Not exact matches
The company is also making a big bet on
hydrogen - powered cars, even though the
infrastructure for these vehicles does not really exist in the US yet.
The budget offers new funding
for deploying the
infrastructure to charge electric vehicles — as well as natural gas and
hydrogen refuelling — totalling $ 62.5 million over two years.
Supporting a rail system powered by
hydrogen fuel cells,
for example, would require an entirely new
infrastructure because
hydrogen, being a small molecule, would leak through existing pipelines.
Many communities would be better off investing in electric vehicles that run on batteries instead of
hydrogen fuel cells, in part because the
hydrogen infrastructure provides few additional energy benefits
for the community besides clean transportation.
The researchers also assessed the potential benefits of using the
hydrogen infrastructure to store clean energy
for use on demand.
The association estimates that an adequate
hydrogen refueling
infrastructure of 12,000 stations — less than one tenth of the roughly 170,000 gasoline stations in the U.S. — could be built
for no more than $ 15 billion.
You know, another point is that even if you put aside those kinds of consequences, the fact is that you are always investing in your energy
infrastructure anyway; so
for example there are very expensive things you could do that would be involved in trying to change how electricity is distributed across the country to help along, you know, [a]
hydrogen based economy.
It is as close as it gets,
for now, to a comprehensive network of
hydrogen filling stations and will mean that Germany will have the most advanced
hydrogen infrastructure in the world.
«We think H2FIRST can help improve the path
for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles by creating opportunities
for private industry to pool their resources to address
infrastructure needs,» said Sandia's Dedrick.
As
hydrogen fuel cell vehicles continue to roll out in increasing numbers, the
infrastructure for fueling them must expand as well.
«California is committed to deploying at least 100
hydrogen refueling stations in the next decade, and the H2FIRST effort is a big step toward the development and deployment of a broader, consumer - friendly
infrastructure for us and the rest of the United States.
Synthetic fuels have one particular advantage over batteries or
hydrogen as a route to low - carbon transport: by dropping in exactly where fossil fuels are used now, they can reduce emissions dramatically without the need
for major new
infrastructure or changes in consumer behaviour, which may be decisive in certain cases.
The work supported through this investment will address key early - stage technical challenges
for fuel cells and
for hydrogen fuel production, delivery, and storage related to
hydrogen infrastructure.
Furthermore, NREL's
hydrogen production,
infrastructure and bio-methanation projects allow
for real - life
hydrogen utilization to be analyzed using experimental data and established techno - economic analysis methods.
The main hardware in the existing research
infrastructure at IFE Hynor is found in a process room
for testing and development of high temperature
hydrogen production and solid oxide fuel cell technology (SOFC), including a Dual Bubbling Fluidized Bed reactor prototype (DBFB)
for continuous
hydrogen production by sorption - enhanced reforming (SER) of methane with an integrated process
for CO2 - capture.
The reality - probably 20 years hence, given there is no refuelling
infrastructure for hydrogen, nor any nationwide network
for maintaining and repairing fuel cells, and so on - is still a huge unknown and a massive gamble.
«Auto Makers Unite in Call
for Global
Hydrogen Infrastructure» is part of the paid WardsAuto Premium content.
Daimler plans to help improve the
infrastructure for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and is aiming to have up to 400
hydrogen fuel stations by 2023 as part of its H2 Mobility venture.
Don't be surprised to see initial inventory going to influencers in Hollywood, politics and the media, since they'll be happiest to talk up the need
for more investment in
hydrogen refueling
infrastructure.
The company is staying mum on the possibility of offering the HyMotion as a production car in the States, and by that we mostly mean California, where there is actually some
infrastructure for hydrogen fuel - cell cars, primarily in the Los Angeles area.
The federal budget introduced in March included $ 62.5 million over two years to help build the
infrastructure needed to support alternative fuel vehicles, including charging stations
for electric cars and refuelling stations
for vehicles that run on natural gas and
hydrogen.
Whereas in Europe, there's more public and political will
for both a liquid and gas
hydrogen infrastructure.»
The absence of a cost estimate
for the proposed
hydrogen infrastructure was a striking example of the oversimplifications we believe were made.
If
hydrogen fuel can be done cheaper, let it compete, but we can't wait
for replacement of the transportation
infrastructure.
Instead, Frank said, automakers promise
hydrogen - powered vehicles hailed by President Bush and Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, even though
hydrogen's backers acknowledge the cars won't be widely available
for years and would require a vast
infrastructure of new fueling stations.
* The need
for a new, highly expensive new
infrastructure for the distribution and storage of
hydrogen.
Demonstration of the key technological components
for solar aviation «drop - in» fuel production that enables the use of existing fuel
infrastructure, fuel system, and aircraft engine, while eliminating the logistical requirements of biofuels,
hydrogen, or other alternative fuels.
There are imaginative proposals
for transitioning to other fuels
for transportation, such as
hydrogen to power automotive fuel cells, but this would require major
infrastructure investment and restructuring.
