The new analysis combines sea - surface temperature records with meteorological station measurements and tests alternative choices
for ocean records, urban warming and tropical and Arctic oscillations.
«Not using their data we get the exact same results, both
for the ocean record and for the land,» said Zeke Hausfather, lead author of the Berkeley study.
Not exact matches
And in many, many cases — such as with
ocean temperatures, rising sea levels, or ice shelf traveling speeds — scientists have
recorded the data
for decades, systematically, consistently, and with precision.
Add all this to Donovan's strong electoral track
record and the
ocean of goodwill he has enjoyed with Island voters
for years, and the Democrats will have a tough roe to hoe against Donovan next year, even with the Garner case on his docket.
Álvaro Corral of the Centre
for Mathematical Research in Barcelona, Spain, and colleagues looked at
records of hurricanes from four
ocean basins around the world between 1966 and 2007.
In some locations, seismograms have been faithfully
recording every shake in the Earth's crust
for nearly a century, meaning geologists can dissect what Bromirski calls the «treasure trove» of archived paper drums — and find out how
ocean waves have changed over the last 100 years.
The finding surprised the University of Arizona - led research team, because the sparse instrumental
records for sea surface temperature
for that part of the eastern tropical Pacific
Ocean did not show warming.
For the
ocean floor is a
record, an eons - old accumulation of whatever has sunk down through the water to the bottom of the sea.
At the time, scientists already had developed remotely operated vehicles that could roam the seafloor, and placed instruments on the
ocean's bottom that could
record uninterrupted measurements
for years.
An OBS was placed at the
ocean floor at 400 - meter water depth offshore Western Svalbard, and
recorded every sound from the seabed and
ocean for a full year.
But
for the other half of the picture — what happened in the
oceans during that time — there is only a relatively short
record extending back about 20,000 years to the last glacial cycle.
The long - term geological
record reveals an early Cenozoic warm climate that supported smaller polar ecosystems, few coral - algal reefs, expanded shallow - water platforms, longer food chains with less energy
for top predators, and a less oxygenated
ocean than today.
The world's
oceans are currently in the midst of the third major die off — termed bleaching by scientists — ever
recorded and the hot waters around Christmas Island have been dealing with the heat
for months.
The discovery, reported in the current issue of Nature Communications, logs a number of firsts: the first
record of ancient tsunami activity found in a sea cave; the first
record for such a long time period in the Indian
Ocean; and the most pristine
record of tsunamis anywhere in the world.
Land and
Ocean Combined: The combined average temperature over global land and ocean surfaces for August 2014 was the record highest for the month, at 61.45 °F (16.35 °C), or 1.35 °F (0.75 °C) above the 20th century average of 60.1 °F (15.6
Ocean Combined: The combined average temperature over global land and
ocean surfaces for August 2014 was the record highest for the month, at 61.45 °F (16.35 °C), or 1.35 °F (0.75 °C) above the 20th century average of 60.1 °F (15.6
ocean surfaces
for August 2014 was the
record highest
for the month, at 61.45 °F (16.35 °C), or 1.35 °F (0.75 °C) above the 20th century average of 60.1 °F (15.6 °C).
The global average temperature over land and
ocean surfaces
for January to October 2014 was the highest on
record, according to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
According to NOAA scientists, the globally averaged temperature over land and
ocean surfaces
for August 2014 was the highest
for August since
record keeping began in 1880.
«This paper is significant because it identifies a link between
ocean conditions and the magnitude of the toxic bloom in 2015 that resulted in the highest levels of domoic acid contamination in the food web ever
recorded for many species,» said co-author Kathi Lefebvre, a marine biologist at NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center.
We've narrowed the uncertainty in surface warming projections by generating thousands of climate simulations that each closely match observational
records for nine key climate metrics, including warming and
ocean heat content.»
Ocean Only: The August global sea surface temperature was 1.17 °F (0.65 °C) above the 20th century average of 61.4 °F (16.4 °C), the highest on
record for August.
Ocean Only: The global ocean surface temperature for the year to date was 0.99 °F (0.55 °C) above average, tying with 2010 as the second warmest such period on record, behind only
Ocean Only: The global
ocean surface temperature for the year to date was 0.99 °F (0.55 °C) above average, tying with 2010 as the second warmest such period on record, behind only
ocean surface temperature
for the year to date was 0.99 °F (0.55 °C) above average, tying with 2010 as the second warmest such period on
record, behind only 1998.
Ocean Only: The June - August global sea surface temperature was 1.13 °F (0.63 °C), above the 20th century average of 61.5 °F (16.4 °C), the highest
for June - August on
record.
So, below are the
records set by the most impressive North Atlantic hurricanes, since meteorologists began to name them more than half a century ago — as well as
for storms in the Pacific
Ocean, which actually rank number one in many of the categories.
On Wednesday, September 6, the colossal category 5 Hurricane Irma amped up its already stunning winds to 185 miles per hour — the second fastest ever
recorded for a hurricane in the Atlantic
Ocean.
