Sentences with phrase «for radiative absorption»

If you are testing for radiative absorption, then the type of gas matters.

Not exact matches

The recent JCAP paper published in Nature Communications introduces a transcendent approach to understanding PEC device performance for arbitrary material and device quality, using five representative parameters: semiconductor absorption fraction, external radiative efficiency, series resistance, shunt resistance and catalytic exchange current density to account for imperfect light absorption, charge transport and catalysis.

Therefore, for the Earth climate system, radiation is the ONLY heat loss mechanism, and therefore radiative absorption is key.

The effect is a continuum of different absorption spectra that all have the same band - widenning per doubling and same effects at the center at various stages between no effect and saturation, though they are at different stages in that process for any given amount of CO2; the radiative forcing is a weighted average of the effects of each of those absorption spectra; once the center of the band is saturated for all of the spectra, the band widenning effect is the same for each and thus the forcing from the band widenning is the same as it is in the original simplified picture.

But if the optical thickness in that band is sufficiently smaller than in another band (depending on wavelengths), adding some absorption to the optically - thinner band would tend to result in warming of the colder layers (as there would be less temperature variation over height in radiative equilbrium for that band, given the same surface (+ tropospheric) temperatures.

Re my 441 — competing bands — To clarify, the absorption of each band adds to a warming effect of the surface + troposphere; given those temperatures, there are different equilibrium profiles of the stratosphere (and different radiative heating and cooling rates in the troposphere, etc.) for different amounts of absorption at different wavelengths; the bands with absorption «pull» on the temperature profile toward their equilibria; disequilibrium at individual bands is balanced over the whole spectrum (with zero net LW cooling, or net LW cooling that balances convective and solar heating).

If, for instance, CO2 concentrations are doubled, then the absorption would increase by 4 W / m2, but once the water vapor and clouds react, the absorption increases by almost 20 W / m2 — demonstrating that (in the GISS climate model, at least) the «feedbacks» are amplifying the effects of the initial radiative forcing from CO2 alone.

One can for example treat radiative systems using classical absorption, scattering and transmission coefficients.

Vis.: www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1981/A1981LQ21800001.pdf Even more to the point, he goes on to state that [quote] «The regions of validity of the linear, square root, and nonoverlapping approximations were considered in this article...» [endquote] and notes that the summary of the [quote] «various models and approximations for band absorption» [endquote] given in that article had apparently been useful in many later studies requiring [quote] «mathematical calculation» [endquote] of the radiative exchange by infrared bands.

They assume a basis for all this, the radiative heat absorption by CO2 (this is in their founding documents), and produce massive summaries, generally including long term ordinary linear regression in approriately applied to a time series, and then make a statement such as «an increase of.2 deg C / decade».

We need to examine the Gas Laws in some detail to consider how the radiative absorption capabilities of Greenhouse Gases could be dealt with given that the Gas Laws have no term for the radiative capabilities of molecules.

(iii) Our method of calculation for the overlap of H2O and CO2 absorption bands and our evaluation of the radiative flux integrals are not identical with theirs.

In any case, yes, radiative effects should be accounted for with a first - principles radiative model, that is to say, insolation + absorption (I don't think this is hard to do).

For N2, radiative absorption does not occur for the isolated molecule and can only occur because of collisional processes between moleculFor N2, radiative absorption does not occur for the isolated molecule and can only occur because of collisional processes between moleculfor the isolated molecule and can only occur because of collisional processes between molecules.

To compute what happens quantitatively, one must solve the equations for radiative transfer absorption - line by absorption - line through the atmosphere.

That is determined by consideration of the absorption of the atmosphere of terrestrial radiation (and radiation emitted by the atmosphere), which essentially ends up determining at what altitude the temperature has to be determined via radiative balance between the Earth system (earth + atmosphere) and the sun and space [which for the earth system with its current albedo is ~ 255 K].

If I were choosing a model to describe with as much quantitative fidelity as possible the greenhouse effect in the earth's atmosphere, then the model I would choose would be a state - of - the - art convective - radiative transfer code using the actual composition and empirical absorption / emission lines for the atmospheric constituents.

whereF is radiant - energy flux at the emitting surface; εis emissivity, set at 1 for a blackbody that absorbs and emits all irradiance reaching its emitting surface (by Kirchhoff's law of radiative transfer, absorption and emission are equal and simultaneous), 0 for a whitebody that reflects all irradiance, and (0, 1) for a graybody that partly absorbs / emits and partly reflects; and σ ≈ 5.67 x 10 — 8 is the Stefan - Boltzmann constant.

1950s: Research on military applications of radar and infrared radiation promotes advances in radiative transfer theory and measurements = > Radiation math — Studies conducted largely for military applications give accurate values of infrared absorption by gases = > CO2 greenhouse — Nuclear physicists and chemists develop Carbon - 14 analysis, useful for dating ancient climate changes = > Carbon dates, for detecting carbon from fossil fuels in the atmosphere, and for measuring the rate of ocean turnover = > CO2 greenhouse — Development of digital computers affects many fields including the calculation of radiation transfer in the atmosphere = > Radiation math, and makes it possible to model weather processes = > Models (GCMs)-- Geological studies of polar wandering help provoke Ewing - Donn model of ice ages = > Simple models — Improvements in infrared instrumentation (mainly for industrial processes) allow very precise measurements of atmospheric CO2 = > CO2 greenhouse.