Sentences with phrase «for measuring school quality»

Under ESSA, in its recent draft proposal, New Jersey has included chronic absenteeism as a benchmark for its accountability system for measuring school quality, climate and safety.

In a column on The 74, New America's Conor Williams discusses Florida's ESSA plan — and how the state is «proposing to leave ELLs» progress toward proficiency out of the state's system for measuring school quality.»

A frequent metric, however misguided, for measuring school quality is the amount of money a district spends per pupil annually.

Not exact matches

The school data used for the ranking by the FT measures such several factors that have little, if anything, to do with the actual quality of the education received by graduates.

The spending measure, which requires legislative approval, also includes $ 1.1 billion in new school spending; $ 2.5 billion for water quality and water and sewer upgrades; expanded child care tax credits; and new powers for Cuomo, a Democrat, to adjust state spending in the face of federal spending cuts.

Researchers from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, in partnership with ORGANIZE — a non-for-profit organization based in New York which leverages health data to end the organ donor shortage by applying smarter technologies, utilizing social media, building more creative partnerships, and advocating for data - driven policies — The Bridgespan Group — a global nonprofit organization that collaborates with mission - driven leaders, organizations, and philanthropists to break cycles of poverty and dramatically improve the quality of life for those in need — and Gift of Life Donor Program — an OPO which serves the eastern half of Pennsylvania, southern New Jersey, and Delaware — evaluated the metrics and criteria used to measure OPOs across the country, and found significant discrepancies in how potential donors are evaluated and identified.

But administrative targets for enrollment rates and overwrought rhetoric from international commissions, as well as more measured alarms about school quality, do not in themselves create the incentive to grow.

We met with three hundred charter leaders around the state to learn more about what could be done, and then built goals and objectives for the California charter schools movement by first providing insurance, cash - flow financing, and other resources to schools willing to focus on academic quality (measured in many different ways).

Acknowledging that some of the measures it uses to judge the quality of K12 schools are «inadequate or inappropriate,» the report calls for states to develop new and better instruments.

For the first part of his dissertation, Muralidharan surveyed a representative sample of more than 3,000 public schools across India to measure the quality of public service delivery in education.

The measures used in the NEPC report — whether schools make AYP, state accountability system ratings, the percentage of students that score proficient on state tests, and high - school graduation rates — are at best rough proxies for the quality of education provided by any school.

But as we turn to new measures of school quality including production of college and career ready students there is new space for advocates to research and promote the benefits of school counselors.

For youth in the high - risk group, the gain as measured by these quality indicators is roughly equivalent to moving from one of the lowest - ranked schools to one around the district average.

«College and Career Ready» indicators: Many states already include AP, IB, ACT, and SAT achievement in their high school rating systems, and we heartily endorse all of these of these measures, especially those tied to achievement on AP / IB tests, which are precisely the sort of high - quality assessments that critics of dumbed - down standardized tests have long called for.

Such measures are visible in i3, school improvement, and the Obama administration's gainful employment proposal — making it hard for even high - quality for - profits to compete on a level field.

While grades on the Chance - for - Success Index are sometimes interpreted as measures of school quality, researchers from CREDO found that the grades are closely related to measures of family income and the level of education achieved by parents in a state, and do not represent the contribution of a state's schools to the success of its youngsters.

The quality of our public schools has been measured in innumerable ways, and stakeholders may draw on any number of sources for rankings to support a particular agenda.

Attitudes: support for diversity (racial integration), a perception of inequity (that the public schools provide a lower quality education for low - income and minority kids), support for voluntary prayer in the schools, support for greater parent influence, desire for smaller schools, belief in what I call the «public school ideology» (which measures a normative attachment to public schooling and its ideals), a belief in markets (that choice and competition are likely to make schools more effective), and a concern that moral values are poorly taught in the public schools.

These «externalities» that make everyone better off provide still another reason for taking measures that will enhance the quality - not just the quantity - of schooling.

I construct two measures of school quality — student perceptions of teacher practices and parent satisfaction — using data from the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE), a major survey supported by the Department for Education.

My first set of results demonstrates that inspector ratings are correlated with student - and parent - reported measures of school quality, even after controlling for test - score results and other school characteristics.

This interpretation of the law requires a minimum of 8 different indicators (math achievement scores, reading achievement scores, another academic indicator, and a school quality or student success indicator, plus participation rate for each of these four measures).

