Sentences with phrase «for photoreceptor»

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a monolayer of cells, residing at the back of the eye between Bruch's membrane and the retina, which is essential for photoreceptor function and survival.

Melanopsin (Opn4), an opsin - based photopigment, is a primary candidate for photoreceptor - mediated entrainment.

The receptor also regulates DHA retention and conservation in cells in the eye and is necessary for photoreceptor cell function.

Nevertheless, he thinks this sort of technology will be seen in the clinic before a treatment based on a stem cell replacement for photoreceptors.

Not exact matches

The first breakthrough for the idea was a 2007 study that Fares read on the discovery of a third photoreceptor in the eyes responsible for processing light information and synchronizing our body clock.

PRA is caused by the degeneration of the photoreceptor cells, rods and cones, which are needed for dark and day light vision, respectively.

It took nearly eight decades for scientists to investigate his claim and prove him right: The eye really does contain a third type of photoreceptor cells that sense light intensity without detecting images.

The retina contains small, specialized neurons called bipolar cells that transmit information from light - sensitive photoreceptor cells to ganglion neurons, which send information to the brain for interpretation as images.

Nevertheless, the outcome may pave the way for transplants of stem cell — derived eye cells called photoreceptors, which could dramatically improve vision in people with eye disease if all goes according to plan.

Still, Scholl adds, transplantation of RPE cells «can't be it» for such patients, because ultimately they need new photoreceptors to restore vision.

But the benefits of this technology for discerning the circuits of the mind go much deeper, because the virus that carries the photoreceptor genes can also carry promoter sequences that express their payload only in neurons with the appropriate molecular address.

The six previously known fly rhodopsins account for the full function of photoreceptor cells in the fly's eyes, so although the fruit fly genome contained the sequence of a seventh rhodopsin, the role of Rh7 was unclear.

Notably, the green and red photoreceptors we use for color vision are placed very close together; by contrast, the equivant components in cameras are situated with ample (and even) spacing among them.

An international research team headed by Thomas Münch of the Institute for Ophthalmic Research and Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience of the University of Tübingen found the contribution of rod photoreceptors in mouse retinas to be much greater than previously assumed.

«These approaches,» said Sudharsan, «may help sustain photoreceptor cells for the time period needed to develop a specific gene therapy.»

It first targets a protective lining called the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which shuttles nutrients to the photoreceptor cells and is vital for their survival.

These findings have suggested the development stages at which to transplant cells — for instance, photoreceptor cells need to be relatively more mature than stem cells, according to Thomas Reh, who studies retinal development at the University of Washington.

Adult stem cells and cornea stem cells are two other possible sources for generating immature photoreceptor cells.

Bird eyes have a photoreceptor for long wavelengths of light that that most insects lack.

This surprising dark - centric organization could be a consequence of a size distortion for lights that originates at the photoreceptor (Kremkow et al., PNAS, 2014), the very first neuron in the visual pathway.

By contrast, the MacLaren team's therapy targets photoreceptors that are neurons lasting for life — so in principle patients need only have the treatment once.

Rods and cones [photoreceptors in the eye] could not account for this differential regulation of melatonin production, so we postulated another type of photoreceptor was responsible for mediating such physiological responses.

A good example of compartmentalization is observed in a specialized type of light - sensing neurons found in the retina, the photoreceptors, which are made up of different compartments containing specific proteins essential for vision.

Detlev Arendt and Joachim Wittbrodt, developmental biologists at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, Germany, jumped into the fray after Arendt noticed some vertebrate - like photoreceptor cells in the brains of ragworms, a marine species that hasn't changed much for 500 million years.

«We demonstrated that in the absence of Numb, photoreceptors are unable to send a molecule essential for vision to the correct compartment, which causes the cells to progressively degenerate and ultimately die,» adds Dr. Ramamurthy, who carried out the project in Dr. Cayouette's laboratory in collaboration with Christine Jolicoeur, research assistant.

Isacoff, Flannery and UC Berkeley colleagues have developed several optogenetic techniques for restoring light - sensitivity to surviving retinal cells other than the photoreceptors.

