Sentences with phrase «for photosynthetic»

Stable carbon isotope ratios from tree rings record changes in the internal concentration of carbon dioxide and, in the northern Boreal zone, are regarded as a proxy for photosynthetic rate, and therefore summer sunshine.

Sea ice is critical for polar marine ecosystems in at least two important ways: (1) it provides a habitat for photosynthetic algae and nursery ground for invertebrates and fish during times when the water column does not support phytoplankton growth; and (2) as the ice melts, releasing organisms into the surface water [3], a shallow mixed layer forms which fosters large ice - edge blooms important to the overall productivity of polar seas.

The rise was fast enough, however, for the chemocline to reach the photic zone by the time of deposition of the lower part of Unit II, as indicated by the presence of biomarkers for photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria (Sinnighe Damsté et al., 1993; Repeta, 1993).

Exploiting habitats that are often or mostly out of water required new symbiotic relationships to contain and move water, including the fusion of some fungi and algae to create lichen in communities with bacteria that survive extreme desiccation on land while breaking down rock into soil, and the association of mycorrhizae fungi and the root tissue of new vascular plants — culminating in trees that pump water high into the air — to exchange mineral nutrients (e.g., phosphorus) and usable «fixed» nitrogen from the atmosphere for photosynthetic products.

«This work homed in on the role of ferredoxin - 5 and factors critical for photosynthetic organisms to switch between daytime and nighttime metabolism,» Grossman said.

For a photosynthetic organism — one that uses light as an energy source — such as the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, keeping in sync with day and night is a particularly important ability.

For photosynthetic bacteria, every night is a period of starvation, and it is likely that the circadian clock helps them grow during the day in order to prepare for nightfall.

Not exact matches

I wuld ahve preferred some form of photosynthetic skin capable of getting energy for bodily functions directly from sunlight, instead of masticating and swallowing dead organic matter like some kind of cheap coal engine.

His reengineered photosynthetic cells would take in carbon dioxide and sunlight and spew out hydrocarbons ready for the ExxonMobil refinery (the oil giant that has provided Venter's company Synthetic Genomics with $ 300 million in funding to date).

«It is difficult to produce large quantities of the desired compounds in microalgae because they have to use a large amount of the produced energy for themselves, since they are fully photosynthetic organisms.

«This is probably because cyanobacteria are naturally photosynthetic — they're actually responsible for a large fraction of the photosynthesis in the ocean — and so whether the cell is energized or not is a good indication of whether it's day or night,» he says.

Huang's research addresses fundamental questions about the rules bacteria live by — for instance, what determines their shape and how different wavelengths of light affect the movement of photosynthetic microbes (SN: 10/14/17, p. 17).

He and colleagues have determined what gives cholera bacteria their curved shape and whether it matters (a polymer protein, and it does matter; the curve makes it easier for cholera to cause disease), how different wavelengths of light affect movement of photosynthetic bacteria (red and green wavelengths encourage movement; blue light stops the microbes in their tracks), how bacteria coordinate cell division machinery and how photosynthetic bacteria's growth changes in light and dark.

If phototrophs keep their photosynthetic apparatus for landing, the red - edge position of the land surface on M - dwarf planets show just like as on the Earth, at the initial stage of land vegetation.

«Having a better understanding of where the energy levels are will be very helpful for establishing the structure - function relationships of these photosynthetic reaction centers.»

MacDonnell also has worked on developing new photocatalysts for hydrogen generation, with the goal of creating an artificial photosynthetic system which uses solar energy to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.

This signaling pathway could be used to optimize the photosynthetic efficiency of plants subject to water and nutrient deficiencies, with potential applications in agriculture and reactor - based crop development for green chemistry and algae - based biofuel solutions.

For example, the leaves of Pereskia plants can store much more water, and they seem to use an alternative, water - conserving photosynthetic pathway typical of the leafless cacti when conditions are particularly dry.

«The state of New Jersey's per capita energy consumption exceeds the photosynthetic productivity of the area even if it were pristine,» noted physicist Klaus Lackner, director of the Earth Institute's Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy at the Columbia event.

The research is part of the international research project Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE) that is supported by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research, and the U.K. Department for International Development.

One such effect, called bleaching, occurs when the symbiotic algae that are essential for providing nutrients to the coral either lose their identifying photosynthetic pigmentation and their ability to perform photosynthesis or disappear entirely from the coral's tissue.

Photosynthetic chromatophores are bubbles of liquid that form on the membranes of bacteria that harness sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to produce the energy needed for respiration and other functions.