It was reported that you opposed efforts to beef up quality - control measures for Michigan's charter schools.

While greater accountability has been welcomed for its role in helping to drive up quality, it can make it harder to recruit Principals both for schools in special measures and those given an outstanding grade before Ofsted changed its criteria.

REVIEW: Water Science for Schools examines a wealth of water topics such as water properties, how much water is there on earth and where, how water quality and stream flow are measured, the water and water - use cycles, national maps showing how water is used by state, surface and ground water, pesticides in ground water, aquifers, and glaciers and icecaps.

Even if we thought test score levels or the imaginary future of VAM were good enough for PMs to manage the quality of their portfolio, the heavy reliance on those measures distorts schools in ways that are educationally harmful.

I'm going to focus on the final two posts, in which Greene argues that student achievement tests are poor proxies for school quality and that they're not correlated with other measures of quality.

Considering the fact that school buildings need to be fit for purpose in order for staff to deliver quality and innovative teaching, he looks at the case of the first school built under the PSBP, which he notes as of December 2014, is still in Special Measures.

The report recommends various measures to help close the achievement gap, including: more investment in early years education; ensuring all schools have access to good examples of top quality teaching and leadership; good careers guidance for all pupils; extra support for teachers, such as a mortgage deposit scheme to help high - performing school staff get on the housing ladder; and promoting and measuring character development, wellbeing and mental health in schools.

More important, however, is the larger implication I take from Mr. Bedrick's thesis: that private school choice advocates in America, Mr. Bedrick among them, have failed to establish a coherent, prevailing belief system about the role of private schools in providing an education of measured quality, at scale, for the nation's most disadvantaged youth.

«Australia is investing record funding in education that will continue to grow, all targeted based on need, and the Turnbull Government is focused on improving student outcomes through measures we know are effective — teacher quality, a better curriculum, greater parental engagement and support for principals to make local decisions about their local school,» he said.

Holding schools accountable for student attendance is ramping up under the Every Student Succeeds Act, as most states so far intend to use some measure of attendance (or absence) as an indicator of school quality.

Texas's Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) plan counts the College, Career, and Military Readiness indicator as 40 % of the School Quality and Student Success (SQSS) measure for high schools.

Annually measures, for all students and separately for each subgroup of students, the following indicators: Academic achievement (which, for high schools, may include a measure of student growth, at the State's discretion); for elementary and middle schools, a measure of student growth, if determined appropriate by the State, or another valid and reliable statewide academic indicator; for high schools, the four - year adjusted cohort graduation rate and, at the State's discretion, the extended - year adjusted cohort graduation rate; progress in achieving English language proficiency for English learners; and at least one valid, reliable, comparable, statewide indicator of school quality or student success; and

For example, there are still legitimate debates over whether the state government or independent schools should make final decisions about the measures used to define school quality and the credentials teachers should possess.

Pay Teachers More and Reach All Students with Excellence — Aug 30, 2012 District RTTT — Meet the Absolute Priority for Great - Teacher Access — Aug 14, 2012 Pay Teachers More — Within Budget, Without Class - Size Increases — Jul 24, 2012 Building Support for Breakthrough Schools — Jul 10, 2012 New Toolkit: Expand the Impact of Excellent Teachers — Selection, Development, and More — May 31, 2012 New Teacher Career Paths: Financially Sustainable Advancement — May 17, 2012 Charlotte, N.C.'s Project L.I.F.T. to be Initial Opportunity Culture Site — May 10, 2012 10 Financially Sustainable Models to Reach More Students with Excellence — May 01, 2012 Excellent Teaching Within Budget: New Infographic and Website — Apr 17, 2012 Incubating Great New Schools — Mar 15, 2012 Public Impact Releases Models to Extend Reach of Top Teachers, Seeks Sites — Dec 14, 2011 New Report: Teachers in the Age of Digital Instruction — Nov 17, 2011 City - Based Charter Strategies: New White Papers and Webinar from Public Impact — Oct 25, 2011 How to Reach Every Child with Top Teachers (Really)-- Oct 11, 2011 Charter Philanthropy in Four Cities — Aug 04, 2011 School Turnaround Leaders: New Ideas about How to Find More of Them — Jul 21, 2011 Fixing Failing Schools: Building Family and Community Demand for Dramatic Change — May 17, 2011 New Resources to Boost School Turnaround Success — May 10, 2011 New Report on Making Teacher Tenure Meaningful — Mar 15, 2011 Going Exponential: Growing the Charter School Sector's Best — Feb 17, 2011 New Reports and Upcoming Release Event — Feb 10, 2011 Picky Parent Guide — Nov 17, 2010 Measuring Teacher and Leader Performance: Cross-Sector Lessons for Excellent Evaluations — Nov 02, 2010 New Teacher Quality Publication from the Joyce Foundation — Sept 27, 2010 Charter School Research from Public Impact — Jul 13, 2010 Lessons from Singapore & Shooting for Stars — Jun 17, 2010 Opportunity at the Top — Jun 02, 2010 Public Impact's latest on Education Reform Topics — Dec 02, 2009 3X for All: Extending the Reach of Education's Best — Oct 23, 2009 New Research on Dramatically Improving Failing Schools — Oct 06, 2009 Try, Try Again to Fix Failing Schools — Sep 09, 2009 Innovation in Education and Charter Philanthropy — Jun 24, 2009 Reconnecting Youth and Designing PD That Works — May 29.

