«We were surprised to see just how crucial this gene is
for human embryo development, but we need to continue our work to confirm its role» says Dr Norah Fogarty from the Francis Crick Institute, first author of the study.
One study, to be published online September 11 in Nature Communications, found that a much smaller number of genes than previously believed serve as the ignition switch
for human embryo development.
Not exact matches
But the report acknowledges that
human embryology does not of itself give the moral answers: «
For example, a recognition of biological continuity might in some measure undermine the argument that
embryo destruction is permissible when certain biological markers or states of
development are absent.
A world in which ectogenesis — the artificial
development and «birth» of
human embryos outside the womb — is the norm, «and less than 30 per cent of children are... born of woman», a world of ectogenetic parents selected to improve the quality of the gene pool, advancing each generation in any desired respect «from the increased output of first - class music to... decreased convictions
for theft».
The ability to keep
human embryos developing in the lab
for almost 2 weeks — achieved
for the first time this year — should provide new insights into very early
human development, and generate debate on whether ethical limits on studying
embryos in culture should be extended.
«This association is important
for lung
development in mouse
embryos, and at least
for one of these long non-coding RNAs, important
for human lung function.»
This factor is the first lung molecular marker during mouse and
human development and is essential
for lungs to mature properly in an
embryo.
The discovery of cells» ultra-sensitivity
for mechanical property of their environment is crucial to understanding basic physiological processes that underlie
embryo development, tumor metastasis, wound healing and many other aspects of
human health and disease.
Details of an organism's embryonic
development often reveal traits carried by its evolutionary ancestors; consider,
for instance, how
human embryos initially develop gill - like slits and a tail.
Niakan will then look at less well - known genes that may be crucial
for early
development of
human embryos.
Because polar bodies are dispensable
for human embryonic
development, they can be safely removed without harming the
embryo.
(Drosophila, or fruit flies, are a frequently used model
for understanding
human disease, and oskar is critical
for normal
development of fruit fly
embryos.)
Early
development is also studied with respect to in vitro culture of
human embryos for IVF and its possible epigenetic effects in the foetus and child.
«It is legal to do this
for research purposes on early
human embryos in the UK with a licence from the HFEA, but the 14 day limit applies and it would be illegal to implant the
embryos into a woman
for further
development.
A new technique that allows
embryos to develop in vitro beyond the implantation stage (when the
embryo would normally implant into the womb) has been developed by scientists at the University of Cambridge allowing them to analyse
for the first time key stages of
human embryo development up to 13 days after fertilisation.
Yet we are dismayed by his disregard
for the most basic scientific findings regarding the
human embryo, namely, that from the single - cell stage of
development onward, the
human embryo is a distinct, determinate, self - directing, integrated,
human organism — a living member of the
human species who, if given a suitable environment, will move along the seamless trajectory of biological
development toward maturity.
Therefore, LMU researchers argue that bovine
embryos might well be a better model
for early
human development than the mouse system.
35 Accordingly, any
human ovum must, as soon as fertilised, be regarded as a «
human embryo» within the meaning and
for the purposes of the application of Article 6 (2)(c) of the Directive, since that fertilisation is such as to commence the process of
development of a
human being.