The researchers used the power of gene sequencing and clever computational methods to uncover the «source code»
for human endothelial cells and learn how that code is disturbed in human disease.
Not exact matches
So Daniel Anderson at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology exposed
human bone marrow stem
cells to biodegradable nanoparticles carrying the
human gene
for vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which attracts blood vessels to injury sites.
In a previous related study published in the Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, the same team of NTU scientists found that fish scale - derived collagen would induce
human umbilical vein
endothelial cells to express 2.5 times more of a specific type of collagen responsible
for blood vessel formation, as compared to
endothelial cells cultured on bovine collagen.
Professor Takao Hamakubo's group at the Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center
for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), have shown that PTX3 forms strong bonds with histones and partially unfolds, leading to a disordered coaggregation of histone and PTX3 and protecting
human endothelial cells from damage.
In an effort to overcome these limitations, a team at the Wyss Institute
for Biologically Inspired Engineering led by its Founding Director, Donald Ingber, M.D., Ph.D., had previously engineered a microfluidic «Organ - on - a-Chip» (Organ Chip) culture device in which
cells from a
human intestinal
cell line originally isolated from a tumor were cultured in one of two parallel running channels, separated by a porous matrix - coated membrane from
human blood vessel - derived
endothelial cells in the adjacent channel.
Related to this, the discovery of an increased
endothelial cell population in the periphery of the
human cornea has prompted an investigation
for evidence of the existence of stem - like
cells in the
endothelial periphery.
Figure 2 shows sets of results
for four areas of
human corneal
endothelial tissue; central endothelium (defined by
endothelial cells within a 4 mm trephined boundary), central - intermediate endothelium (defined by
endothelial cells within an 8 mm trephined boundary), intermediate - peripheral endothelium (defined by
endothelial cells between the 4 mm trephine edge and 12 mm from the center of the corneal endothelium), and the peripheral endothelium (defined by the 8 mm trephined edge and 12 mm from the center of the corneal endothelium).
The impaired ability of
human corneal
endothelial cells (HCECs) to divide, both in vivo and in culture, has been well documented in the scientific literature
for a number of years [1 - 6].
Researchers from the laboratories of Hiroshi Y. Yoshikawa and Hideki Taniguchi had previously demonstrated the in vitro formation of a 3D transplantable liver «organ bud» from
human induced pluripotent stem
cells (iPSCs) co-cultured with mesenchymal and
endothelial progenitors, and allows
for the growth of a small vascularized and functional organ [1 - 3].
A team at the Harvard John A. Paulson School
for Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) and the Wyss Institute
for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University has invented a method
for 3D bioprinting thick vascularized tissue constructs composed of
human stem
cells, extracellular matrix, and circulatory channels lined with
endothelial blood vessel
cells.
A team led by Young - sup Yoon, MD, PhD developed a new method
for generating
endothelial cells, which make up the lining of blood vessels, from
human induced pluripotent stem
cells..
Susan Amara, USA - «Regulation of transporter function and trafficking by amphetamines, Structure - function relationships in excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs), Modulation of dopamine transporters (DAT) by GPCRs, Genetics and functional analyses of
human trace amine receptors» Tom I. Bonner, USA (Past Core Member)- Genomics, G protein coupled receptors Michel Bouvier, Canada - Molecular Pharmacology of G protein - Coupled Receptors; Molecular mechanisms controlling the selectivity and efficacy of GPCR signalling Thomas Burris, USA - Nuclear Receptor Pharmacology and Drug Discovery William A. Catterall, USA (Past Core Member)- The Molecular Basis of Electrical Excitability Steven Charlton, UK - Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Moses Chao, USA - Mechanisms of Neurotophin Receptor Signaling Mark Coles, UK - Cellular differentiation,
human embryonic stem
cells, stromal
cells, haematopoietic stem
cells, organogenesis, lymphoid microenvironments, develomental immunology Steven L. Colletti, USA Graham L Collingridge, UK Philippe Delerive, France - Metabolic Research (diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver, cardio - vascular diseases, nuclear hormone receptor, GPCRs, kinases) Sir Colin T. Dollery, UK (Founder and Past Core Member) Richard M. Eglen, UK Stephen M. Foord, UK David Gloriam, Denmark - GPCRs, databases, computational drug design, orphan recetpors Gillian Gray, UK Debbie Hay, New Zealand - G protein - coupled receptors, peptide receptors, CGRP, Amylin, Adrenomedullin, Migraine, Diabetes / obesity Allyn C. Howlett, USA Franz Hofmann, Germany - Voltage dependent calcium channels and the positive inotropic effect of beta adrenergic stimulation; cardiovascular function of cGMP protein kinase Yu Huang, Hong Kong -