Academic Gains, Double the # of Schools: Opportunity Culture 2017 — 18 — March 8, 2018 Opportunity Culture Spring 2018 Newsletter: Tools & Info You Need Now — March 1, 2018 Brookings - AIR Study Finds Large Academic Gains in Opportunity Culture — January 11, 2018 Days in the Life: The Work of a Successful Multi-Classroom Leader — November 30, 2017 Opportunity Culture Newsletter: Tools & Info You Need Now — November 16, 2017 Opportunity Culture Tools for Back to School — Instructional Leadership & Excellence — August 31, 2017 Opportunity Culture + Summit Learning: North Little Rock Pilots Arkansas Plan — July 11, 2017 Advanced Teaching Roles: Guideposts for Excellence at Scale — June 13, 2017 How to Lead & Achieve Instructional Excellence — June 6, 201 Vance County Becomes 18th Site in National Opportunity Culture Initiative — February 2, 2017 How 2 Pioneering Blended - Learning Teachers Extended Their Reach — January 24, 2017 Betting on a Brighter Charter School Future for Nevada Students — January 18, 2017 Edgecombe County, NC, Joining Opportunity Culture Initiative to Focus on Great Teaching — January 11, 2017 Start 2017 with Free Tools to Lead Teaching Teams, Turnaround Schools — January 5, 2017 Higher Growth, Teacher Pay and Support: Opportunity Culture Results 2016 — 17 — December 20, 2016 Phoenix - area Districts to Use Opportunity Culture to Extend Great Teachers» Reach — October 5, 2016 Doubled Odds of Higher Growth: N.C. Opportunity Culture Schools Beat State Rates — September 14, 2016 Fresh Ideas for ESSA Excellence: Four Opportunities for State Leaders — July 29, 2016 High - need, San Antonio - area District Joins Opportunity Culture — July 19, 2016 Universal, Paid Residencies for Teacher & Principal Hopefuls — Within School Budgets — June 21, 2016 How to Lead Empowered Teacher - Leaders: Tools for Principals — June 9, 2016 What 4 Pioneering Teacher - Leaders Did to Lead Teaching Teams — June 2, 2016 Speaking Up: a Year's Worth of Opportunity Culture Voices — May 26, 2016 Increase the Success of School Restarts with New Guide — May 17, 2016 Georgia Schools Join Movement to Extend Great Teachers» Reach — May 13, 2016 Measuring Turnaround Success: New Report Explores Options — May 5, 2016 Every School Can Have a Great Principal: A Fresh Vision For How — April 21, 2016 Learning from Tennessee: Growing High - Quality Charter Schools — April 15, 2016 School Turnarounds: How Successful Principals Use Teacher Leadership — March 17, 2016 Where Is Teaching Really Differefor Back to School — Instructional Leadership & Excellence — August 31, 2017 Opportunity Culture + Summit Learning: North Little Rock Pilots Arkansas Plan — July 11, 2017 Advanced Teaching Roles: Guideposts for Excellence at Scale — June 13, 2017 How to Lead & Achieve Instructional Excellence — June 6, 201 Vance County Becomes 18th Site in National Opportunity Culture Initiative — February 2, 2017 How 2 Pioneering Blended - Learning Teachers Extended Their Reach — January 24, 2017 Betting on a Brighter Charter School Future for Nevada Students — January 18, 2017 Edgecombe County, NC, Joining Opportunity Culture Initiative to Focus on Great Teaching — January 11, 2017 Start 2017 with Free Tools to Lead Teaching Teams, Turnaround Schools — January 5, 2017 Higher Growth, Teacher Pay and Support: Opportunity Culture Results 2016 — 17 — December 20, 2016 Phoenix - area Districts to Use Opportunity Culture to Extend Great Teachers» Reach — October 5, 2016 Doubled Odds of Higher Growth: N.C. Opportunity Culture Schools Beat State Rates — September 14, 2016 Fresh Ideas for ESSA Excellence: Four Opportunities for State Leaders — July 29, 2016 High - need, San Antonio - area District Joins Opportunity Culture — July 19, 2016 Universal, Paid Residencies for Teacher & Principal Hopefuls — Within School Budgets — June 21, 2016 How to Lead