Bulkheads, sea walls and vertical structures with marginal structural complexity don't provide the same
habitat for marine organisms as natural shorelines, Gittman said.
These fragments can cause significant
issues for marine organisms that ingest them, including inflammation, reduced feeding and weight - loss.
Ocean acidification reduces carbonate ion saturation, making it
harder for marine organisms to produce the CaCO3 that they need to form their shells and frameworks.
In a recent study Anders Anderssons group showed that a population of Spartobacteria, which is abundant in the Baltic Sea, encodes a battery of enzymes for metabolizing complex carbohydrates, which is a quite rare
feature for marine organisms.
Physically formed by brown macroalgae, kelp forests provide a unique, three - dimensional habitat for marine organisms [4] and are a source for understanding many ecological processes.
Some of the spill response treatments proposed after Valdez were found to be more hazardous than
oil for marine organisms.
Scientists are concerned that ocean acidification — a gradual acidification of seawater — could have negative
consequences for marine organisms, marine food webs, and entire ecosystems.