I looked at results
for racial subgroups such as African Americans and Latinos, not only for the socio - economically disadvantaged umbrella group.
Until this year, the rating system in Texas specified separate targets
for racial subgroups that accounted for more than 10 percent of the student body (and more than 30 students).
Furthermore, both bills would have compounded the error by requiring annual increases in test scores
for every racial subgroup in a school.
Although that rate, around 82 percent, has risen, and dropout rates have fallen
for every racial subgroup, there are still around 750,000 students leaving school every year with «basically no chance of being successful,» he said.
Not exact matches
Thus, targeted breastfeeding interventions are needed
for ethnic
subgroups whose breastfeeding outcomes fall below the national rates
for their ethnic /
racial group.
The large size and diverse
racial / ethnic makeup of the Breast Cancer Family Registry allowed the researchers to evaluate mortality risk across different subtypes of breast cancer and
subgroups of patients, and adjust
for confounding factors.
By the latter, Price laid out his intention to compare isolated and modernized
subgroups of various «
racial stocks» to control
for confounders such as heredity, culture, climate, altitude, and latitude, and hoped to include disease - free populations that could be compared to populations ravaged by disease.
[12] The guidance does not explicitly prohibit aggregation of data across
racial and ethnic
subgroups in cases in which data
for those disaggregated categories would be impossible to report due to sample sizes falling below the state's specified n - size.
Advocates seeking transparency
for individual
racial / ethnic
subgroups of students have been vocal in their opposition to the «super
subgroup» approach.
Most disaggregated: This column uses the n - size
for each grade level,
racial / ethnic
subgroup, and school year, with no further aggregation.
[11] The same document prohibits states from combining «major
racial and ethnic
subgroups... into a... «super-subgroup,» as a substitute
for considering student data in each of the major
racial and ethnic groups separately (emphasis added).»
Pooling data across years and grades will include most students in accountability systems, but
for lower enrollment populations, pooling across
racial / ethnic groups may provide an opportunity to include students in accountability systems in cases where
subgroup size is otherwise too small.
For smaller American Indian / Alaskan Native and Hawaiian Native / Pacific Islander subgroups, the majority of students in the subgroup remain uncovered if only students in that subgroup are pooled: the «super subgroup» strategy of aggregating across racial / ethnic groups is the only way to account for most students in these groups, although their data are not identifiable at the subgroup lev
For smaller American Indian / Alaskan Native and Hawaiian Native / Pacific Islander
subgroups, the majority of students in the
subgroup remain uncovered if only students in that
subgroup are pooled: the «super
subgroup» strategy of aggregating across
racial / ethnic groups is the only way to account
for most students in these groups, although their data are not identifiable at the subgroup lev
for most students in these groups, although their data are not identifiable at the
subgroup level.
And they must report the results,
for both the student population as a whole and
for particular «
subgroups» of students, including English - learners and students in special education,
racial minorities, and children from low - income families.
Two - year data averaging: using two school years» worth of data on the
racial / ethnic
subgroup for that grade level, so drawing on two cohorts of students.
Figure 4 shows that as recently as 2004,
for - profit institutions accounted
for no more than 7 percent of enrollment among any
racial subgroup.
NCLB holds schools accountable
for performance of
subgroups — major
racial and ethnic groups, students with disabilities, and English - language learners.
He found no detectable benefit from mandated class size reduction — either
for students in general or
for any student
subgroup,
racial, ethnic, or level of disadvantage.
Moreover, the reason
for a school's failure to win an award was often not that African - American and Latino students were lagging behind, but that white non-Hispanic students experienced slower growth in achievement: the average school with multiple
racial subgroups witnessed larger gains
for African - American and Latino students than
for white students.
One of the key reasons
for a possible disconnect is the law's requirement that not only the entire school but also
racial, ethnic, economic, and other
subgroups within the school make adequate yearly progress.
In addition, we control
for determinants of student achievement that may change over time, such as a teacher's experience level, as well as
for student characteristics, such as prior - year test scores, gender,
racial / ethnic
subgroup, special education classification, gifted classification, English proficiency classification, and whether the student was retained in the same grade.
Progress is to be measured both
for all students and
for students disaggregated into various
subgroups, including disadvantaged students, those with limited English proficiency, students with disabilities, and those from
racial or ethnic minority populations.
