Ben Armstrong sees competitiveness as one of the strengths of the American broadcasting system and considers such competition a good thing
for religious programs because it stimulates them to improve their performance.
Once a station which operates on a «religious» format opens in an area, there is a tendency
for religious programs in that area to appear on that station rather than for the new station to supplement existing programming on other stations.
While stations which sold time
for religious programs in 1971 still broadcast other types of religious programming, there is a distinct narrowing of programming to favor paid - time
In establishing the size of the audience
for religious programs, one must always distinguish between occasional viewers and regular viewers.
This study found also that stations which provided only free air - time
for religious programs tended to broadcast more religious programs during the week of the survey than did stations which sold air - time for programs (an average of 6.08 programs per station compared to 4.51 programs per station).
We have noted already that the Broadcast Institute study in 1971 identified a fairly even level of religious programming across the country, indicating that station managers were not only influenced by the demand for air - time
for religious programs, but also by peer example.
Broadcasters recognize that it is easier to gain an interested and sympathetic audience
for religious programs in those regions and among those groups who are already interested in religion and for whom religious practice is an important element in their lives.
In addition to the audiences for syndicated religious programs, the audience
for all religious programs also includes the audiences for other programs such as local religious programs (which increasingly are turning to cable), network religious programs, religious specials, and those programs broadcast outside the regular sweeps period.
To attempt to estimate the total audience
for all religious programs is even more difficult.
When the Broadcast Institute of North America surveyed religious programming in the country in 1971, they found that stations which had begun to sell time
for religious programs averaged fewer network and locally produced religious programs than did those stations which did not sell time for religious programming.
It is possible that stations which did not accept payment for air - time
for religious programs reflected a greater concern for public - service programming and therefore presented a wider representation of other programming such as network and local programs.
(13) Stuart Johnson, in a study of the distribution patterns of evangelical radio programs, found that when a station with a «religious» format opens in an area, there is a tendency
for religious programs in the area to begin to appear on these stations.
The viewing audience
for religious programs is far smaller than has been claimed.
«The audience
for religious programs on television is not an essentially new, or young, or varied audience.
While in 1959 programs that purchased their air - time accounted for 53 percent of religious air - time, by 1977 they occupied 92 percent of air - time used
for religious programs.
These broadcasters, who once could not get enough time, have been so effective in their struggle that they now hold a virtual monopoly over air - time used
for religious programming, having forced most other religious programs off the air by their cut - throat purchase of time.
The evangelical and fundamentalist strategy of building programming on direct audience support and purchasing air - time
for religious programming for the purpose of evangelism has been shown to have not succeeded.
Audience figures presented in detail in the next chapter suggest that these syndicated programs have displaced higher - rating network programs, which may also result in a smaller audience
for religious programming on television.
The adoption of purchasing of air - time and audience solicitation as the basis
for religious programming on television does not necessarily result in the breaking out of the religious ghetto, but has mainly resulted in religion's becoming more firmly ensconced in it.
While the managerial dynamics behind these changes can be appreciated, the implications
for religious programming are profound.
Because television is a capital - intensive industry, the matter of where the money is to come from is one of central importance, for it has been demonstrated that the source of the finances
for religious programming plays a ma) or part in shaping the nature of the program.
While the research in this area is still only suggestive and probably does not apply to the high - demand markets, it corresponds to what has been noted in relation to the lack of growth in overall religious programming as a consequence of paid - time programming and other syndication characteristics
for religious programming.
Not exact matches
She focused on the Klan
for her dissertation as part of a PhD
program in American
religious history, and her thoughts on what she learned are illuminating — but not about the Klan.
If you work
for a
religious organization that doesn't pay into the Social Security
program, you must pay Social Security taxes if your earnings are more than $ 100 per year.
Before 1984, people who worked
for nonprofit,
religious, charitable or educational organizations did not pay into Social Security unless they specifically chose to take part in the
program.
There are many, many schools which prohibit any and all music with a
religious text from their curricula and prohibit teachers from
programming such music
for concerts no matter how balanced the
program may be (that is, it encompasses secular and sacred, accompanied and unaccompanied, difficult and easy, music in a variety of styles and from a variety of musical eras.
