Sentences with phrase «for microtubules»

Another post-translational modification of detyrosinated alpha tubulin is C - terminal polyglutamylation which is characteristic for microtubules in neuronal cells and the mitotic spindle.

But the laws of quantum mechanics allow for electrons to be both «left» and «right» at the same time, and thus for the microtubules to be both elongated and squashed at once.

With cryo - EM and their image analysis methodology, they achieved a resolution of 3.5 Angstroms, a record for microtubules.

The dynamic instability that makes it possible for microtubules to transition from a rigid polymerized or «assembled» nucleotide state to a flexible depolymerized or «disassembled» nucleotide state is driven by guanosine triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis in the microtubule lattice.

Monte Carlo simulations with up to 1,000 blocks, a realistic size for a microtubule, confirmed the results of their calculations with smaller systems, Kolomeisky said.

Amo1 is not required for the microtubule loading of several factors affecting microtubule dynamics, and does not seem to be required for nuclear pore function.

Not exact matches

The altered movement of the microtubules apparently contributes to errors in chromosome segregation, and so represents a new explanation for age - related infertility,» stated CRCHUM researcher and Université de Montréal professor Greg FitzHarris.

They hold onto it, trying to put it back onto microtubules, rather than sending it for degradation.

Thus, interphase microtubules in the fission yeast require motor activities for their proper organization.

This unique organization of tubulin is preserved among all living plant and animal cells, because it is essential for way in which microtubules assemble, Al - Bassam said.

A group of LMU physicists led by Professor Erwin Frey, in collaboration with Professor Stefan Diez (Technical University of Dresden and Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden), has now developed a model in which the motor proteins that are responsible for the transport of cargo along protofilaments also serve to regulate microtubule lengths.

«A better understanding of how microtubule dynamic instability is regulated could open new opportunities for improving the potency and selectivity of existing anti-cancer drugs, as well as facilitate the development of novel agents,» Nogales says.

The findings suggest that these previously unknown microtubule structures provide a «roadway» for the transport of mitochondria crucial to maintain energy supplies into the synaptic terminals of these highly active neurons associated with vision.

Through a combination of high - resolution cryo - electron microscopy (cryo - EM) and a unique methodology for image analysis, a team of researchers with Berkeley Lab and the University of California (UC) Berkeley has produced an atomic view of microtubules that enabled them to identify the crucial role played by a family of end - binding (EB) proteins in regulating microtubule dynamic instability.

For chromosome migration to occur, the microtubules attached to them must disassemble, carrying the chromosomes in the process.

«Microtubule «roadway» in the retina helps provide energy for vision.»

For example, there are an abundance of microtubules — proteins that build the cellular cytoskeleton — surrounding its protective cage.

Microtubules even come into play on the outside of cells, forming into cilia and flagella that allow for cell movement.

For Hudetz, the key going forward is testing whether molecular events inside microtubules actually relate to the quantum events as Hameroff proposes.

Members of the kinesin superfamily of motor proteins are essential for mitotic and meiotic spindle organization, chromosome segregation, organelle and vesicle transport, and many other processes that require microtubule - based transport.

A scaffold made of microtubules is crucial for pulling the duplicated halves of the chromosome apart and directing them to each of the new daughter cells.

It is key for positioning the formation of individual microtubules in plant cells and also important for the organization and function of plant cell skeletons overall, beyond just the division process.

Before the cell can use microtubules for these and other essential functions, it must first organize them into carefully crafted bundles, which become the basis for three dimensional shapes.

When for the protein does not bind properly to the microtubules that form the cell's structure, it has a tendency to clump together, she explained, forming insoluble fibers in the neuron.

Responsible for the assembly of microtubules in a cell, a protein called tau plays a large role in the structure of the neurons, as well as their function.

Microtubules are a critical component of the cytoskeleton, vital for cell division and, because of that, an excellent target for chemotherapy drugs.

The EB family of proteins helps regulate this process and can act as a scaffold for other proteins involved in pushing the microtubule chain forward.