Endothelial and Metabolic Dysfunction, and Novel Biomarkers in Diabetes, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia and Estrogen Deficiency, Endothelium - derived Contracting Factors in the Regulation of Vascular Tone, Adipose Tissue Regulation of Vascular Function in Obesity, Diabetes and Hypertension, Pharmacological Characterization of New Anti-diabetic and Anti-hypertensive Drugs, Hypotensive and antioxidant Actions of Biologically Active Components of Traditional Chinese Herbs and Natural Plants including Polypehnols and Ginsenosides Adriaan P. IJzerman, The Netherlands - G protein - coupled receptors; allosteric modulation; binding kinetics Michael F Jarvis, USA - Purines and Purinergic Receptors and Voltage-gated ion channel (sodium and calcium) pharmacology Pain mechanisms Research Reproducibility Bong - Kiun Kaang, Korea - G protein - coupled receptors; Glutamate receptors; Neuropsychiatric disorders Eamonn Kelly, Prof, UK - Molecular Pharmacology of G protein - coupled receptors, in particular opioid receptors, regulation of GPCRs by kinasis and arrestins Terry Kenakin, USA - Drug receptor pharmacodynamics, receptor theory Janos Kiss, Hungary - Neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's disease Stefan Knapp, Germany - Rational design of highly selective inhibitors (so call chemical probes) targeting protein kinases as well as protein interaction inhibitors of the bromodomain family Andrew Knight, UK Chris Langmead, Australia - Drug discovery, GPCRs, neuroscience and analytical pharmacology Vincent Laudet, France (Past Core Member)- Evolution of the Nuclear Receptor / Ligand couple Margaret R. MacLean, UK - Serotonin, endothelin, estrogen, microRNAs and pulmonary hyperten Neil Marrion, UK - Calcium - activated potassium channels, neuronal excitability Fiona Marshall, UK - GPCR molecular pharmacology, structure and drug discovery Alistair Mathie, UK - Ion channel structure, function and regulation, pain and the nervous system Ian McGrath, UK - Adrenoceptors; autonomic transmission; vascular pharmacology Graeme Milligan, UK - Structure, function and regulation of G protein - coupled receptors Richard Neubig, USA (Past Core Member)- G protein signaling; academic drug discovery Stefan Offermanns, Germany - G protein - coupled receptors, vascular / metabolic signaling Richard Olsen, USA - Structure and function of GABA - A receptors; mode of action of GABAergic drugs including general anesthetics and ethanol Jean - Philippe Pin, France (Past Core Member)- GPCR - mGLuR - GABAB - structure function relationship - pharmacology - biophysics Helgi Schiöth, Sweden David Searls, USA - Bioinformatics Graeme Semple, USA - GPCR Medicinal Chemistry Patrick M. Sexton, Australia - G protein - coupled receptors Roland Staal, USA - Microglia and neuroinflammation in neuropathic pain and neurological disorders Bart Staels, France - Nuclear receptor signaling in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases Katerina Tiligada, Greece - Immunopharmacology, histamine, histamine receptors, hypersensitivity, drug allergy, inflammation Georg Terstappen, Germany - Drug discovery
for neurodegenerative diseases with a focus on AD Mary Vore, USA - Activity and regulation of expression and function of the ATP - binding cassette (ABC) transporters
This effect on
cell survival was not
endothelial cell - specific, since IC50 values
for kahweol treatment of several
human tumoral
cell lines were similar to those obtained
for HUVEC (results not shown).
Three recent experimental studies focused on low consumption / exposure.949596 In one study, 29 smokers each consumed a single cigarette, immediately after which they had a significant decrease in blood vessel output power and significant increase in blood vessel ageing level and remaining blood volume 25 minutes later, as markers of atherosclerosis.94 In another study,
human coronary artery
endothelial cells were exposed to the smoke equivalent to one cigarette, which led to activation of oxidant stress sensing transcription factor NFR2 and up - regulation of cytochrome p450, considered to have a role in the development of heart disease.95 These effects were not seen when heart
cells were exposed to the vapour from one e - cigarette.95 A study exposed adult mice to low intensity tobacco smoke (two cigarettes)
for one to two months and found adverse histopathological effects on brain
cells.96
The researchers used
human umbilical vein
endothelial cells and
human microvascular
endothelial cells for the study.
Direct conversion or reprogramming of
human postnatal
cells into
endothelial cells (ECs), bypassing stem or progenitor
cell status, is crucial
for regenerative medicine,
cell therapy, and pathophysiological investigation but has remained largely unexplored.
However, p53 expression has previously been detected in the cytoplasm of normal
human corneal
endothelial cells [13], and these
cells have a limited potential
for cell division.
This data should be useful
for determining the growth potential and characteristics of
human corneal
endothelial cells in the development of artificial corneas.
There have, however, been some studies with encouraging results;
for example, Chinese scientists took
human endothelial progenitor
cells exposed to resveratrol, and showed that telomerase activity increased.