Diana Ginn is a Full Professor at he Schulich School of Law and William Lahey is President of the University of Kings College, and an Associate Professor, on leave, at the Schulich School of Law The implications of Dunsmuir [1]
for judicial deference towards administrative decision making were uncertain for at least two reasons.
It needs to stop trying to articulate and apply a set of rules
for judicial deference to administrative decision - makers.
The implications of Dunsmuir [1]
for judicial deference towards administrative decision making were uncertain for at least two reasons.
Mr. Sirota sees «democratic process failures» as providing judges with «the reason» to invoke the power of judicial review, and suggests that the presence of a failure could obviate the need
for judicial deference.
Not exact matches
In his companion essay
for this forum, James Ryan maintains that Scalia's defense of
judicial deference is fraudulent.
The recent history of
judicial review in Canada has been marked by ebbs and flows of
deference, confounding tests and new words
for old problems, but no solutions that provide real guidance
for litigants, counsel, administrative decision makers or
judicial review judges.
Recognizing the critical importance of
judicial tenure, both in substance and appearance, Congress provided special protections
for administrative law judges, even as it afforded due
deference to the constitutional powers of executive agencies to render final agency decisions.
The decision is important
for examining the level of
deference by the judiciary in applying
judicial review where matters extend into public policy relating to the precautionary principle in environmental law.
Courts on
judicial review do view expertise as a valid doctrinal reason
for deference, and are willing to put aside their own interpretation of a statute in favour of a decision - maker's.
Dunsmuir acknowledges the nature of the question as the most important factor in selecting the appropriate level of
deference in substantive
judicial review; endorsing what has been the reality
for years despite claims that relative expertise is the most influential factor.
The majority opinion justifies the need to merge reasonableness simpliciter with patent unreasonableness on now familiar grounds that: (i) the two standards are impossible to distinguish in application, despite good intentions in selecting a «middle ground» standard where pragmatic factors point both
for and against
judicial deference; and (ii) patent unreasonableness contemplates
judicial endorsement of an «unreasonable» administrative decision.
Then in 2011 Justice Rothstein, this time writing
for the majority in Alberta (Information and Privacy Commissioner) v Alberta Teachers» Association, 2011 SCC 61, wrote that the principle of
judicial deference asserted in Dunsmuir had evolved to the point where there is a presumption the standard of review is reasonableness where a statutory decision - maker applies and interprets its home statute (at para 39).
It is, in effect, the expression of
judicial deference to the executive's responsibility
for international relations.
Professor Sunstein cites a few examples of
judicial deference over the past century, such as the per curiam decision in Massachussetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia, 427 U.S. 307 (1976), in which the United States Supreme Court upheld a state law setting a mandatory retirement age of 50
for police officers, deferring to the legitimate interest identified in the state's pleadings.
(a) where the essential character of the dispute involves an academic matter, the superior court will demonstrate institutional
deference and defer its jurisdiction to the university, except of course on an application
for judicial review of the matters arising from the university's own academic appeal processes;
The Alberta Court of Appeal gave us a surprising new exception to the presumption of
deference owed to statutory tribunals by ruling in Capilano, ABCA that the statutory right of appeal set out in section 470 of the Municipal Government Act demonstrates a legislative intent
for an intrusive
judicial role into municipal property tax assessment and therefore is an indication that the standard of review should be correctness (see Where Are We Going on Standard of Review in Alberta?
For example, Madam Justice Deschamps wrote a concurring opinion in Alberta Teachers» Association on the view that
judicial deference is based upon the principle of relative expertise or experience in a particular area, and thus a bare assertion of a presumption of
deference simply because a statutory decision - maker is interpreting its home statute pays too little attention to whether the statutory decision - maker actually has sufficient expertise or experience to justify
deference to its determination of a legal question (Alberta Teachers» Association at paras 82 — 89).
For this reason, Justice Rothstein provides a very sharp and pointed dissent, emphasizing the importance of
judicial deference to the legislature, even in constitutional matters,
At present, a distinction is often drawn between restrictions imposed by European legislation,
for example on habitat protection, and that offered by domestic law; European requirements are often shown greater
deference by decision makers, and by the courts when discretion to quash (in
judicial and statutory review cases) is considered.
Although it is not an entirely fair reproach to make to a piece that is 50 pages long without being prolix, I still think that considering it might have been useful,
for it would have shown that the problems that the article describes — excessive
judicial deference to supposedly expert administrators, and failure to consider the evidence of the real - life effects of these administrators» decisions — are not unique to the prison law context.
It is odd, therefore, to find on
Judicial Power's list of 50 «problematic» cases Liversidge v Anderson — which is criticised by the editors of the list as showing «excessive
deference to the executive's wide discretionary powers in wartime» and
for «giving no effect to a statutory provision requiring the Home Secretary to have reasonable grounds
for a detention decision».
The biggest argument
for a more narrow interpretation of the Carter declaration is
judicial deference to Parliament to craft a constitutionally compliant mechanism, in particular because there are competing values of great importance.