Scientists funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, have identified a cellular receptor
for rhinovirus C, a cold - causing virus that is strongly associated with severe asthma attacks.
In principle, if further tests bear out the protective effects of the two antibodies, then optimized versions of them, or small - molecule drugs that hit the same target, could be developed as treatments
for rhinovirus infections.
In their recent study, the researchers took a retrospective look at 697 patients who'd received transplants at Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Fred Hutch's clinical care partner, between 1993 and 2015 and who had also tested positive
for rhinovirus.
Soups are easy to digest and moisten and lubricate the mucosa in the nose and throat, making it harder
for rhinoviruses to penetrate.
Not exact matches
They were then quarantined, exposed to the
rhinovirus (also known as the main cause of the common cold) and monitored
for five days afterward while the colds took hold.
Her team's next step will be to understand whether certain patients are at higher risk
for getting infected with
rhinovirus in the first place and to ask if there are other risk factors
for pneumonia and other poor outcomes from the infection.
To begin, the team used harmless lentiviruses to distribute the genes
for about 100 million distinct antibodies among a similar number of HeLa cells, and later exposed the cells to the
rhinovirus.
Rhinovirus, which is responsible
for roughly half of all common colds, survives on surfaces in hotel rooms
for hours and can be transferred from there to people, a study shows.
While the cellular receptors
for other
rhinovirus types are known, the
rhinovirus C receptor had remained elusive.
A 1975 paper in the Journal of the American Medical Association,
for instance, showed that people infected with a common cold virus called the
rhinovirus shed more virus particles if they were treated with aspirin than untreated patients.
But
rhinovirus C is notably more severe than its relatives,
rhinoviruses A and B. Although the virus had likely been infecting people
for several thousand years, it was unknown to science until 2006, when it was discovered using new DNA sequencing technologies.
For instance, Liu uncovered physical features of
rhinovirus C that help explain why it is resistant to standard antiviral treatments, how it interacts with cells to cause infection, and why it behaves as a different disease from other members of the enterovirus family.
For some people (young children, in particular) rhinovirus C infection can be a precursor or complicating factor for asth
For some people (young children, in particular)
rhinovirus C infection can be a precursor or complicating factor
for asth
for asthma.
Rhinovirus C infections are also a major contributor to poor outcomes
for people with chronic lung conditions like cystic fibrosis, and early exposure to the virus can cause lifelong lung scarring leading to persistent respiratory difficulties later, says Palmenberg.
The findings are published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) and provide the foundation
for future antiviral drug and vaccine development against the virus,
rhinovirus C.
«
Rhinovirus C has been the «missing link» in explaining illness caused by the common cold,» says Michael Rossmann, Hanley Distinguished Professor of Biological Science at Purdue and co-lead of the study with UW — Madison's Ann Palmenberg, professor of biochemistry and with the Institute
for Molecular Virology.
Furthermore, a genome - wide forward screen with Haplobank identified PLA2G16 as a host factor that is required
for cytotoxicity by
rhinoviruses, which cause the common cold.
In fact, the
rhinovirus and adenovirus account
for up to 40 % of sore throat cases alone.
When sneezing and sniffling hit you during cold season, chances are the
rhinovirus, or cold virus, is responsible
for your symptoms and you may worry you could make your dog sick as well.
Rhinoviruses survive
for three hours outside of the body, and can sometimes live
for up to 48 hours on touchable surfaces, including everything from door knobs and subway poles to shopping carts and light switches.