Map of trends (°C / century) of annual (July — June) mean surface air temperature
for observing stations west of 116 ° W. Triangles mark statistically significant (p < 0.05) trends (red, upward pointing: positive; blue, downward pointing: negative).
There is nothing wrong with increasing the meta - data
for observing stations (unless it leads to harassment of volunteers).
There is nothing wrong with increasing the meta - data
for observing stations (unless it leads to harassment of volunteers).
Not exact matches
We offer 4
stations: 1) The Food
Station — see foods that were gathered and grown, use a fire bow and drill, and use a rock to grind corn; 2) The Wetu (home)
Station —
observe how the home was built when you visit our wetu, learn the roles of men and women in the tribe, see animal hides and hear a legend; 3) The Craft
Station — discover the items used
for decoration, learn about symbolism and make your own story necklace; and 4) the Game
Station — learn about the importance of play in developing necessary skills, learn wisdom through hearing a legend, and play games!
Some voters at the Post Office polling
station in Dodowa, hooted at National Democratic Congress (NDC) parliamentary aspirant
for the Shai Osudoku Constituency, Dr. Kpessa Whyte, when he visited the area to
observe the voting process.
That event will feature NASA officials and crew members aboard the International Space
Station as they
observe the rover anniversary and discuss how its activities and other robotic projects are helping prepare
for a human mission to Mars and an asteroid.
One morning, after
observing this round of reproduction at close range
for four months, I walked into the galley at Palmer
Station, a U.S. science base on the western Antarctic Peninsula, and was struck by a saying on a calendar at the head of the food line.
Cleveland was the only
station that did not
observe birds increasing their elevation at dawn, possibly because Lake Erie is narrow enough
for them to see across without an increase in altitude.
The
station has also played a role in tracking major storms and hurricanes and «ISS in general has a unique vantage point
for observing with both automated equipment and hands - on equipment including photos taken by the astronauts and we participate in disaster response networks using all these data available,» said Ochoa.
That algorithm provides
for a physically based correction
for observing time changes based on
station history information.
For instance, in your Figure 3a, the
observed trend at the South Pole
station is given as -0.1 ºC / dec while the reconstruction appears to show a positive trend there.
More than twelve optical instruments and complex telescopes are operated by the United States Air Force many programs destined
for observing the sky are grouped under the name AMOS, which stands
for the Air Force Maui Optical
Station.
In Bechard's fourth and fifth grade classes,
for example, small groups of students rotate among experimental
stations learning about water erosion by
observing the effects of simulated rain on planters filled with clover compared with planters filled with just dirt.
Teachers should make computer
stations accessible with time planned
for student use; principals should
observe the availability of computers in the classroom and the ease with which they are used by students.
The exact perfect conditions
for a Manta Ray cleaning
station, and indeed
for observing mantas at a cleaning
station.
«We look like refugees on a
station platform waiting
for the next train to freedom,» Princess Alexandra of Greece
observed.
For the station nearest my home, the range (max less min) in annual average temperature for the past century is just 3.3 C. Can't say whether 1C warming matters in any tangible way, at this particular spot, but it's certainly large compared to the variation observed over the last centu
For the
station nearest my home, the range (max less min) in annual average temperature
for the past century is just 3.3 C. Can't say whether 1C warming matters in any tangible way, at this particular spot, but it's certainly large compared to the variation observed over the last centu
for the past century is just 3.3 C. Can't say whether 1C warming matters in any tangible way, at this particular spot, but it's certainly large compared to the variation
observed over the last century.
For Antarctica, large observational uncertainties result in low confidence that anthropogenic forcings have contributed to the
observed warming averaged over available
stations.
On August 3 (10:46 am Eastern), I had published a post entitled Hansen's Y2K Error in which I
observed a previously unreported «Y2K error» in GISS USHCN conclusively disproved efforts by Eli Rabett (
for example, here) and Tamino to discredit Anthony Watts» surface
stations project on the basis that NASA software could «fix» inhomogeneous
station data.
Yet
for 49 of the 84 meteorological
stations that Jones et al. relied upon, the DOE / CAS Report states «
station histories are not currently available» and «details regarding instrumentation, collection methods, changes in
station location or
observing times... are not known».
Unfortunately, the figure also confirms that the spatial resolution of theoutput from the GCMs used in the Mediterranean study is too coarse
for constructing detailed regional scenarios.To develop more detailed regional scenarios, modelers can combine the GCM results with output from statistical models.3 This is done by constructing a statistical model to explain the
observed temperature or precipitation at a meteorological
station in terms of a range of regionally - averaged climate variables.
For the GIGASSAT project (www.gigassat.org) funded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche Agrobiosphère) the flora compositions
observed from the REPHY
stations (Ifremer network of phytoplankton) are projected on the Chl - a images derived from the application of the OC5 Ifremer algorithm to the merged MERIS (up to April 2012) and MODIS marine reflectances.
It is defined here as the highest 1 % of hourly values of
observed sea level at a
station for a given reference period.
I have
observed that with the data
for Adelaide South Australia and the many (broken)
stations surrouding it.
Daily maximum and minimum temperature data at 121 well - distributed
stations for the period 1970 - 2003 have been used to study the
observed changes in objectively defined values...
In fact, at least one reporting
station in every state across the region except Florida
observed its coldest or second coldest mean temperature
for February on record.
