«Geodetic measurements of vertical crustal velocity in West Antarctica and the implications
for ice mass balance.»
Not exact matches
Complementary analyses of the surface
mass balance of Greenland (Tedesco et al, 2011) also show that 2010 was a record year
for melt area extent... Extrapolating these melt rates forward to 2050, «the cumulative loss could raise sea level by 15 cm by 2050 ″
for a total of 32 cm (adding in 8 cm from glacial
ice caps and 9 cm from thermal expansion)- a number very close to the best estimate of Vermeer & Rahmstorf (2009), derived by linking the observed rate of sea level rise to the observed warming.
Subtracting one from the other produced a «
mass -
balance» picture of net
ice loss or growth
for each
ice sheet.
Ice shelves are important, because they play a role in the stability of the Antarctic Ice Sheet and the ice sheet's mass balance, and are important for ocean stratification and bottom water formation; this helps drive the world's thermohaline circulati
Ice shelves are important, because they play a role in the stability of the Antarctic
Ice Sheet and the ice sheet's mass balance, and are important for ocean stratification and bottom water formation; this helps drive the world's thermohaline circulati
Ice Sheet and the
ice sheet's mass balance, and are important for ocean stratification and bottom water formation; this helps drive the world's thermohaline circulati
ice sheet's
mass balance, and are important
for ocean stratification and bottom water formation; this helps drive the world's thermohaline circulation.
I would also cite Zwally et al (2005)
for evidence from the Greenland
Ice Sheet and the East Antarctic
Ice Sheet
mass balances that are consistent with increasing winter precipitation and warmer temperatures.
If a negative surface
mass balance were sustained
for millennia, that would lead to virtually complete elimination of the Greenland
ice sheet and a resulting contribution to sea level rise of about 7 m.
Postscript: A grouping of 40 + scientists, including four of our Nature co-authors, participated in the NASA / ESA
Ice Sheet Mass Balance Intercomparison project (IMBIE) in an attempt to understand the reasons for previously disparate ice mass change estimat
Ice Sheet
Mass Balance Intercomparison project (IMBIE) in an attempt to understand the reasons
for previously disparate
ice mass change estimat
ice mass change estimates.
The
mass balance and d13C
balance shows that vegetation as sink is not large enough to absorb all human CO2 if the oceans are a source and
ice cores show that CO2 and temperature go to a (surprisingly linear) new equilibrium
for every change in temperature level, not a sustained increase or decrease.
Because
ice sheets contain so much
ice and have the potential to raise or lower global sea level so dramatically, measuring the
mass balance of the
ice sheets and tracking any
mass balance changes and their causes is very important
for forecasting sea level rise.
Then in 2003 the launch of two new satellites, ICESat and GRACE, led to vast improvements in one of the methods
for mass balance determination, volume change, and introduced the ability to conduct gravimetric measurements of
ice sheet
mass over time.
Given enough time, a negative net
mass balance will ultimately lead to complete melting of the
ice sheet, and several studies have attempted to quantify the climatic threshold and time period required
for this to happen.
DMI says, The surface
mass balance is calculated over a year from September 1st to August 31st (the end of the melt season)
For the 2016 - 17 SMB year, which ended yesterday, the ice sheet had gained 544bn tonnes of ice, compared to an average for 1981 - 2010 of 368bn tonn
For the 2016 - 17 SMB year, which ended yesterday, the
ice sheet had gained 544bn tonnes of
ice, compared to an average
for 1981 - 2010 of 368bn tonn
for 1981 - 2010 of 368bn tonnes.
(2012),
Ice volume and subglacial topography
for western Canadian glaciers from
mass balance fields, thinning rates, and a bed stress model: Journal of Climate, doi: 10.1175 / JCLI - D -12-00513.1.
When these factors are equal, the
mass budget is
balanced, but
for years the Greenland
Ice Sheet has had a negative mass budget, meaning the ice sheet is losing mass overa
Ice Sheet has had a negative
mass budget, meaning the
ice sheet is losing mass overa
ice sheet is losing
mass overall.
The values
for the Antarctic
ice sheet
mass balance from NASA GRACE are the most current available (to January 2017).
This is in this: The Cryosphere Estimation of the Greenland
ice sheet surface
mass balance for the 20th and 21st centuries X. Fettweis1, E. Hanna2, H. Gall» ee3, P. Huybrechts4, and M. Erpicum1
Going forwards, IMBIE provides a framework
for assessing
ice sheet
mass balance, and has an explicit aim to widen participation to enable the entire scientific community to become involved.
And more recent estimates of the Antarctic
mass balance contribution to sea level rise has the East Antarctica
ice sheet gaining
mass at a more accelerated pace
for 2003 - 2013 than the mere +14 Gt per year identified by Shepherd et al. (2012)
for 1992 - 2011.
Just a short list: — you go on and on about SMB causing a net reduction of sea level in Antarctica (and sometimes Greenland), completely ignoring that SMB is not the total
ice mass balance — you routinely mentioned that human emissions aren't increasing the CO2 concentration because those emissions didn't increase
for several years in a row, but concentration did.
Bamber has recalculated the critical threshold temperature
for ice sheet melting by forcing two surface
mass balance models with real future climate.
The 2003 — 08 specific
mass balance for our entire HKKH study region was − 0.21 ± 0.05 m yr − 1 water equivalent, significantly less negative than the estimated global average
for glaciers and
ice caps4, 10.
Google Maps / Earth format data and temperature profiles
for all active
ice mass balance buoys.
In 2007, Denmark launched the Programme
for Monitoring of the Greenland
Ice Sheet (PROMICE) to assess changes in the mass balance of the ice she
Ice Sheet (PROMICE) to assess changes in the
mass balance of the
ice she
ice sheet.
In light of these developments, it is now time
for an updated community assessment of
ice sheet
mass balance.
Hay et al. (2015) argue that rates of sea level rise between 1.0 and 1.4 mm yr - 1 close the sea - level budget
for 1901 — 1990 as estimated in AR5, without appealing to an underestimation of individual contributions from ocean thermal expansion, glacier melting, or
ice sheet
mass balance.
According to the report, «Contraction of the Greenland
ice sheet is projected to continue to contribute to sea level rise after 2100,» and» [i] f a negative surface
mass balance were sustained
for millennia, that would lead to virtually complete elimination of the Greenland
ice sheet and a resulting contribution to sea level rise of about 7 m,» which is equivalent to approximately 23 feet.
For an annual - and area - average warming exceeding Embedded Image in Greenland and Embedded Image in the global average, the net surface
mass balance of the Greenland
ice sheet becomes negative, in which case it is likely that the
ice sheet would eventually be eliminated, raising global - average sea level by 7 m.