Our call
for more studies on
racial / ethnic
subgroup disparities echoes a recommendation published 15 years ago by the AAP Task Force on Minority Children's Access to Pediatric Care that more attention be paid to the heterogeneity of API populations.24
States set annual district and school targets
for grade - level achievement, high school graduation, and closing achievement gaps,
for all students, including accelerated progress
for subgroups (each major
racial and ethnic group, students with disabilities, English language learners, and students from low - income families), and rate schools and districts on how well they meet the targets.
The federal government is permitting many schools to escape accountability
for the progress of
racial or ethnic
subgroups under the No Child Left Behind Act, according to a computer analysis released by the Associated Press last week.
For a school or district to make adequate yearly progress, both the overall student population and each
subgroup of students — major
racial and ethnic groups, children from low - income families, students with disabilities, and students with limited proficiency in English — must meet or exceed the target set by the state.
It goes something like this: Step away from federal heavy - handedness around states» accountability and teacher credentialing systems; keep plenty of transparency of results in place, especially test scores disaggregated by
racial and other
subgroups; offer incentives
for embracing promising reforms instead of mandates; and give school districts a lot more flexibility to move their federal dollars around as they see fit.
This shift in focus creates a problem
for certain
subgroups, such as students with limited English proficiency or students from
racial or ethnic backgrounds, because these individuals are frequently the ones on the lower grid of the achievement gap.
As
for results, Wexford students across all major
racial and income
subgroup categories have seen strong academic gains; they now outperform their peers statewide in reading and mathematics assessments.84
The Arizona Republic recently «Fact Checked» a statement from Arizona Charter Schools Association President and CEO Eileen Sigmund and found that it's true: Arizona's public charter school students from all
racial and ethnic groups outperformed the state average
for their
subgroup on 2017 AzMERIT.
NCLB has been widely praised
for its requirement that states and schools break down their test results by
subgroups — across
racial, socioeconomic and other lines — to highlight achievement gaps.
Kopperud points out that the new law requires chronic absenteeism rates to be disaggregated by all the significant
subgroups, including
racial and ethnic
subgroups as well as
subgroups for homeless students and foster youth.
No, it won't walk away from holding schools accountable
for subgroups of students that weren't supposed to be left behind:
racial and ethnic minorities, economically disadvantaged students, special - needs students and English learners.
In this section, each school district must list its annual goals
for all students as well as
for specific
subgroups of students (including
racial / ethnic
subgroups, the three target
subgroups — English learners, low income students, and foster youth — and students with disabilities).
States would still have to test students in reading and math in grades 3 through 8 and once in high school, and break out the data
for whole schools, plus different «
subgroups» of students (English - learners, students in special education,
racial minorities, those in poverty).
The waivers may allow
for the possibility of states targeting gender
for subgroup accountability (and thus, addressing the crisis of low educational attainment among young men of all socioeconomic and
racial backgrounds) on their own.
As an accountability measure, schools should undertake regular audits of course enrollments that analyze disparities in enrollment numbers among
racial subgroups and that critically examine the criteria being used by teachers and counselors to determine student readiness
for advanced coursework.
The No Child Left Behind Act is a much - maligned decade - old federal education law that called
for regular standardized tests, disaggregation of testing data by
racial subgroup, and increasing sanctions
for states that fail to meet proficiency standards leading up to a requirement of about 100 percent proficiency by 2014.
Authorizers must also place increases in student achievement
for all
subgroups as the most important factor when determining whether to renew or revoke a school's charter - including the progress of economically disadvantaged students, students from major
racial and ethnic groups, students with disabilities, and students with limited English proficiency.
By allowing states to ditch
racial, ethnic, and economic
subgroup categories and replace them with a super-
subgroup subterfuge that commingles poor and minority students into one, the administration is making it difficult
for families, especially black, Latino, and Asian families who are joining the middle class
for the first time and moving into suburbia — to get the information they need to make smart decisions
for their kids, and impede them from helping to advance systemic reform.
The odds of having comorbid disorders are higher than expected by chance
for most
racial / ethnic
subgroups, except when base rates of disorders were already high or when cell sizes were small.
To ensure that the study included a sizable proportion of
racial / ethnic minorities and low - income respondents
for more accurate
subgroup analyses, there was also an oversampling of US telephone exchanges that had a population of 70 % or more of African American, Hispanic, or low - income households.