Empowered Teacher - Leaders: Tools for Principals — June 9, 2016 What 4 Pioneering Teacher - Leaders Did to Lead Teaching Teams — June 2, 2016 Speaking Up: a Year's Worth of Opportunity Culture Voices — May 26, 2016 Increase the Success of School Restarts with New Guide — May 17, 2016 Georgia Schools Join Movement to Extend Great Teachers» Reach — May 13, 2016 Measuring Turnaround Success: New Report Explores Options — May 5, 2016 Every School Can Have a Great Principal: A Fresh Vision For How — April 21, 2016 Learning from Tennessee: Growing High - Quality Charter Schools — April 15, 2016 School Turnarounds: How Successful Principals Use Teacher Leadership — March 17, 2016 Where Is Teaching Really Differefor Excellence at Scale — June 13, 2017 How to Lead & Achieve Instructional Excellence — June 6, 201 Vance County Becomes 18th Site in National Opportunity Culture Initiative — February 2, 2017 How 2 Pioneering Blended - Learning Teachers Extended Their Reach — January 24, 2017 Betting on a Brighter Charter School Future for Nevada Students — January 18, 2017 Edgecombe County, NC, Joining Opportunity Culture Initiative to Focus on Great Teaching — January 11, 2017 Start 2017 with Free Tools to Lead Teaching Teams, Turnaround Schools — January 5, 2017 Higher Growth, Teacher Pay and Support: Opportunity Culture Results 2016 — 17 — December 20, 2016 Phoenix - area Districts to Use Opportunity Culture to Extend Great Teachers» Reach — October 5, 2016 Doubled Odds of Higher Growth: N.C. Opportunity Culture Schools Beat State Rates — September 14, 2016 Fresh Ideas for ESSA Excellence: Four Opportunities for State Leaders — July 29, 2016 High - need, San Antonio - area District Joins Opportunity Culture — July 19, 2016 Universal, Paid Residencies for Teacher & Principal Hopefuls — Within School Budgets — June 21, 2016 How to Lead Empowered Teacher - Leaders: Tools for Principals — June 9, 2016 What 4 Pioneering Teacher - Leaders Did to Lead Teaching Teams — June 2, 2016 Speaking Up: a Year's Worth of Opportunity Culture Voices — May 26, 2016 Increase the Success of School Restarts with New Guide — May 17, 2016 Georgia Schools Join Movement to Extend Great Teachers» Reach — May 13, 2016 Measuring Turnaround Success: New Report Explores Options — May 5, 2016 Every School Can Have a Great Principal: A Fresh Vision For How — April 21, 2016 Learning from Tennessee: Growing High - Quality Charter Schools — April 15, 2016 School Turnarounds: How Successful Principals Use Teacher Leadership — March 17, 2016 Where Is Teaching Really Differefor Nevada Students — January 18, 2017 Edgecombe County, NC, Joining Opportunity Culture Initiative to Focus on Great Teaching — January 11, 2017 Start 2017 with Free Tools to Lead Teaching Teams, Turnaround Schools — January 5, 2017 Higher Growth, Teacher Pay and Support: Opportunity Culture Results 2016 — 17 — December 20, 2016 Phoenix - area Districts to Use Opportunity Culture to Extend Great Teachers» Reach — October 5, 2016 Doubled Odds of Higher Growth: N.C. Opportunity Culture Schools Beat State Rates — September 14, 2016 Fresh Ideas for ESSA Excellence: Four Opportunities for State Leaders — July 29, 2016 High - need, San Antonio - area District Joins Opportunity Culture — July 19, 2016 Universal, Paid Residencies for Teacher & Principal Hopefuls — Within School Budgets — June 21, 2016 How to Lead Empowered Teacher - Leaders: Tools for Principals — June 9, 2016 What 4 Pioneering Teacher - Leaders Did to Lead Teaching Teams — June 2, 2016 Speaking Up: a Year's Worth of Opportunity Culture Voices — May 26, 2016 Increase the Success of School Restarts with New Guide — May 17, 2016 Georgia Schools Join Movement to Extend Great Teachers» Reach — May 13, 2016 Measuring Turnaround Success: New Report Explores Options — May 5, 2016 Every School Can Have a Great Principal: A Fresh