The black line shows a proxy for local temperature (deuterium), the green line is nitrous oxide, the red line is CO2, the blue line is methane, and the gray line is a proxy
for land ice (low = more glaciers / larger ice caps).
So
for land ice, more snow falls on Antarctica, but the land ice mass is dropping due to increased calving rates.
Correcting this situation requires a predictive understanding of the processes responsible
for land ice loss.
The latter is especially true
for land ice (Antarctica and Greenland) because you have to wait for snowfall accumulation and conversion to ice.
«For California, there is no worse place
for land ice to be lost than from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet,» the study concluded.
Not exact matches
Days are spent tending to the over 125 fruit trees in the orchard, milking the goats
for homemade
ice cream and cheeses, gathering eggs from the chickens, ducks, and geese, and like Jefferson, creating special nurseries
for monitoring and recording the best vegetable and flower results and finding creative ways to use the river and
land.
Waqfs were established to furnish trousseaux
for orphan girls,
for paying the debts of imprisoned or bankrupt businessmen,
for clothing
for the aged, to help pay village and neighborhood taxes, to help the army and the navy, to found trade guilds, to give
land for public markets, to build lighthouses, to help orphans and widows and the destitute, to care
for the needs of poor school children and to give them picnics, to pay
for the funerals of the poor, to provide holiday gifts
for poor families, to build seaside cottages
for holidays
for the people, to distribute
ice - cold water during the summer, to create public playing fields, to distribute rice to birds, and to give food and water to animals.
We've been sleeping more than usual (I actually went to bed with Matthew at 7 pm earlier this week, waking only long enough to scarf down a tiny bowl of pasta
for dinner before drifting off to la - la -
land again), eating our collective weight in local
ice cream, and touring small, nearby towns in the afternoons before heading back to the cottage
for happy hour snack time.
I don't have a browned butter cookie in my collection (I do have an amazing browned butter
icing recipe, but that'll have to wait
for another post), so I turned to my favorite cookie recipe resource,
Land O Lakes.
I'm making your beet - chocolate cake
for the reception dessert, using eggs, honey, and beets from their
land, and a friend is making goat cheese
ice cream to go with it.
The sports facility, to be built on Park District - owned
land at Plainfield and Clarendon Hills Roads, would include an
ice rink, multipurpose room, indoor fieldhouse
for soccer or in - line hockey, concession area, pro shop and locker rooms.
In December of 1972 the vote went against the Park District's referendum to issue $ 2,550,000 in general obligation bonds
for park improvement and development including the construction of a fieldhouse at Dryden Park,
land acquisition, the construction of a north side maintenance garage, and the construction of an indoor
ice rink complex along with increasing the corporate tax rate by.025 %.
Researchers at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute's Darrin Freshwater Institute in Bolton
Landing have been studying the impact of water temperate and lake
ice for several years, said Sandra Nierzicki - Bauer, executive director.
A recent surge prompted the Erie Canal Harbor Development Corporation to push back a deadline
for bids on three
land parcels that are located south of the
Ice at Canalside.
False assumptions on starvation «Unless you've been living under a rock the last few decades, you're aware that Arctic Sea
ice is melting, and that this is potentially bad news
for polar bears,» she said, adding that until now, the prevailing belief has been that «energy from food on
land is largely inconsequential.»
For bulk water samples, these conditions are described as «no man's
land,» because
ice nucleates before such temperatures can be reached.
And researchers are not yet certain polar bears — which on
ice lie in wait
for, rather than chase after, prey — can do so on
land.
It has uniquely adapted
for life on a combination of
land, sea, and
ice and is now dependent on this combination.
«They are capable of existing on
land for part of the year, but the sea
ice is where they obtain their main prey.»
Circling the poles, the LRO will profile mineral abundances, scout potential
landing sites, and look
for water -
ice deposits, imaging the terrain to a resolution of three feet.
Yet when Scambos and his team had returned in November 2010 to repair the station, they found the Scar Inlet
ice shelf too crisscrossed with exposed crevasses
for their plane to
land.
What matters
for sea - level rise is the addition of
ice from
land into the ocean, however it's the
ice shelves that hold off the flow of grounded
ice toward the ocean.
For instance, when the Phoenix spacecraft
landed on Mars in 2008, it kicked up enough dust to reveal water
ice — a surprise to its builders, who hadn't thought that the lander's relatively weak rocket engines could have moved so much material.
It could scan Mars and map out subsurface pockets of water
ice and even assist in X-marking a safe and sound
landing zone
for astronauts where they can draw on water
for oxygen - sustaining needs as well as
for concocting rocket fuel.
For decades beforehand, researchers had debated the extent to which
ice shelves buttress glaciers on
land — acting like corks that slow the
land ice's inevitable march to the sea.
The material on Amazon forest dieback was in the IPCC assessment as were the numbers on recent sea level (thought the IPCC did not use the information on recent contributions from
land ice in their estimate
for 21st century warming.)
