Sentences with phrase «for measurement error»

This approach allows for the most likely class membership to be obtained from the posterior probabilities along with classification uncertainty; the most likely class membership variables can then be analyzed to include covariates while accounting for the measurement error in classification [45].

The model was expanded to included analysis of covariance within the structural equation modelling framework in order to correct for measurement error and adjusting for the imbalance in scores across the intervention and control group at the baseline.

When I simulated how many times would actually measured random value would be indeed true highest value (sd = 0.7 was 0.7 for value and 0.5 for a measurement error, both normally distributed), I've got the following results (Number of years, being highest percentage): 2, 0.801146 10, 0.532256 20, 0.46076 50, 0.384286 100, 0.338422 135, 0.32037 200, 0.30028 1000, 0.232482 10000, 0.165234 I am not sure, but can we conclude that 38 % likelihood was actually not that small?

The distribution for the measurement of carbon - 14 age has (we're assuming) the same standard deviation for every calendar year, so it's always that case that we get some particular carbon - 14 measurement that was «unlikely», since any particular value for the measurement error is unlikely.

Results reinforce the importance of accounting for measurement error, as it meaningfully increases effect size estimates associated with teacher attributes.

The state might follow the recommendations of analysts and use tests from multiple subjects and control for measurement error in their value - added calculations.

The research supports one conclusion: value - added scores for teachers of low - achieving students are underestimated, and value - added scores of teachers of high - achieving students are overestimated by models that control for only a few scores (or for only one score) on previous achievement tests without adjusting for measurement error.

They should control for multiple previous test scores and account for measurement error in those tests.

We also use information on the school's performance composite two years before the year to correct for measurement error in the school's previous - year performance.

Even with this methodology and controlling for measurement error and other variables, Krueger and Lindahl found that the effect of the change in schooling on growth did not always pass standard tests for a significant statistical relationship.

To correct the dietary questionnaire data for measurement errors, intake data were calibrated with standardized 24 - hour dietary recall interviews on administered to a random sample of 8 % of the cohort.

Not exact matches

In Facebook's case, the issue is complicated by the fact that the social network has repeatedly had to admit errors in its audience - measurement analytics, including over-estimating video views for more than two years.

One diplomat said the IAEA allows for a margin of error of 1 percentage point in such measurements, which means that Iran wasn't technically over the limit.

According to him, the error lies in assuming that one is dealing with the same set of possible spin - measurement results for the particles coming out one side of the apparatus described no matter what orientation one considers for the spin - measuring device (s) on the other side of the apparatus.

I wanted to let you know there were a couple of errors in the measurements for the Kale and Quinoa Salad because mom wrote the recipe from memory...

Successful baking means eliminating as much potential for error as possible, and that means making sure your measurements are exact.

A measurement from a fourth satellite helps compensate for potential errors.

However, because each of these measurements must be calibrated to account for natural variation in the environment over time, individual dates have large amounts of error and uncertainty, making them difficult to aggregate or interpret in groups.

The moon is too small for its core to have grown hot enough to churn and create a magnetic field, so researchers have attributed the magnetism to everything from asteroid impacts to measurement errors.

We can confirm this by doing statistics for a lot of measurements and calculate the statistical standard error of the mean, which in our case is 850 zeptoseconds.»

The AAIDD manual will include a section on the importance of considering measurement error, and will urge courts to correct IQ scores to account for the use of older tests.

«There is measurement error in any score,» says Edward Polloway of Lynchburg College in Virginia, co-chair of a task force on the death penalty for the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD).

There are several reasons for the variation, including whether courts take into account the measurement error inherent in IQ scores — the fact that an individual, tested repeatedly, would not achieve the same score every time, but rather a distribution of scores clustered around their «true» IQ.

Estimating the errors inherent in the kind of measurements used by Maciejewski and his co-authors is a tough thing to do, Bean says; if the actual errors in the data were larger than the researchers had accounted for, the variations in the observed transit times could vanish.

