For skyrmion - based racetrack memories to compete with current technologies, skyrmions must be small and move quickly and easily through a material.
Physicists are now on the hunt
for skyrmions within a different realm: antiferromagnetic materials.
Not exact matches
Incredibly tiny and tough to undo, magnetic
skyrmions could help feed humankind's hunger
for ever - smaller electronics.
A magnetic structure proposed
for the natural oddity known as ball lightning makes an appearance in a newfound variety of a knotlike entity called a
skyrmion, a team of scientists reports.
As some try to shrink room - temp
skyrmions down, others are bringing them up to speed, to make
for fast reading and writing of data.
Another idea is to use
skyrmions for biologically inspired computers, which attempt to mimic the human brain (SN: 9/6/14, p. 10).
At the same time, researchers are chasing after new kinds of
skyrmions, which may be an even better fit
for data storage.
«The type of
skyrmions you get is related to the crystal structure of the materials,» says physical chemist Claudia Felser of the Max Planck Institute
for Chemical Physics of Solids in Dresden, Germany.
Instead,
skyrmions might be useful in devices meant
for performing calculations.
Because they're stable, only a few nanometers in size, and need just small electric currents to transport them,
skyrmions hold potential as the basis
for ultra-compact and energy - efficient information storage and processing devices in the future.
«We have also shown that the dynamic
skyrmions can generate much stronger output in spintronic oscillators, so the potential use
for this new phenomenon is great,» he says.
«
Skyrmions à la carte: Magnetic vortices
for the IT of the future.»
«Since there is an insatiable appetite
for storing information,
for uses such as mobile phones, computers, and particularly online, nano -
skyrmions are very interesting as an information carrier,» Åkerman says.
«Our study provides the experimenters with recipes
for making
skyrmions à la carte,» explained Bertrand Dupé.
Like the
skyrmion itself, the scientists realized, the imitation magnetic field was knotted, and it matched the interlinked rings of magnetic fields proposed
for ball lightning.
Because the mode frequencies of
skyrmions are in the microwave range, the quasi-particles could be used
for new microwave nano - oscillators, which are important building blocks
for microwave integrated circuits.
Once created, they can be transported over distances of several hundreds nanometers, which means that
skyrmions can be created and manipulated in materials that have never before been considered
for skyrmionics.
Scientists have unlocked the secret to creating stable dynamic
skyrmions — the nanoscale magnetic whirls that promise to meet our insatiable appetite
for data storage.
For sufficiently large currents, this setup will allow the creation of a
skyrmion of 10 - 20 nanometers in size, underneath the nanocontact.
These features have made the
skyrmions attractive targets
for research into high - capacity memory devices.
One concept zips
skyrmions around a loop then past a stationary read / write head to eliminate the need
for mechanical components used in today's hard drives.
Aurelien Manchon, an Associate Professor of Material Science and Engineering at the University, notes that one of the main reasons
for the appeal of
skyrmions is their ability to avoid defects or uneven patches in thin films that would normally trap or «pin» a magnetic charge.
Skyrmions,
for example, are a kind of nanomagnet, composed of a spin - correlated ensemble of electrons acting as a topological magnet on certain microscopic surfaces.
Schematically,
skyrmions are pseudo-nanoparticles (see figure), which are expected to be very important
for storing and processing information in computers.
These chiral
skyrmions have dimensions significantly larger than the lattice constant, are topologically protected, and may have applications in spintronics and novel devices
for information storage.
Researchers at UCLA and the U.S. Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory announced today a new method
for creating magnetic
skyrmion bubbles at room temperature.
Scientists want to find a way to create 1 and 0 by using physics phenomena that don't actually change the atomic structure of the material —
for example, making a line of
skyrmions that could be read as 1s (
skyrmion) and 0s (no
skyrmion).
To make
skyrmion bubbles, researchers crafted a setup made out of tiny, precise, layered structures made using a process called lithography at the Center
for Nanoscale Materials, a DOE Office of Science user facility at Argonne.