Research associates Anneke Prins and Doug Orr conducted the experimental work which was jointly funded by CIMMYT (W4031.11 Global Wheat Program) and by Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency, a project funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and led by the University of Illinois at the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology.

New work from a team including Carnegie's Mark Heinnickel, Wenqiang Yang, and Arthur Grossman identified a protein needed for assembling the photosynthetic apparatus that may help us understand the history of photosynthesis back in the early days of life on Earth, a time when oxygen was not abundant in the atmosphere.

But no one knows for sure whether the fungi can make use of the extra carbon supplied by plants when they raise their photosynthetic rate.

The question of how photosynthetic efficiency is maintained affects plants on which humans depend, including crops and even forests, so answering this question has practical implications for improving agricultural productivity.

Photosynthetic microbes also store plenty of fat, which forms the basis for fuel.

By taking ice samples for the last five winters and analyzing for the chlorophyll produced by algae and photosynthetic bacteria, Twiss and his team have determined that from November to April the Lake experiences great primary productivity, more so than in spring or summer.

The team, which also includes Carnegie's Ari Kornfeld and Joseph Berry, discovered that a protein, called KEA3, is crucial for immediate adjustment of photosynthetic efficiency in fluctuating light conditions.

Golden speculates that this timepiece «tells photosynthetic cells when to get their biochemistry geared up for dawn, whether they're of generation one or generation four.»

Professor Osborne added: «Understanding how the C4 photosynthetic pathway changes plant growth is crucially important for plant evolution, crop production and ecosystem ecology.

For one of them, you can thank plankton, in particular the single - celled photosynthetic drifters that comprise the phytoplankton of the world's oceans.

«The work provides the first quantitative, physiological, and phylogenetic framework for understanding why, when, and how angiosperms evolved much higher photosynthetic rates than other plants.»

Millet is a so - called C4 plant, which has a very efficient photosynthetic system for capturing carbon dioxide, whereas most other plants that grow in northern China are less efficient C3 plants.

Their photosynthetic partners provide the worms with everything they need, so they can simply wriggle into the sand for cover when the tide comes in and avoid being swept away.

It demonstrates that in the photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas, the protein ferredoxin - 5 is critical for growth in dark and for proper membrane organization.

In natural systems like plants and photosynthetic bacteria, the spatial organization of densely packed chromophores is vital for efficient, directed energy transfer.

PYP is a receptor for blue light that is part of the photosynthetic machinery in certain bacteria.

They are designing an artificial system that mimics how plants and other photosynthetic organisms use sunlight to convert CO2 and water into molecules that humans can later use for fuel.

An analysis of GOME - 2 data published in April suggests that carbon - cycle models underestimate peak photosynthetic output by as much as 50 — 75 % in parts of India, China and the African Sahel, and by 40 — 60 % in the «corn belt» of the US Midwest, which accounts for more than 40 % of the world's maize (corn) production (L. Guanter et al..

A microscopic method for simulating quantum mechanical, nuclear tunneling effects in biological electron transfer reactions is presented and applied to several electron transfer steps in photosynthetic bacterial reaction centers.

Plastids have their own genome and are responsible for harvesting energy from light in photosynthetic plants and algae.

«The biofeedback system successfully maintained a wide range of ETR values in different species, while it also is capable of distinguishing between conversion of light into heat and damage to the photosynthetic machinery as causes for decreases in light use efficiency,» the authors said.

The team from Bochum is already looking for ways to optimise the «cell factories»; more specifically: the researchers are striving to improve photosynthetic electron transport.

«We need liquid cells for CLAIRE to study the dynamic organization of light - harvesting proteins in photosynthetic membranes,» Ginsberg says.

Unicellular photosynthetic microbes — phytoplankton — are responsible for virtually all oceanic primary production, which fuels marine food webs and plays a fundamental role in the global carbon cycle.

Many of these microbes persist today; for example, blue - green (cyanobacteria) or bright green, photosynthetic bacteria use light from the Sun and chlorophyll to convert carbon dioxide and water into «free» molecular oxygen and carbon, made into essential organic substances such as carbohydrates.

This would have enormous implication for subsequent evolution as earth's oceans atmosphere were oxygenated by photosynthetic bacteria creating extensive stromatolitic reefs.

The researchers, however, did not stop looking until they considered using cyanobacteria — a photosynthetic blue - green algae known for its ability to survive in water.

One year later, Hartmut Michel was awarded the 1988 Nobel Prize in Chemistry «for the determination of the three - dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre», together with Johann Deisenhofer and Robert Huber.