After the April announcement that the Vatican was taking the Leadership Conference of Women
Religious into a form of ecclesiastical receivership, appointing Seattle Archbishop J. Peter Sartain to oversee the LCWR until its statutes and
program are reformed, Tom Fox, a major figure at the National Catholic Reporter
for decades, had this to say:
Working under what he acknowledges were false pretenses, he was a well - paid writer
for the
religious right until the end of 1991 when he decided to tell the world that those whom he had served
for decades are in fact promoting a
program comparable to that of Hitler and the Third Reich.
Messages of fidelity, monogamy, and delay of first sexual experience can be transmitted in a secular manner»
for example, through life - skills
programs at schools» and / or these messages can come through
religious leaders and organizations.
One of the more promising innovations in state - level education policy has been the establishment of
programs that encourage privately - funded scholarships
for students attending private and
religious elementary and secondary schools.
Ashley Samelson works in International
Programs for the Becket Fund
for Religious Liberty.
Parents were put to a cruel choice: either give up their plans
for a
religious education or forfeit their child's right to the kind of remedial education
program Congress provides
for all other children.
Emergency shelters and feeding
programs,
for example, rely heavily on church and synagogue facilities and
religious volunteers; the government supplies all or a part of the operating costs of food, blankets and the like.
In order to ensure that the effect of government action is neutral toward religion, it is sometimes necessary
for the government to tailor its
programs to
religious needs.
Ultimately, the
programs that the
religious leaders were lobbying
for were protected in the debt ceiling deal, though it's unclear how big a role the
religious leaders played.
I will always be grateful to the
religious people in the 12 Step
Program that I joined
for all of the help that they gave me.
Colleges may still have to certify they do not discriminate in order
for their students to be eligible; and the threat of liability from private lawsuits may be just as effective as an agency decision in driving the college either to drop out of the grant
program or to violate its
religious tenets.
In the evening of the same day this sermon was the subject of a discussion in the B.B.C.'s
program, «Meeting Point», in which I was questioned by some members of the morning congregation under the chairmanship of Canon W. E. Purcell, editor of this Dialogue, and at that time the
Religious Broadcasting Organizer
for the Midland Region of the B.B.C..
The practice of the networks was to produce
religious programs, either by making production facilities, technical services and some budget resources available to the
religious groups
for the production of their own
programs, or by using these
religious agencies as consultants on their own
religious programs.
Other five step
programs are available
for saving
religious adherents of any stripe to include summaries like the following:
Mike Gallagher, who was the Roman Catholic producer
for NBC - Catholic
programs, criticized the lack of seriousness which characterized the network attitude to
religious programs: «I have a rather cynical attitude towards the networks.
Similarly, he may conduct seminars on
religious aspects of mental health
for the staff of the community mental health
program.
And, as Jean - Louis Brindamour, who developed Pyramid Publications»
religious program, points out, «The phenomenal growth of sales so far tells us that time and a determined public will eventually force even greater space
for such books where they do not yet appear.»
That the new baccalaureate
program at Cornell University would be thoroughly interfaith in character is not surprising, since the Cornell United
Religious Work has functioned on an interreligious basis
for many years.
We are grateful
for America's global development and diplomacy
programs that have been instrumental in saving lives, safeguarding
religious liberties, and keeping America safe and secure.
When television came in about 1950, each of these «faith groups» was given time each Sunday
for their TV
programs —
programs which were broadly representative of the
religious and cultural diversity of the country as a whole.
If we ask what overt result Jesus may have hoped
for, the answer is not easy, because he issued no
program of
religious or political reform, any more than he laid down precise regulations
for individual behavior.
Furthermore, after he had been teaching at Stony Brook
for several years he helped to establish a
Religious Studies
Program there.
They are not simply calling
for a
religious revival but are also very actively carrying out
programs to help blacks and initiate meaningful change.
Still in draft form, the Code of Conduct commits signatories to faithful compliance with Charitable Choice; to straightforward and consistent communication about their
religious identity among their volunteers, service beneficiaries, donors and government partners; to refraining from using government funding
for «confessional activities»; to winsome and gentle witness; to love of neighbor; to freedom from
religious coercion; to nondiscrimination toward
program participants; to faithfulness to their mission; to credible and objective evaluation procedures; to avoidance of «turf wars» with other FBOs and nonprofits; and to rigorous financial accountability.