«The challenge has been how to direct certain therapies designed to manipulate genes of interest in specific cells without developing a specific drug carrier
for each specific cell type.
Not exact matches
Because every
cell type in a mammalian organism requires access to genomic areas in a tempo - spatial
specific manner, the epigenome is crucial
for determining cellular identity.
«This is exactly the technology you could use to look
for epigenomic changes in
specific cell types,» says Martienssen, who is also on the International Human Epigenome Consortium's steering committee.
«Only by understanding the complexities of what happens in
specific cell -
types found in
specific areas of the brain during this disease can targeted treatments
for Parkinson's disease be produced.»
One of the many mysteries of stem
cells is how they morph from a universal
cell type, full of possibility, into one that's tailored
for a
specific job.
Scientists are hopeful that ultimately these
cells could be transformed in the laboratory to yield
specific cell types needed
for a particular treatment, or to cross the «blood - brain barrier» by expressing
specific therapeutic agents that are released directly into the brain.
«We've shown that a
specific type of these
cells, known as follicular helper T (Tfh)
cells are not only necessary, but are a limiting factor that differentiates between an average and a potent antibody response to HIV,» says Crotty, a scientific collaborator with the Center
for HIV / AIDS Vaccine Immunology & Immunogen Discovery (CHAVI - ID), a major research consortium led by The Scripps Research Institute.
To better determine the role of
specific chemoattractants in
type III hypersensitivity, lead author Yoshishige Miyabe, MD, PhD, a research fellow in Luster's lab, used multiphoton intravital microscopy — an imaging technology pioneered
for studies of immune
cell movements in living animals by CIID investigator and co-author Thorsten Mempel, MD, PhD — to follow in real time the development of IC - induced arthritis in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis.
In a previous related study published in the Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, the same team of NTU scientists found that fish scale - derived collagen would induce human umbilical vein endothelial
cells to express 2.5 times more of a
specific type of collagen responsible
for blood vessel formation, as compared to endothelial
cells cultured on bovine collagen.
The transplanted stem
cells differentiated to different
types of
cells with variable level of maturation,
specific for the nervous system.
All stem
cells are immature
cells known
for their ability to multiply indefinitely and give rise to progenitor
cells that mature into
specific cell types that populate the body's tissues during embryonic development.
We hope that this tool will help researchers gain new biological insights from transcriptome datasets in the future and provide information
for diseases that affect
specific cell types.»
The sorting of individual
cells is necessary
for many biological applications, including the isolation of
specific cell types from
cell suspensions.
While the genetic code carried in our DNA provides instructions
for cells to manufacture
specific proteins, it is a second code that determines which genes are in fact activated in particular
cell types.
«Use of induced pluripotent stem
cell (iPSC) technology» — which involves taking skin
cells from patients and reprogramming them into embryonic - like stem
cells capable of turning into other
specific cell types relevant
for studying a particular disease — «makes it possible to model dementias that affect people later in life,» says senior study author Catherine Verfaillie of KU Leuven.
«Not only did we find that LIGHT expression promoted tumor regression, upon further study we also identified the
specific type of T -
cell — CD8 — that was responsible
for shrinking the tumor,» Maker said.
The
specific pattern of epigenetic marks in a
cell type specifies identity and this epigenetic control is vital to what makes our
cells different,
for example a skin
cell from a liver
cell, when they all contain the same genetic instructions.
LPA is produced by a
specific type of stromal
cells, which forms a scaffold
for lymphocytes to crawl around within the node.
The technique, named
cell type specific labeling using amino acid precursors (CTAP), exploits the inability of vertebrate
cells to synthesize essential amino acids normally required
for growth and homeostasis.
For example, how genetic programs affect the function of
specific cell types, how they vary early or later in life and how dysfunction in these programs might contribute to disease, all of which could help scientists learn more about the fundamental workings of the brain.
Furthermore, besides offering valuable insight into the function of this novel RNA
type, the researchers also believe that the findings will open new avenues
for novel treatments in which
cell -
specific enhancer sequences can be targeted to alter gene expression.
«We hope this atlas will be a roadmap
for the field to explore the relationship between
specific cell types, signaling pathways, receptors, and the physiological function of brain circuits,» Kriegstein added.
This finding suggests their approach could be tailored to generate
specific cell types for patients with different
types of hypopituitarism.
Currently, investigators around the world are experimenting with restoring the immune
cells responsible
for keeping CMV in check by transplanting those
specific anti-viral
cells from healthy donors — a
type of immunotherapy.
Different
types of tumors show a preference
for specific organs and tissues; circulating breast cancer
cells,
for example, are likely to take root in bones, lungs, and the brain.
Previously, in the region that controls the function of the transcription factor that promotes differentiation from ES
cells to a
specific cell type, bivalent modifications of histones such as the accelerator and brake histone marks
for transcription were thought to have coexisted.