Vision For How — April 21, 2016 Learning from Tennessee: Growing High - Quality Charter Schools — April 15, 2016 School Turnarounds: How Successful Principals Use Teacher Leadership — March 17, 2016 Where Is Teaching Really Differefor ESSA Excellence: Four Opportunities for State Leaders — July 29, 2016 High - need, San Antonio - area District Joins Opportunity Culture — July 19, 2016 Universal, Paid Residencies for Teacher & Principal Hopefuls — Within School Budgets — June 21, 2016 How to Lead Empowered Teacher - Leaders: Tools for Principals — June 9, 2016 What 4 Pioneering Teacher - Leaders Did to Lead Teaching Teams — June 2, 2016 Speaking Up: a Year's Worth of Opportunity Culture Voices — May 26, 2016 Increase the Success of School Restarts with New Guide — May 17, 2016 Georgia Schools Join Movement to Extend Great Teachers» Reach — May 13, 2016 Measuring Turnaround Success: New Report Explores Options — May 5, 2016 Every School Can Have a Great Principal: A Fresh Vision For How — April 21, 2016 Learning from Tennessee: Growing High - Quality Charter Schools — April 15, 2016 School Turnarounds: How Successful Principals Use Teacher Leadership — March 17, 2016 Where Is Teaching Really Differefor State Leaders — July 29, 2016 High - need, San Antonio - area District Joins Opportunity Culture — July 19, 2016 Universal, Paid Residencies for Teacher & Principal Hopefuls — Within School Budgets — June 21, 2016 How to Lead Empowered Teacher - Leaders: Tools for Principals — June 9, 2016 What 4 Pioneering Teacher - Leaders Did to Lead Teaching Teams — June 2, 2016 Speaking Up: a Year's Worth of Opportunity Culture Voices — May 26, 2016 Increase the Success of School Restarts with New Guide — May 17, 2016 Georgia Schools Join Movement to Extend Great Teachers» Reach — May 13, 2016 Measuring Turnaround Success: New Report Explores Options — May 5, 2016 Every School Can Have a Great Principal: A Fresh Vision For How — April 21, 2016 Learning from Tennessee: Growing High - Quality Charter Schools — April 15, 2016 School Turnarounds: How Successful Principals Use Teacher Leadership — March 17, 2016 Where Is Teaching Really Differefor Teacher & Principal Hopefuls — Within School Budgets — June 21, 2016 How to Lead Empowered Teacher - Leaders: Tools for Principals — June 9, 2016 What 4 Pioneering Teacher - Leaders Did to Lead Teaching Teams — June 2, 2016 Speaking Up: a Year's Worth of Opportunity Culture Voices — May 26, 2016 Increase the Success of School Restarts with New Guide — May 17, 2016 Georgia Schools Join Movement to Extend Great Teachers» Reach — May 13, 2016 Measuring Turnaround Success: New Report Explores Options — May 5, 2016 Every School Can Have a Great Principal: A Fresh Vision For How — April 21, 2016 Learning from Tennessee: Growing High - Quality Charter Schools — April 15, 2016 School Turnarounds: How Successful Principals Use Teacher Leadership — March 17, 2016 Where Is Teaching Really Differefor Principals — June 9, 2016 What 4 Pioneering Teacher - Leaders Did to Lead Teaching Teams — June 2, 2016 Speaking Up: a Year's Worth of Opportunity Culture Voices — May 26, 2016 Increase the Success of School Restarts with New Guide — May 17, 2016 Georgia Schools Join Movement to Extend Great Teachers» Reach — May 13, 2016 Measuring Turnaround Success: New Report Explores Options — May 5, 2016 Every School Can Have a Great Principal: A Fresh Vision For How — April 21, 2016 Learning from Tennessee: Growing High - Quality Charter Schools — April 15, 2016 School Turnarounds: How Successful Principals Use Teacher Leadership — March 17, 2016 Where Is Teaching Really DiffereFor How — April 21, 2016 Learning from Tennessee: Growing High - Quality Charter Schools — April 15, 2016 School Turnarounds: How Successful Principals Use Teacher Leadership — March 17, 2016 Where Is Teaching Really Different?

