zebrafish.