«Our findings are important because knowing the location and
specific cell type that require Jagged expression gives us the information we need to target therapeutics to the right place to compensate
for the lack of Jagged function in Alagille syndrome,» says Dong.
Solt notes that the study strongly suggests that Th17
cells have a pathological role in the development of
type 1 diabetes and use of ROR -
specific synthetic compounds targeting this
cell type may have potential as a preventative therapy
for type 1 diabetes.
We're manipulating genes in the
cell nucleus to produce
specific proteins, changing the normal recipe
for growth and maturation, and transforming adult
cells into a new
type of
cell with the ability to morph into any other
cell type,» said Cooke, senior author and chair of the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences.
«A better understanding of the brain region and
cell type -
specific binding targets of Hnrnph1 will tell us more about the function of this gene and possibly identify new therapeutic strategies
for minimizing risk and treating psychostimulant addiction — a disorder
for which there is currently no FDA - approved drug,» explained corresponding author Camron Bryant, PhD, assistant professor of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics & Psychiatry at BUSM.
CHiP - Seq data show that
cell -
type -
specific promoters are enriched
for cell -
type -
specific transcription factors.
Although scientists have examined insulin action in tumors
for years, the ability to knock out the insulin receptor in
specific types of tumor
cells adds a level of sophistication to these investigations, Rask - Madsen emphasizes.
While it is generally accepted that MSC are mostly quiescent during postnatal life, MSCs in different niches can presumably differentiate into the
specific cells of closely related niches during physiological turnover, injury or disease, as shown
for other stem
cell types (e.g., muscle satellite
cells).
In this edition, we're going to take a look at a very interesting tool that can be used
for creating (excuse the pun)
specific, targeted DNA modifications in transgenic animals, embryonic stem
cells, and / or tissue -
specific cell types: Cre - lox recombination.
In particular, they are now looking
for expertise in molecular biology, especially in virus - based techniques
for introducing new genes into
specific cell types in the grid -
cell circuit.
Ng2 - Cre is known to be expressed in the male germline, which needs to be considered in using Ng2 - Cre mice
for cell type -
specific conditional mutagenesis experiments, but the germline expression of Pdgfrb - Cre in both sexes limits the use of Pdgfrb - Cre as deleter
for pericyte - related experiments.
Depending on the composition of the viral envelope, viruses exhibit particular patterns of
cell tropism, and thus are suited
for infecting
specific cell types.
By understanding how certain brain
cells are either vulnerable or resistant to neurodegenerative diseases, the lab has also discovered
specific «profiles» of vulnerable
cell types, thus advancing neuroprotective strategies
for Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
With the recent development of transgenic mouse models, which allow labelling and manipulation of
specific cell types, more and more emphasis has been placed on the tissue scale: How does the collective behavior of many
cells gives rise to the architecture that is characteristic
for given kind of tissue?
Specific emphasis will be given to various microfluidic designs targeted
for use with different
cell types.
In doing so,
specific cell types may activate immune responses to fine tune
cell - fate decisions at the organismal level;
for instance, DNA damage in germ
cells induces an innate immune response in worms that promotes endurance of somatic tissues to allow delay of progeny production when germ
cells are hit by DNA damage.
The system, originally developed in 2007 and refined by Wall and Callaway
for targeting
specific cell types in 2010, uses a modified version of the rabies virus to «infect» a brain region, which in turn targets neurons that are connected to it.
During development,
cells have to integrate different
types of molecular and physical information to proliferate, and to make decisions such as whether to maintain pluripotency or trigger differentiation and acquire specialisation
for tissue -
specific functions.
However, the further development this
type of therapy requires a reliable source
for the large amounts of homogenous functional patient -
specific NK
cells needed and this has led to the generation of NK
cells from human induced pluripotent stem
cells (iPSCs)[3].
ENCODE has laid a foundation
for these kinds of studies by examining more than 140 of the hundreds of
cell types found in the human body and identifying many of the
cell type -
specific control elements.
To define the relationship between neuropeptide signaling and aging, we are developing novel approaches
for cell -
type -
specific analysis of neuropeptide signaling in the worm and the mouse.
Ultimately, we use all this information to establish innovative culture techniques
for generating unlimited neural stem
cell sources
for the derivation of
specific types of clinically relevant neuronal or glial
cells,
for their use in disease modelling and drug discovery platforms, and towards refining their efficacy
for future
cell replacement - based therapy.
Generation of mouse models
for cell type -
specific manipulation of translation, tools to visualize de novo protein synthesis, and techniques to identify translating mRNAs and newly synthesized proteins
Zoghbi has also investigated the
cell type -
specific requirements
for MECP2, and recently discovered that restoring MECP2 levels in certain neuronal subsets can rescue Rett phenotypes in mouse models.
September 1, 1997 Targeting gene therapy to
specific cells Researchers at the University of Chicago Medical Center have developed the first practical method to restrict the activity of genes used
for gene therapy to a
specific cell type.