Ian cycled every trawl, so we strongly suspect he is the first person to cycle a winch
for 2400m on the Arctic
Ocean - a Guinness World
Record?
Pierre Cauchy, a PhD researcher from UEA's School of Environmental Sciences, has been using one of these autonomous submarines
for five years,
recording underwater noises in the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic and Southern
oceans.
Sea ice physicists from the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre
for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), are anticipating that the sea ice cover in the Arctic
Ocean this summer may shrink to the
record low of 2012.
By affixing DTAGs — synchronous motion and acoustic
recording tags — to the whales» backs via four suction cups, the researchers could track
for the first time the movements of the whales below the
ocean's surface.
Using genetic techniques
for the first time to estimate past populations, Stephen Palumbi of Stanford University and Joe Roman of Harvard University concluded that the
oceans were once filled with 10 times more great whales than historical
records indicate.
Suomi NPP's job is to collect environmental observations of atmosphere,
ocean and land
for both NOAA's weather and oceanography operational missions and NASA's research mission to continue the long - term climate
record to better understand Earth's climate and long - term trends.
According to NOAA, the global average
ocean temperature
for the first half of the year is 1.42 °F (0.79 °C) above the 20th century average, the largest such departure in 137 years of
records.
And while other creatures thought to be long - extinct have been found lurking in the
oceans today — such as the coelacanth fish — it's unlikely the plesiosaur would be absent from the fossil
record for 65 million years.
Not all of the
records agree, however, and the researchers argue that certain tools used
for reconstructing past
ocean temperatures should be re-evaluated.
And the Reef Life Survey, begun in Tasmania by Stuart - Smith and marine ecologist Graham Edgar in 2007, has trait
records for more than 5,000 species from all
ocean basins.
Regionally, the Northern Hemisphere temperature across land and
oceans combined was also
record high
for its summer season, while the Southern Hemisphere temperature was fourth highest
for its winter season.
The global
ocean temperature was a major contributor to the global average, as its departure from average
for the period was also highest on
record, at 0.63 °C (1.13 °F) above average.
The average August temperature
for the global
oceans was
record high
for the month, at 0.65 °C (1.17 °F) above the 20th century average, beating the previous
record set in 2005 by 0.08 °C (0.14 °F).
Several scientists are poring over data
recorded by a robotic submarine that set a distance
record for autonomous vehicles when it crossed the Pacific
Ocean late last year.
«If this outlook holds true, this season could be one of the more active on
record,» said Jane Lubchenco, Ph.D., under secretary of commerce
for oceans and atmosphere and NOAA administrator.
According to the Land &
Ocean Temperature Percentile map above, a region of coastal west Africa, part of Greece, northwestern Iran, much of the southern Philippines, and central and south central Australia were
record warm
for the period.
With
records dating back to 1880, the global temperature across the world's land and
ocean surfaces
for August 2014 was 0.75 °C (1.35 °F) higher than the 20th century average of 15.6 °C (60.1 °F).
Paleoclimate: I don't know
for sure, but this
record is too long (1 million years) to be an ice core, so I'm guessing it's a stacked sediment core, showing delta - O18 from
ocean foraminifera.
• Global messages from Antarctica, Dana Bergstrom • Deciphering past climate and ice sheet dynamics from sedimentary
records, Carlota Escutia (Antarctic Science Lecture) • Southern
Ocean Acidification, Richard Bellerby (Weyprecht Lecture) • Martha T Muse Lecture (Winner
for 2014 to be announced)
Ocean temperatures
for the year started with the first three months each third warmest
for their respective months, followed by
record high monthly temperatures
for the remainder of the year as one of the stongest El Niños in the historical
record evolved.
The annually - averaged temperature
for ocean surfaces around the world was 0.74 °C (1.33 °F) higher than the 20th century average, easily breaking the previous
record of 2014 by 0.11 °C (0.20 °F).
``... In particular, there was a period in the late - 1980s and early - 1990s when retreat slowed down along most of the coast, and we don't see any cause
for this in the temperature
records — so there may be some other factors at work, perhaps
ocean temperature.»
Record warmth
for the year was particularly notable in large parts of the northeastern and equatorial Pacific, a large swath of the western North Atlantic, most of the Indian
Ocean where a positive Indian
Ocean dipole prevailed, and parts of the Arctic
Ocean.
Prior to Sept. 1, Kilo was one of a trio of Category 4 hurricanes in the northeastern Pacific — a
record clustering
for any
ocean basin.
With the contribution of such
record warmth at year's end and with 10 months of the year
record warm
for their respective months, including the last 8 (January was second warmest
for January and April was third warmest), the average global temperature across land and
ocean surface areas
for 2015 was 0.90 °C (1.62 °F) above the 20th century average of 13.9 °C (57.0 °F), beating the previous
record warmth of 2014 by 0.16 °C (0.29 °F).
Researchers reconstructing ancient climates delve into the mineral
for a
record of temperature and atmospheric composition, environmental conditions and the state of the
ocean at the time those minerals formed.