The therapy employs a virus to insert a gene for a common ion channel into normally blind cells of the retina that survive after the light - responsive rod and cone photoreceptor cells die as a result of diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa.

Functional damage to these photoreceptors, or pathological loss of the cells that bear them, results in inability to register light impinging on the retina — and is responsible for various types of visual impairment and certain forms of congenital blindness.

The patients had malfunctioning RPE65 genes, which code for a protein that ensures the photoreceptor cells in the retina work smoothly.

These detectors compare changes in luminance between two neighbouring photoreceptor units, or facets, in the fruit fly's eye for every point in the visual space.

«This study for the first time shows increased expression of IL - 33 in AMD and further demonstrates a role for glia - derived IL - 33 in the accumulation of myeloid cells in the outer retina, loss of photoreceptors, and functional impairment of the retina in preclinical models of retina stress,» the authors note.

The case for direct interaction was bolstered by similarities between gene expression profiles of plants with various deficiencies in photoreceptors and COP1.

After years of searching hard for the so - called photoreceptor cells that relay that light signal to the clock in mammals, circadian biologists had tantalizing clues but no answer.

This stacking allows for absorption of shorter wavelengths, such as blue light, in the shallow photoreceptors and red light in the deeper receptors.

Mice lacking the cryptochrome 2 blue - light photoreceptor gene (mCry2) were tested for circadian clock - related functions.

But someday all of them could offer a valid treatment for retinitis pigmentosa as well as for age - related macular degeneration, which gradually destroys photoreceptors in the center of the retina and is the leading cause of blindness in adults over age 55.

They had small internal computers, photoreceptors to help them avoid obstacles and two motors, one for locomotion and another for operating their mandibles.

«Because degradation of photoreceptors is believed to be a major factor in retinal diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa and Leber's congenital amaurosis, this finding, that horizontal cells are necessary for the normal survival of photoreceptor cells, is novel and significant,» says Mu.

Comparison of impulse response time to peak (t p) and half - width (Δt) for bumblebee photoreceptors with published photoreceptor data from other insect species

Retinal ganglion cell axons (arrowhead), RPE (arrow), and rod photoreceptors (stained red for XAP2) are donor derived.

Intra - and intermolecular signal transduction mechanisms in membrane - embedded (photo --RRB- receptor / transducer complexes are studied using the photoreceptor / transducer complex NpSRII / NpHtrII, which is responsible for the photoactive behavior of the halophilic archaeon Natronomonas pharaonis.

The second step will be to optimize culture conditions for the commitment of the iPS / hES cell - derived retinal precursors towards the photoreceptor lineage.

They play a pivotal role in regulating synaptic transmission, modulating excitotoxicity responsible for much of the neuronal damage caused by hypoxic insult in the brain [37], and are expressed in retinal photoreceptors, horizontal cells, and bipolar cells as well as the amacrine and ganglion cells of the inner retina [38 — 41].

Lamba and colleagues recently demonstrated that human embryonic stem cells could be directed to differentiate into photoreceptors and respond to a light stimulus as measured by ERG in crx − / − mice (a model for Leber's congenital amaurosis)[5].

(A) Rosettes (arrowheads) and pseudo outer nuclear layers (arrow) are detected in explants triple stained for nuclei (blue; DAPI), cone (green; Calbindin), and rod photoreceptors (red; XAP2).

Bipolar cells relay the visual information from photoreceptors to the inner retina for further processing.

AMD, a major cause of irreversible vision loss in the elderly, results from death of cells critical for vision: RPE and photoreceptor cells.

The carboxyl - terminal domain is essential for rhodopsin transport in rod photoreceptors.

Molecular markers for retinal ganglion, amacrine, bipolar, horizontal, Müller glia, and rod and cone photoreceptor cells (Table S3) identified these cell types (Figures 5B, 5D — 5N, and S2, S3, S4, S5, S6).

Rim formation is not a prerequisite for distribution of cone photoreceptor outer segment proteins.