1 Executive Summary 2 Scope of the Report 3 The Case
for Hydrogen 3.1 The Drive
for Clean Energy 3.2 The Uniqueness of
Hydrogen 3.3
Hydrogen's Safety Record 4
Hydrogen Fuel Cells 4.1 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell 4.2 Fuel Cells and Batteries 4.3 Fuel Cell Systems Durability 4.4 Fuel Cell Vehicles 5
Hydrogen Fueling
Infrastructure 5.1
Hydrogen Station Hardware 5.2
Hydrogen Compression and Storage 5.3
Hydrogen Fueling 5.4
Hydrogen Station Capacity 6
Hydrogen Fueling Station Types 6.1 Retail vs. Non-Retail Stations 6.1.1 Retail
Hydrogen Stations 6.1.2 Non-Retail
Hydrogen Stations 6.2 Mobile
Hydrogen Stations 6.2.1 Honda's Smart
Hydrogen Station 6.2.2 Nel
Hydrogen's RotoLyzer 6.2.3 Others 7
Hydrogen Fueling Protocols 7.1 SAE J2601 7.2 Related Standards 7.3 Fueling Protocols vs. Vehicle Charging 7.4 SAE J2601 vs. SAE J1772 7.5 Ionic Compression 8
Hydrogen Station Rollout Strategy 8.1 Traditional Approaches 8.2 Current Approach 8.3 Factors Impacting Rollouts 8.4 Production and Distribution Scenarios 8.5 Reliability Issues 9 Sources of
Hydrogen 9.1 Fossil Fuels 9.2 Renewable Sources 10 Methods of
Hydrogen Production 10.1 Production from Non-Renewable Sources 10.1.1 Steam Reforming of Natural Gas 10.1.2 Coal Gasification 10.2 Production from Renewable Sources 10.2.1 Electrolysis 10.2.2 Biomass Gasification 11
Hydrogen Production Scenarios 11.1 Centralized
Hydrogen Production 11.2 On - Site
Hydrogen Production 11.2.1 On - site Electrolysis 11.2.2 On - Site Steam Methane Reforming 12
Hydrogen Delivery 12.1
Hydrogen Tube Trailers 12.2 Tanker Trucks 12.3 Pipeline Delivery 12.4 Railcars and Barges 13
Hydrogen Stations Cost Factors 13.1 Capital Expenditures 13.2 Operating Expenditures 14
Hydrogen Station Deployments 14.1 Asia - Pacific 14.1.1 Japan 14.1.2 Korea 14.1.3 China 14.1.4 Rest of Asia - Pacific 14.2 Europe, Middle East & Africa (EMEA) 14.2.1 Germany 14.2.2 The U.K. 14.2.3 Nordic Region 14.2.4 Rest of EMEA 14.3 Americas 14.3.1 U.S. West Coast 14.3.2 U.S. East Coast 14.3.3 Canada 14.3.4 Latin America 15 Selected Vendors 15.1 Air Liquide 15.2 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 15.3 Ballard Power Systems 15.4 FirstElement Fuel Inc. 15.5 FuelCell Energy, Inc. 15.6 Hydrogenics Corporation 15.7 The Linde Group 15.8 Nel
Hydrogen 15.9 Nuvera Fuel Cells 15.10 Praxair 15.11 Proton OnSite / SunHydro 15.11.1 Proton Onsite 15.11.2 SunHydro 16 Market Forecasts 16.1 Overview 16.2 Global
Hydrogen Station Market 16.2.1
Hydrogen Station Deployments 16.2.2
Hydrogen Stations Capacity 16.2.3
Hydrogen Station Costs 16.3 Asia - Pacific
Hydrogen Station Market 16.3.1
Hydrogen Station Deployments 16.3.2
Hydrogen Stations Capacity 16.3.3
Hydrogen Station Costs 16.4 Europe, Middle East and Africa 16.4.1
Hydrogen Station Deployments 16.4.2
Hydrogen Station Capacity 16.4.3
Hydrogen Station Costs 16.5 Americas 16.5.1
Hydrogen Station Deployments 16.5.2
Hydrogen Station Capacity 16.5.3
Hydrogen Station Costs 17 Conclusions 17.1
Hydrogen as a Fuel 17.2 Rollout of Fuel Cell Vehicles 17.3
Hydrogen Station Deployments 17.4 Funding Requirements 17.5 Customer Experience 17.6 Other Findings
Lower carbon sustainable biofuels will likely also be a necessity
for internal combustion engines because it could take decades to build out new, safe, and accessible
infrastructure for fueling electric or
hydrogen - powered zero - carbon vehicles.
By 2020, sufficient
hydrogen fueling
infrastructures will be in place in several regions of the world, giving an initial boost to the market
for these vehicles.
Governor Andrew M. Cuomo today announced $ 2.2 million from the Environmental Protection Fund is now available in rebates
for municipalities to purchase or lease electric, (plug - in hybrid or battery) or
hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
for municipal fleet use, and
for installation of public charging or fuel cell refueling
infrastructure.
The
infrastructure it has built to store and distribute natural gas can one day be used
for hydrogen as the solar /
hydrogen economy unfolds.»
You start with CO2 in the ocean, and
hydrogen from solar power (which eliminates the need
for inverters, etc.), feed it through bio-reactors filled with tailored methanogens, and feed the methane into the same storage, distribution, and power generating
infrastructure you built
for NG.
Success with ammonia means we will have developed and commercialized, at scale, with viable economics,
infrastructure and supply chains, the following new technologies: CCS, SSAS, methane cracking, conventional and high temperature electrolysis and thermochemical water splitting
for hydrogen production, nuclear heat sources and small modular reactors, and solar heat sources and renewable electricity of sufficient reliability to be integrated into high volume must - run industrial processes.
Infrastructure expansion required
for deployment of low - GHG fuels, including electricity, biofuels,
hydrogen, and natural gas.
Therein lies the caveat: the
infrastructure does not yet exist
for many people to get the necessary
hydrogen fuel to make the fuel cell go.
They bleat about needing decades and # billions to perfect fuel cell technology — and with that comes the need
for big new
infrastructure —
hydrogen infrastructure — that'll take decades too.
Installing that, and the rest of the system, would though involve a lot of new
infrastructure, but he claims that «strategic siting the gasifiers would combine locations with good transport access
for coal and biomass (dock - sides, railheads, collieries), together with
hydrogen pipeline routes to CHP schemes, and CO2 pipelines to geological storage sites under the North Sea or Liverpool Bay».