Performance Contracting A quality authorizer executes contracts with charter schools that articulate the rights and responsibilities of each party regarding school autonomy, funding, administration and oversight, outcomes, measures for evaluating success or failure, performance consequences, and other material terms.

There's also talk by states» rights advocates of no longer requiring annual testing by states, which would deny parents and educators valuable information about whether students are on track, reduce the ability to measure and improve teacher quality, and make it harder for administrators to know how schools are doing and when they need to intervene.

They show that 1) Different academic indicators measure very different aspects of school performance, suggesting that states should be allowed and encouraged to make full use of multiple measures to identify schools in the way they see fit instead of reporting a summative rating; 2) The ESSA regulations effectively restrict the weighting of the non-academic «School Quality and Student Success» indicators to zero, which is not in the spirit of the expanded measurement; and 3) The majority of schools will be identified for targeted support under the current regulations, suggesting the need for a clarification in federal pschool performance, suggesting that states should be allowed and encouraged to make full use of multiple measures to identify schools in the way they see fit instead of reporting a summative rating; 2) The ESSA regulations effectively restrict the weighting of the non-academic «School Quality and Student Success» indicators to zero, which is not in the spirit of the expanded measurement; and 3) The majority of schools will be identified for targeted support under the current regulations, suggesting the need for a clarification in federal pSchool Quality and Student Success» indicators to zero, which is not in the spirit of the expanded measurement; and 3) The majority of schools will be identified for targeted support under the current regulations, suggesting the need for a clarification in federal policy.

New York's Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) plan builds on this long - standing work and includes the College, Career, and Civic Readiness Index as part of the School Quality and Student Success (SQSS) measure for high schools.

Accordingly, some indicators that are appropriate measures of performance for comprehensive high schools can not accurately measure the quality of educational programs at alternative schools.

In addition, the law creates flexibility for state and local leaders to think creatively — beyond just test scores and graduation rates — about how to measure school quality.

In Michigan, for instance, the new chief state school officer recently replaced the test - focused accountability system with a new grading system that relies on a broader set of measures of school quality, including family involvement, the quality of professional development, attendance, and dropout rates, among others.

And that brings us to those unanswered questions: Can the charter - school movement grow to sufficient scale for long - term political sustainability if we continue to use «quality» — as measured by such factors as test scores — as the sole indicator of a successful school?

For instance, in EEOS, school quality is measured by variables like teachers» years of experience that are much coarser (and different) than what a parent observes when she interacts with her child's teacher, principal, and school.

Getting those measures right, and shining a bright light on them for education leaders, policymakers, and parents is crucial for forward movement in school quality.

Whether the measure is graduation rates, improved instructional quality, last year's improvement in the lowest - performing schools targeted for special intervention, a nation - leading new collective - bargaining agreement, the addition of many new high - quality public schools, increased parental choice, or a material increase in the proportion of effective teachers, the arrow is pointed decidedly up in Newark.

Under the NCLB Extended approach, embraced by many on the education reform / civil rights Left, achievement would continue to be measured by proficiency rates alone (with rising annual goals for what is good enough); growth data would be used sparingly and / or focused on «growth to proficiency»; «other indicators of student success or school quality» would be minimized; and evidence of achievement gaps would sink schools» ratings significantly.

At the same time, proficiency rates are the only quality measure available for a national sample of schools.