Already, more than 12 per cent of Earth's
ice - free
land is used continuously
for crops and 16 per cent
for livestock.
Steve: And another factor you mention in the article is 30 percent of the
land on the Earth that isn't covered with
ice is used
for grazing livestock and growing animal feed.
If you hunt on the
ice for seals, you look
for what's called «
land - fast
ice.»
«Right now, pregnant females foraging offshore in summer must wait up to a month longer than they did just 10 years ago
for new sea
ice to form so they can travel to denning areas on
land,» says Steve Amstrup of the USGS.
Lake Whillans had likely not seen the light of day
for hundreds of thousands of years, but Tulacyzk and the others who
landed that day intended to see what was under the
ice.
«Based on the UN climate panel's report on sea level rise, supplemented with an expert elicitation about the melting of the
ice sheets,
for example, how fast the
ice on Greenland and Antarctica will melt while considering the regional changes in the gravitational field and
land uplift, we have calculated how much the sea will rise in Northern Europe,» explains Aslak Grinsted.
Those very steep spots would not be good
landing sites
for humans or rovers, but they suggest that nearby regions might have accessible
ice within a meter or two of the surface.
During
ice ages, glaciers scour and cover large swaths of
land, wiping out plant communities
for millennia.
With Arctic sea
ice melting earlier and earlier, polar bears are being forced to change their diets, scouring dry
land for seabird eggs rather than enjoying their typical staple: seals.
MPL, launched in 1998, was to have
landed less than 600 miles (1,000 kilometers) from the planet's south pole to collect soil and
ice samples
for analysis and to gauge meteorological conditions.
Multiple observations indicate that the flowing water responsible
for shaping and moving the rounded pebbles encountered in the vicinity of the rover
landing area has long since been lost to space, though some of it may still exist deep below the surface of the planet at equatorial locations (water
ice is known to exist near the surface at the poles).
As their hunting behavior shifts from
ice to
land, the polar bears «have progressively arrived earlier and earlier to have access to more eggs,» says biologist Børge Moe, another principal author of the study who works at the Norwegian Institute
for Nature Research in Kongsfjorden, where seabird egg predation is just beginning to increase.
As Arctic sea
ice melts earlier each year, polar bears in some parts of Norway and Greenland are abandoning
ice floes
for dry
land and their favorite meal — seals —
for seabird eggs.
Other experts, though, say thinning
ice sheets on
land and calving
ice shelves on the sea are reasons
for alarm.
But the large volumes of data on Arctic sea and
land ice that IceBridge has collected during its nine years of operations there have also enabled scientific discoveries ranging from the first map showing what parts of the bottom of the massive Greenland Ice Sheet are thawed to improvements in snowfall accumulation models for all of Greenla
ice that IceBridge has collected during its nine years of operations there have also enabled scientific discoveries ranging from the first map showing what parts of the bottom of the massive Greenland
Ice Sheet are thawed to improvements in snowfall accumulation models for all of Greenla
Ice Sheet are thawed to improvements in snowfall accumulation models
for all of Greenland.
Having precise measurements of snow on sea
ice is essential for NASA's upcoming Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite - 2 (ICESat -
ice is essential
for NASA's upcoming
Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite - 2 (ICESat -
Ice, Cloud, and
land Elevation Satellite - 2 (ICESat - 2).
For the new study, researchers collected two
ice cores from Ellsworth
Land, the strip of land that connects the Antarctic Peninsula to the rest of the contin
Land, the strip of
land that connects the Antarctic Peninsula to the rest of the contin
land that connects the Antarctic Peninsula to the rest of the continent.
It's an «excellent preliminary study,» that could help mission controllers zero in on
landing sites
for future missions that feature, say, surface
ice of sufficient depth, says astrobiologist Andrew Steele of the Carnegie Institution in Washington, D.C..
Recent inspection of the sulfate records from the European project
for ice coring in Antarctica's dronning maud
land (EDML)
ice core reveals sulfate peaks that have been correlated to presumed YTT sulfate peaks in the North Greenland
ice core project (NGRIP) and GISP2
ice cores; however, once again no volcanic material has been identified (18).
«Based on the likely location of
ice deposits during this period of Mars» history, and the amount of meltwater that could have been produced by Lyot ejecta
landing on an
ice sheet, we think this is the most plausible scenario
for the formation of these valleys» said David Weiss, a recent Ph.D. graduate from Brown and the study's lead author.
Rapidly changing ecosystems are threatening wildlife and the indigenous populations that depend on it, while thawing
land and melting
ice are shortening shipping routes and opening up new areas
for development of fossil fuels and minerals.
The reason
for that, they suggest, is that instead of
landing directly on the surface, ejecta from Lyot
landed on a thick layer of
ice, which prevented it from gouging the surface beneath the
ice.
Current projections of global sea level rise do not account
for the complicated behavior of these giant
ice slabs as they interact with the atmosphere, the ocean and the
land.