Yao and Xia say their technique has already revealed a surprisingly critical role for a previously uncharacterized EB1 linker region in tracking microtubule plus - ends in live cells.

Microtubules, which can be stable for minutes or even hours, were a good first target, Kolomeisky said, because many experimentalists saw their growth, stability and dissolution as a one - way process and were hard - pressed to explain signs of shrinking along the way.

Professor Cross said: «It has been known for some time that a team of proteins called TOGs sits on the tip of the growing microtubule track and works like a team of tiny railway workers to rapidly lay the new microtubule track.

For example, the NuMA protein experienced less friction when being moved toward the minus end of the microtubule than when being moved toward the plus end, while the EB1 protein showed the opposite, a preference for the plus eFor example, the NuMA protein experienced less friction when being moved toward the minus end of the microtubule than when being moved toward the plus end, while the EB1 protein showed the opposite, a preference for the plus efor the plus end.

«This microtubule code has been suspected to exist for many years but it had never been possible to see what it is good for in such a clear way,» Helder Maiato says.

The team at Leeds, working within the world - leading Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, combined purified microtubules with purified dynein motors and added the chemical fuel ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to power the motor.

By revealing how microtubule growth is catalysed, the WMS team expect their work to throw new light on the workings of a number of human diseases (for example, bowel cancer) linked to abnormalities in TOG - TACC function.

The microtubule tracks are vital for functions such as cell division and are a key target for key cancer drugs.

«This fills in a major missing piece, because for the first time we can understand how microtubule filaments can be linked together and slide past each other,» he said.

In addition to microtubules, there are many biological polymers that are actively moving in cells; for example, DNA while it is being replicated or repaired.

While reaching for their stationary state, which can take as little as 10 seconds, microtubules are in constant flux — either in a state of «catastrophe» (shrinking) or «rescue» (growing)-- until they are capped.

Smith, for example, recently found that the anticancer drug taxol can stabilize the microtubules in neurons, protecting them from catastrophic disassembly after a sharp shock.

Originally identified as a protein essential for mitosis in fungi, kinesin - 5 was first purified about 20 years ago by Scholey's lab who found that it is unusual because it has motor units at both ends, allowing it to link two microtubules and walk them past each other.

Within the neurons, the research team was looking for deficits in the activity of microtubules, hollow cylinders that act as the cell's conveyor belt, which the investigators believe might go awry in Gulf War Illness patients.

Microtubules (roads made of proteins) extend throughout a cell for motor proteins (carriers) to deliver neuronal cargo packed with many kinds of materials required for life activity.

For example, the protein PRC1 binds with microtubules, creating bundles of microtubules and cross-links between them.

The «parts list» in these processes is similar: Microtubules, semi-rigid tubes of protein, can serve within the cell as scaffolding, roadways, and a building material for machinery; some proteins serve as fasteners, binding and releasing other materials; and motor proteins use chemical energy to push and pull materials along microtubules, or move the microtubulesMicrotubules, semi-rigid tubes of protein, can serve within the cell as scaffolding, roadways, and a building material for machinery; some proteins serve as fasteners, binding and releasing other materials; and motor proteins use chemical energy to push and pull materials along microtubules, or move the microtubulesmicrotubules, or move the microtubulesmicrotubules themselves.

These findings add to the growing understanding of the «tubulin code» — a phenomenon where TTLL7 and similar proteins add amino acids to microtubules and prompt them to fast - track certain proteins for transport.

The alpha and beta «tails» that protrude from the microtubule surface are known sites for modification, which in turn, determine which motors and associated protein will bind to the microtubule.

The reason for the rapid development of resistance was that these fungicides were single site inhibitors of fungal microtubule assembly during mitosis, via tubulin - benzimidazole - interactions.

We demonstrate that microtubules and Dynein are driving nuclear rotations and are required for centromere pairing and clustering.

A mechanism for reorientation of cortical microtubule arrays driven by microtubule severing.

Microtubules are required for efficient epithelial tight junction homeostasis and restoration.