The product that Karl used
for land temperature data hadn't finished that process.
Not exact matches
The average
temperature was 57.1 degrees F, up from the old record, in 1998, which
landed an average of 54.3 degrees F. «We had our fourth warmest winter (2011/2012) on record, our warmest spring, a very hot summer with the hottest month on record
for the nation (July 2012), and a warmer than average autumn,» Jake Crouch, a scientist at the National Climatic
Data Center, told NBC News.
The researchers analyzed
temperature records
for the years 1881 to 2013 from HadCRUT4, a widely used
data set
for land and sea locations compiled by the University of East Anglia and the U.K. Met Office.
We are already taking action by making
data and codes available, and we have led an international proposal
for a new global daily
land surface
temperature dataset, which has the backing of the World Meteorological Organization and has open access as its key element.
For their paper, published in Applied Geography, researchers at the Earth Institute at Columbia University and Battelle Memorial Institute studied air
temperature data from weather stations,
land surface
temperatures measured by satellites and socioeconomic
data.
A number of recent studies indicate that effects of urbanisation and
land use change on the
land - based
temperature record are negligible (0.006 ºC per decade) as far as hemispheric - and continental - scale averages are concerned because the very real but local effects are avoided or accounted
for in the
data sets used.
ASTER
data is used to create detailed maps of
land surface
temperature, reflectance, and elevation.ASTER captures high spatial resolution
data in 14 bands, from the visible to the thermal infrared wavelengths, and provides stereo viewing capability
for digital elevation model creation.
Global positioning satellites (GPS); remote sensing
for water, minerals, and crop and
land management; weather satellites, arms treaty verifications; high -
temperature, light - weight materials; revolutionary medical procedures and equipment; pagers, beepers, and television and internet to remote areas of the world; geographic information systems (GIS) and algorithms used to handle huge, complex
data sets; physiologic monitoring and miniaturization; atmospheric and ecological monitoring; and insight into our planet's geological history and future — the list goes on and on.
The «hump» during WW2 (which includes the subsequent cooling) is only in the SST
data and not the
land temperatures, so
for that I suspect there is still some uncorrected issues in the SST
data sets.
While
land surface observations go back hundreds of years in a few places,
data of sufficient coverage
for estimating global
temperature have been available only since the end of the 19th century.
For those not familiar with it, the purpose of Berkeley Earth was to create a new, independent compilation and assessment of global
land surface
temperature trends using new statistical methods and a wider range of source
data.
I made
temperature plots from the reanalysis 2 (NCEP / DOE)
data for the North Pole (actually a zonal mean at 88.5 ° N; there's no grid point at the pole) and
for the zonal means at 85 ° N, 81 ° N and 75 ° N (excluding
land and the last also excluding the always ice - free parts of the Atlantic).
From what I see from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) of
land temperatures and the Comprehensive Ocean - Atmosphere
Data Set (COADS) of SST data, temperatures there were higher around the 1930's than now, and there is not much long term warming trend, except for the past few ye
Data Set (COADS) of SST
data, temperatures there were higher around the 1930's than now, and there is not much long term warming trend, except for the past few ye
data,
temperatures there were higher around the 1930's than now, and there is not much long term warming trend, except
for the past few years.
If we had better sea level rise
data for the whole period, we might see that the heat storage curve into the ocean had a shape that better matched the simple function approximation than the
land surface
data does, or we might have better information on internal climate modes that confused or delayed the
temperature response.
The 2005 Jan - Sep
land data (which is adjusted
for urban biases) is higher than the previously warmest year (0.76 °C compared to the 1998 anomaly of 0.75 °C
for the same months, and a 0.71 °C anomaly
for the whole year), while the
land - ocean
temperature index (which includes sea surface
temperature data) is trailing slightly behind (0.58 °C compared to 0.60 °C Jan - Sep, 0.56 °C
for the whole of 1998).
«The average global
temperature anomaly
for combined
land and ocean surfaces
for July (based on preliminary
data) was 1.1 degrees F (0.6 degrees C) above the 1880 - 2004 long - term mean.
Our Berkeley Earth team had a similar experience with the thermometer
data for the Earth's average
land temperature.
The left - hand graph in Figure 6 presents the GISS
Land - Ocean
Temperature Index (LOTI)
data for the low - to - mid latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (0 - 65N).
So the infilled GISS
data, which extends out over the Arctic, would show the greater warming since the 1970s... until the warming stops
for Northern Hemisphere sea surface
temperatures and
for the low - to - mid latitude
land surface air
temperatures.
For it, the
land surface
temperature data was masked.
So
for us people with some engineering experience, that gives us an intuitive feel
for why
temperatures are hotter over
land than what is in the average SST
data.
So Australia's BOM
data and NZ's NIWA
data, both «adjusted» out of their cotton picking minds whether needed or not and generally butchered [and thats being polite,] around with until it bears little relationship with reality accounts
for at least one fifth and close to nearly one quarter of the total global
land surface
temperature data.
David, it would be more accurate to suggest that I thought satellite
temperature data ought to be preferred to
land and sea surface
temperatures,
for all sorts of good reasons explained in earlier essays.
According to
data from the reanalysis produced by the European Centre
for Medium - Range Weather Forecasts, the January to October combined
land and ocean global average
temperature would place 2014 as third or fourth highest
for this dataset, which runs from 1958.
