Under existing policy, owners of nuclear power plants pay a premium each year for $ 375 million in private insurance for offsite liability coverage
for each reactor unit.
In it, he called for international intervention before the Tokyo Electric Power Company began to move fuel rods from the spent fuel pool
for reactor unit 4 and urged the four climate scientists who recently called for a big push to advance safer nuclear power plant designs to go to the site.
Not exact matches
A number of coal - and oil - fired power plants will likely be retired, and while Virginia's four existing nuclear
units will remain in use, plans
for a fifth
reactor remain shelved,
for now.
While all variations of the plan envision the relicensing of the company's four existing nuclear
units at the Surry and North Anna stations, none calls
for a third
reactor at North Anna, which Dominion has been contemplating.
The deterioration was discovered when Indian Point's
Unit 2
reactor was shut down
for routine maintenance and refueling.
The NRC staff will meet with the public to discuss the NRC's assessment of safety performance at Indian Point
Units 2 and 3
reactors for 2015.
Indian Point operator Entergy had successfully fought to delay those tests to once every 15 years
for the plant's
Unit 2
reactor, but the state had challenged that, arguing they should be conducted once a decade.
Fuel
units must be stored initially in pools at
reactor sites
for about five years, until the decay heat drops enough to permit movement into dry cask containers.
Borrowing a technique
for making temporary subsurface barriers during tunnel construction, a contractor has driven 1500 pipes 30 meters down to bedrock, creating something akin to an underground picket fence encircling the four crippled
reactor units.
In the 1980s this research was directed toward a fast
reactor (dubbed the advanced liquidmetal
reactor, or ALMR), with metallic fuel cooled by a liquid metal, that was to be integrated with a high - temperature pyrometallurgical processing
unit for recycling and replenishing the fuel.
Although the utility managed to safely remove all 1,533 fuel bundles from the plant's
unit No. 4
reactor by December 2014, it still has to do the same
for the hundreds of rods stored at the other three
units.
Leaks of hydrogen from damaged
reactors at
units Nos. 1 and 3 is blamed
for explosions at the tops of the outer, secondary containment structures, and an explosion within the No. 2 primary containment structure.
Today, TEPCO engineers unsuccessfully attempted to show that the radioactive water reaching the sea came from a flooded trench beneath
reactor 2 which houses electrical cabling
for the
unit.
«Several technical and manufacturing innovations make this
reactor a potential game changer
for the global clean energy market,» said Christofer Mowry, president and CEO at Babcock & Wilcox Modular Nuclear Energy, LLC, the new
unit in charge of the small
reactor.
The «devil's scenario» nearly played out in
Unit 4, where the
reactor was shut down
for maintenance.
And gas plants can be built in small
units in only three or four years, as compared with six or eight
for mammoth
reactors.
Deprived of electricity
for emergency systems, the
reactor cores
for Units 1, 2 and 3 overheated and melted down.
SMR - 160's footprint is minuscule compared to operating nuclear
reactors; occupying a mere 6 acres of land
for a two
unit site and 4.5 acres
for a single
unit installation.
The NRC has amended FirstEnergy Nuclear Operating Company (FENOC)'s operating licence
for Perry to include revisions to the safety limit minimum critical power ratio - a measure of heat limits within the
reactor core - enabling the
unit to use Global Nuclear Fuel's GNF2 fuel design.
In exchange, PSEG Power has been granted an option to acquire an ownership interest in the technology, which paves the way
for PSEG Power to be responsible
for the training and operations of the SMR - 160 when the new
reactor units are built.
Five smaller Japanese
reactors - Genkai 1, Mihama 1 and 2, Shimane 1 and Tsuruga 1 - were declared
for decommissioning in mid-March 2015 following the introduction of an accounting - related system earlier that month to determine which
units should not be restarted.
I was trying to estimate the mining footprints of solar and nuclear, and came up with some very tentative rough estimates that ore input
for solar energy might have an energy density (per
unit mass) ~ 5 to 80 times coal, while nuclear (convential US fuel cycle) may be ~ 20 times coal — on the solar side, this doesn't include some balance of system components, and on the nuclear side, it only includes the U, but on the solar side, the actual energy density could get much higher with recycling of the same material into multiple successive generations of solar energy devices, and on the nuclear side, breeder
reactors.
A revenue gap analysis conducted by the national laboratory
for 79 of 99 operational
reactors that are in a region where public wholesale electricity market prices are available suggests that 63
units would have lost money in 2016.
The schedule is
for Entergy Corp. to shut down the
Unit 2
reactor in April 2020 and
Unit 3 in April 2021.
Energy Alberta Corporation (Energy Alberta) has filed an application
for a site preparation license
for two twin -
unit ACR - 1000 CANDU nuclear
reactors to provide power
for the oil sands operations in Alberta.
While some
reactors have been granted lifetime extensions beyond the typical 40 years — many U.S.
units have,
for example — these may not be as readily approved after the demise of the four Fukushima
reactors, which averaged 37 years old when disaster struck.
Whether or not nuclear generation has truly peaked will depend on a number of factors, including how many Japanese
reactors resume operation, how many licenses are extended
for aging
reactors worldwide, and the pace and magnitude of uprating existing
units.
Also in the running would be utilities giving up on 4 or 5 nuclear
reactors here in the USA (Crystal River, Vermont Yankee, San Onofre, Kewaunee); these
units were all marginal and / or already offline, but it shows which way the momentum is going
for nuclear power here in the states.
The
reactor units would be factory built, delivered on trucks and dropped into place — anywhere as they don't need water cooling —
for decades of hands free operation powering 350,000 houses per
unit.
Companies in line
for new
reactor licenses have several years before they have to build a new
unit, which can cost between $ 5 billion and $ 12 billion, said Jone - Lin Wang, head of CERA's global power group.
While the basic technology is Canadian, R&D at Qinshan in China since 2008 has turned a simple concept into technology which can now be utilised, so that the used fuel from four conventional
reactors can fully supply one AFCR
unit (as well as providing recycled plutonium
for MOX).
Total Energy Solutions First HPG Buyer The buyer, TES Group, will pay $ 25 million each
for its six portable nuclear
reactors, and says if its initial purchases work out will eventually buy 50 of the
units.
Right now the researchers are working on scaling up the process
for large - scale
reactor units that can be used by cities.
In fact, certain of TEPCO's actions in the aftermath of the explosions have been confused and, some might opine, lacking discipline of purpose to the extent that expedient decisions have been made without proper forethought and judiciousness to avoid knock - on consequences:
for example, the injection of seawater may have resulted in salt deposits sufficient to foul cooling flows in the lower regions of the RPV [
reactor pressure vessel]; the liberation of hydrogen from seawater is more rampant than from freshwater and radiolysis of oxygen from the cooling water could provide stoichiometric conditions and ignition with hydrogen in the absence of air in the containments; and the latest and most recent announcement to deploy a nitrogen purge to the
Unit 1
reactor seems yet another ill - explained and unjustified desperate measure».
Last year, utilities permanently shuttered five more
reactors, lowering the number of operating
units in the United States to fewer than 100
for the first time in two decades.