See the full equipment history
for this
station using the Historical
Observing Metadata Repository.
See the full location history
for this
station using the Historical
Observing Metadata Repository.
There are a number of papers by Samuel S. Shen looking at the design of
observing networks
for estimating spherical harmonics with idealised surface temperature distributions, but I'm not aware of the technique having been used to reconstruct global average temperature using the real distribution of
stations and data.
«We evaluate to what extent the temperature rise in the past 100 years was a trend or a natural fluctuation and analyze 2249 worldwide monthly temperature records from GISS (NASA) with the 100 - year period covering 1906 - 2005 and the two 50 - year periods from 1906 to 1955 and 1956 to 2005... The data document a strong urban heat island eff ect (UHI) and a warming with increasing
station elevation... About a quarter of all the records
for the 100 - year period show a fall in temperatures... that the
observed temperature records are a combination of long - term correlated records with an additional trend, which is caused
for instance by anthropogenic CO2, the UHI or other forcings... As a result, the probabilities that the
observed temperature series are natural have values roughly between 40 % and 90 %, depending on the
stations characteristics and the periods considered.»
He
observes of Fresno, California (See his Figure B1) and this may be of interest
for station inspection:
The map of regional mean sea level trends provides an overview of variations in the rates of relative local mean sea level
observed at long - term tide
stations (based on a minimum of 30 years of data in order to account
for long - term sea level variations and reduce errors in computing sea level trends based on monthly mean sea level).
Temperatures aloft can be measured in a number of ways, two of which are useful
for climate monitoring: by radiosondes (balloon - borne instrument packages, including thermometers, released daily or twice daily at a network of
observing stations throughout the world), and by satellite measurements of microwave radiation emitted by oxygen gas in the lower to mid-troposphere, taken with an instrument known as the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU).5 The balloon measurements are taken at the same Greenwich mean times each day, whereas the times of day of the satellite measurements
for a given location drift slowly with changes in the satellite orbits.
Evidence
for changes in the climate system abounds, from the top of the atmosphere to the depths of the oceans (Figure 2.1).1 Scientists and engineers from around the world have compiled this evidence using satellites, weather balloons, thermometers at surface
stations, and many other types of
observing systems that monitor the Earth's weather and climate.
Some methods look
for discontinuities in temperature changes at sites that are not
observed by nearby
stations.
This page features the trends in mean annual and seasonal temperatures
for Alaska's first - order
observing stations since 1949, the time period
for which the most reliable meteorological data are available.
The left - hand panel of Figure 1 (below) illustrates the
observed trends over the period 1900 — 2012
for weather
observing stations in the contiguous United States located west of longitude 116 ° W — this includes all of Washington and Oregon, most of California, and parts of Idaho and Nevada.
But published research has looked hard and found little support
for UHI as an explanation
for the warming trends
observed even in the surface -
station parts of the NASA, NCDC or HadCRU series.
In summary, given the Bureau is taking one - second extrema, rather than following its own published guidelines (Instruments and
Observing Methods Report No. 65, WMO / TD No. 862) recordings taken by the Bureau over the last twenty years from automatic weather
stations across Australia may not be fit
for purpose.
When looking at the Tmin USHCNv2 adjusted data
for rural
stations, we
observe that it is adjusted higher in value, from 0.127 °C / decade to 0.249 °C / decade, effectively doubling the trend,
For stations of type 181, you may get both the
Observed Surface Pressure and the
Observed Sea Level Pressure.
Traditionally
station plots
for manned
observing sites were based around a central
station circle.
In general, no evidence was found
for MSL accelerations significantly different from zero over the period 1870 to the present, although non-zero accelerations were
observed at individual
stations.
For Australian terrestrial data, there is generally a sufficient observing network to allow reference stations to be identified and compared with target stations for the purposes of detecting inhomogeneiti
For Australian terrestrial data, there is generally a sufficient
observing network to allow reference
stations to be identified and compared with target
stations for the purposes of detecting inhomogeneiti
for the purposes of detecting inhomogeneities.
There is extensive electronic and paper - based documentation that describes historical
observing practices
for individual
stations across the Bureau.
For example, measurement discontinuities often occur when
observing stations are moved or instrumentation is change.
• Skilled in verifying patient information and handling testing and sample collection activities accordingly • Committed to maintain specimen integrity by using dedicated aseptic techniques • Proficient in
observing specimen isolation procedures and collaborating with nursing personnel to ensure appropriate collection times • Demonstrated expertise in performing bleeding - times by following exceptionally well - placed laboratory procedures • Focused on maintaining quality results by following dedicated department procedures and testing schedules • Proficient in resolving unusual test orders by liaising with physicians, pathologists and nursing
stations • Hands - on experience in using a variety of needles and procedures to draw blood, depending on the quantity of blood required
for sampling • Excellent skills in completing specimen data and recording it succinctly into laboratory databases • Adept at disposing of laboratory waste and contaminated sharps in accordance to applicable laws, standards and procedures • Competent at using vacuum tubes, syringes and butterfly venipuncture methods
• Took food and beverage orders from patrons • Entered orders in POS and delivered orders quickly • Checked back after delivery of food to ensure maximum guest satisfaction •
Observed guests to reply to any additional needs • Presented check
for payment and provided change • Kept
station clean • Properly set up
station tables and arranged napkins • Maintained table appearance by pre-bussing, checked drink levels, removed clutter and provided sufficient napkins