While there remain disparities among different tropospheric temperature trends estimated from satellite Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU and advanced MSU) measurements since 1979, and all likely still contain residual errors, estimates have been substantially improved (and data set differences reduced) through adjustments for issues of changing satellites, orbit decay and drift in local crossing time (i.e., diurnal cycle effects).

Group 1: Materials, Resonators, & Resonator Circuits A. Fundamental Properties of Materials B. Micro - and Macro-Fabrication Technology for Resonators and Filters C. Theory, Design, and Performance of Resonators and Filters, including BAW, FBAR, MEMS, NEMS, SAW, and others D. Reconfigurable Frequency Control Circuits, e.g., Arrays, Channelizers Group 2: Oscillators, Synthesizers, Noise, & Circuit Techniques A. Oscillators — BAW, MEMS, and SAW B. Oscillators - Microwave to Optical C. Heterogeneously Integrated Miniature Oscillators, e.g., Single - Chip D. Synthesizers, Multi-Resonator Oscillators, and Other Circuitry E. Noise Phenomena and Aging F. Measurements and Specifications G. Timing Error in Digital Systems and Applications Group 3: Microwave Frequency Standards A. Microwave Atomic Frequency Standards B. Atomic Clocks for Space Applications C. Miniature and Chip Scale Atomic Clocks and other instrumentation D. Fundamental Physics, Fundamental Constants, & Other Applications Group 4: Sensors & Transducers A. Resonant Chemical Sensors B. Resonant Physical Sensors C. Vibratory and Atomic Gyroscopes & Magnetometers D. BAW, SAW, FBAR, and MEMS Sensors E. Transducers F. Sensor Instrumentation Group 5: Timekeeping, Time and Frequency Transfer, GNSS Applications A. TAI and Time Scales, Time and Frequency Transfer, and Algorithms B. Satellite Navigation (Galileo, GPS,...) C.Telecommunications Network Synchronization, RF Fiber Frequency Distribution D. All - optical fiber frequency transfer E. Optical free - space frequency transfer F. Frequency and Time Distribution and Calibration Services Group 6: Optical Frequency Standards and Applications A. Optical Ion and Neutral Atom Clocks B. Optical Frequency Combs and Frequency Measurements C. Ultrastable Laser Sources and Optical Frequency Distribution D. Ultrastable Optical to Microwave Conversion E. Fundamental Physics, Fundamental Constants, and Other Applications

This is important because you might have to redefine a similarity between data points or you might have to correct for a slight measurement error in your data.

For these instruments, no single source of instrumental error is expected to set the overall measurement floor.

We don't know for sure if any change in resting metabolism is because of extra muscle, or whether it's due to measurement error.

Nondifferential misclassification because of random measurement errors, especially for VCAM - 1, may have attenuated the observed associations.

Each of the dietary factors were assessed based on two 24 - hour food recalls, and all dietary intake was adjusted for total calorie consumption to reduce measurement error.

Despite the measurement of key confounders in our analyses, the potential for residual confounding can not be ruled out, and although our food frequency questionnaire specified portion size, the assessment of diet using any method will have measurement error.

Moreover, the use of dietary questionnaires and self - reported weight measurement may have introduced measurement errors into this study and, although the researchers accounted for some key lifestyle factors that are likely to affect weight, individuals who increased their fruit and vegetable intake and lost weight may have shared other unknown characteristics that were actually responsible for their weight loss.

For example, if a student scores an 84 on a test that has a standard error of measurement of three, then his or her performance level could be as low as 81 or as high as 87.

Nevada has imposed steep penalties on Harcourt Educational Measurement for errors in administering statewide exams, and Georgia is poised to do the same, following scoring glitches typical of the kind that have plagued state - sponsored testing programs in recent years.

NWEA MAP produces a metric called the «standard error of measurement» (SEM) for every student test event based on many factors.