Goddard Institute researchers used
temperature data from weather stations on
land, satellite measurements of sea ice
temperature since 1982 and
data from ships
for earlier years.
So, if we could reduce the ocean blip by, say 0.15 deg C, then this would be significant
for the global mean — but we'd still have to explain the
land blip...» — Dr. Tom Wigley, University Corporation
for Atmospheric Research, on adjusting global
temperature data, disclosed Climategate e-mail to Phil Jones, Sep. 28, 2008
The tiny, close - knit clique of climate scientists who invented and now drive the «global warming» fraud —
for fraud is what we now know it to be — tampered with
temperature data so assiduously that, on the recent admission of one of them,
land temperatures since 1980 have risen twice as fast as ocean
temperatures.
This allows you to construct your own version of the
temperature record, using either adjusted or unadjusted
data for both the
land and sea surface
temperatures.
I calculated this by using GISTemp to calculate
temperature anomalies
for grids around the world
for 1900 to 2010, using consecutively
land only
data, ocean only
data and combined
land & ocean
data.
This is
data linking
temperature with pollen count, how do we know that the increase of
temperature is not causing the increase in pollen count (increased
land available
for growth, longer growing seasons, etc)?
For the
data, the top graph includes the GISS
Land - Ocean
Temperature Index (LOTI), while the bottom graph includes the HadCRUT4 reconstruction from the UKMO.»
Any discussion on that webpage you linked... https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoring-references/faq/anomalies.php... regarding their preference
for anomalies has to do with
land surface, not sea surface,
temperatures, which is why their
land surface
temperature data and consequently their combined
land + ocean
data are presented as anomalies.
Both NASA GISS and NOAA NCEI use NOAA's ERSST.v4 «pause buster»
data for the ocean surface
temperature components of their combined
land - ocean surface
temperature datasets, and, today, both agencies are holding a multi-agency press conference to announce their «warmest ever» 2016 global surface
temperature findings.
The National Climatic
Data Center (NCDC), which is part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), has maintained global average monthly and annual records of combined
land and ocean surface
temperatures for more than 130 years.
With Russia accounting
for a large portion of the world's
land mass, incorrect
data there could affect the analysis of global
temperatures.
Apart from efforts in generating reliable
data products (
for example,
data assimilation), models need to be refined to incorporate key processes of drought such as
land - atmosphere interaction,
temperature, soil moisture, and human activities.
The
land based stations have had their temps «adjusted» to make it appear so, yet weather balloon and satelitte
data show there has been no rise in
temperatures for approximately the last 20 years.
The first thing to say is that if we had perfect
data, we would expect there to be consistency between SST, NMAT and
land temperatures for the simple reason that they are physically inter-related.
Of course the BEST
data didn't appear until 2011, and it's
for land (which is where over 99 % of humans live so it's more relevant to us than sea
temperature), but if it's at all reliable it would appear to be showing that 0.2 ºC / decade is way too low by nearly a factor of two!
Again you may go back to scientific papers of past decades when the issue of
land based observations was studied by the scientists as there was not yet much knowledge on the suitability of the available
data for calculating averages of the
temperature change.
Now the NOAA
data comes in and confirms the GISS
data, and shows the http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/2009/jun/global.html Global Highlights: Based on preliminary
data, the globally averaged combined
land and sea surface
temperature was the second warmest on record
for June and the January - June year - to - date tied with 2004 as the fifth warmest on record.
The main result of this study, that the influence of urban areas on the global
land temperature data set is very small, corroborates the consensus view among climate scientists, including,
for example, the recent paper by Souleymane Fall and others.
No such complete meta -
data are available, so in this analysis the same value
for urbanisation uncertainty is used as in the previous analysis [Folland et al., GRL 2001]; that is, a 1 sigma value of 0.0055 deg C / decade, starting in 1900... The same value is used over the whole
land surface, and it is one - sided: recent
temperatures may be too high due to urbanisation, but they will not be too low.
NOAA infills missing
data for both
land and sea surface
temperature datasets using methods presented in Smith et al (2008).
Introduction: The GISS
Land Ocean
Temperature Index (LOTI)
data is a product of the Goddard Institute
for Space Studies.
As far as the CO2 warming is concerned, it appears to be something of it in the N. Hemisphere's
land temperature data (we may speculate on number of reasons
for it), but I have found nothing whatsoever in the N. Atlantic sea surface
data.
Anyone who has followed WUWT through the years knows the gargantuous effort that has been put forth by both yourself and all of the gatherers of the Surface Stations survey
data and you all deserve a great gesture of appreciation
for carrying this to a proper and detailed summary of what has occurred to the
land surface
temperature records and adjustments by NOAA, NCDC, USHCN and the implications carried into the GHCN dataset used by all major datasets.
If verified, this
data would seem to put a dent in NOAA's scientific credibility, and in terms of
data, some of the basis
for determining U.S.
land temperature rises only.
As noted above, Cowtan and Way (followed by Hausfather) combined CMIP5 models
for TAS over
land and TOS over ocean,
for their comparison to HadCRUT4 and similar
temperature data.
The same should be true
for climate change we should evaluate the changes in
temperature (not anomalies) over time at the same stations and present the
data as a spaghetti graph showing any differing trends and not assume that regional or climates in gridded areas are the same — which they are not as is obvious from the climate zones that exist or microclimates due to changes in precipitation,
land use etc..