Accordingly, and also per the research, this is not getting much better in that, as per the authors of this article as well as many other scholars, (1) «the variance in value - added scores that can be attributed to teacher performance rarely exceeds 10 percent; (2) in many ways «gross» measurement errors that in many ways come, first, from the tests being used to calculate value - added; (3) the restricted ranges in teacher effectiveness scores also given these test scores and their limited stretch, and depth, and instructional insensitivity — this was also at the heart of a recent post whereas in what demonstrated that «the entire range from the 15th percentile of effectiveness to the 85th percentile of [teacher] effectiveness [using the EVAAS] cover [ed] approximately 3.5 raw score points [given the tests used to measure value - added];» (4) context or student, family, school, and community background effects that simply can not be controlled for, or factored out; (5) especially at the classroom / teacher level when students are not randomly assigned to classrooms (and teachers assigned to teach those classrooms)... although this will likely never happen for the sake of improving the sophistication and rigor of the value - added model over students» «best interests.»

For comparison, and to distinguish measurement error from true differences in teacher effectiveness, the authors ran similar correlations with randomly separated groups of students.

Estimates of the standard error of measurement for curriculum - based measures of oral reading fluency.

Inaccurate tests: Scores for an individual can vary greatly because even tests with high reliability can have substantial measurement error.

Observers committed to reducing error should consider multiple measurements for teacher evaluation.Yes, Evaluations Can Be Fair and Accurate In this month's ASCD, Robert Marzano discusses ways to minimize error and maximize accuracy and fairness when principals, coaches, or other administrators are conducting classroom observations.

The debate over the new systems has often centered on the frequent errors in what's known as value - added measurement, which can lead to effective teachers being misidentified as ineffective, and whether the potential problems for teachers outweigh the potential benefits for students.

Because some amount of error is expected with any measurement, statisticians developed the term Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) to account for small amounts of error in every reerror is expected with any measurement, statisticians developed the term Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) to account for small amounts of error in evmeasurement, statisticians developed the term Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) to account for small amounts of error in every reError of Measurement (SEM) to account for small amounts of error in evMeasurement (SEM) to account for small amounts of error in every reerror in every result.

If misalignment is noticed, it is not to be the fault of either measure (e.g., in terms of measurement error), it is to be the fault of the principal who is critiqued for inaccuracy, and therefore (inversely) incentivized to skew their observational data (the only data over which the supervisor has control) to artificially match VAM - based output.

If interested, see the Review of Article # 1 — the introduction to the special issue here; see the Review of Article # 2 — on VAMs» measurement errors, issues with retroactive revisions, and (more) problems with using standardized tests in VAMs here; see the Review of Article # 3 — on VAMs» potentials here; see the Review of Article # 4 — on observational systems» potentials here; see the Review of Article # 5 — on teachers» perceptions of observations and student growth here; see the Review of Article (Essay) # 6 — on VAMs as tools for «egg - crate» schools here; see the Review of Article (Commentary) # 7 — on VAMs situated in their appropriate ecologies here; and see the Review of Article # 8, Part I — on a more research - based assessment of VAMs» potentials here and Part II on «a modest solution» provided to us by Linda Darling - Hammond here.

The standard error of measurement (an indicator for measurement precision) shrinks as the test proceeds.

If interested, see the Review of Article # 1 — the introduction to the special issue here; see the Review of Article # 2 — on VAMs» measurement errors, issues with retroactive revisions, and (more) problems with using standardized tests in VAMs here; see the Review of Article # 3 — on VAMs» potentials here; see the Review of Article # 4 — on observational systems» potentials here; see the Review of Article # 5 — on teachers» perceptions of observations and student growth here; see the Review of Article (Essay) # 6 — on VAMs as tools for «egg - crate» schools here; and see the Review of Article (Commentary) # 7 — on VAMs situated in their appropriate ecologies here; and see the Review of Article # 8, Part I — on a more research - based assessment of VAMs» potentials here.

Covariate measurement error correction for student growth percentiles using the simex method.

Thus, scores for students with disabilities tend to have larger measurement errors; they deviate more from the students» true level of achievement than do the scores of other students.

From the intro, «An error by contractor SAS Institute Inc. forced the state to withdraw some key teacher performance measurements that it had posted online for teachers to review.