Sentences with phrase «for stratospheric»

Speaking of Marc Jacobs, I fancy these Sherpa Moto Boots for the stratospheric price of $ 497 from http://www.shopbop.com, although there is free shipping to Australia on orders over $ 150.

For stratospheric circulation (which impacts strat - trop exchange, high latitude sea level pressure fields), we tune the GW drag.

The IPCC defines radiative forcing as «the change in net (down minus up) irradiance (solar plus longwave; in W m — 2) at the tropopause after allowing for stratospheric temperatures to readjust to radiative equilibrium, but with surface and tropospheric temperatures and state held fixed at the unperturbed values».

For the stratospheric sulphate idea, these fall into two classes — changes to the physical climate as a function of the changes in heating profiles in solar and longwave radiation, and chemical and ecological effects from the addition of so much sulphur to the system.

Therefore the need for the stratospheric sulphates will continue to increase much faster than any growth of CO2 emissions.

Adding in the greenhouse effect made for stratospheric cooling (since the gases trapped heat closer to the surface).

[13] The AR5 Glossary (Annex III) states:» The traditional radiative forcing is computed with all tropospheric properties held fixed at their unperturbed values, and after allowing for stratospheric temperatures, if perturbed, to readjust to radiative - dynamical equilibrium.

For the stratospheric sulphate idea, these fall into two classes - changes to the physical climate as a function of the changes in heating profiles in solar and longwave radiation, and chemical and ecological effects from the addition of so much sulphur to the system.

If the reduced human CFCs are responsible for the stratospheric warming then those CFCs help to drive climate but you have previously denied that.

A new study [subscription] led by Alan Robock at Rutgers University in New Jersey now looks at the prospects for stratospheric «geoengineering» in terms of its benefits, costs and risks.

For stratospheric water vapor, the analysis suggests a small negative correlation with the error from the long - run cointegrating relation, but the negative sign is inconsistent with the warming effect of stratospheric water vapor.

A new thesis is proposed for stratospheric ozone formed in situ at higher latitudes.

Hall, T.M., and D.W. Waugh, 1997: Timescales for the stratospheric circulation derived from tracers.

[note] In this context it intrigues me that those who advocate for stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) tend to ignore the possibility that the possible termination effect would increase net risk from greenhouse gas emissions, and the deployment of SAI should therefore (in risk adjustment terms) justify accelerated mitigation rather than reduced mitigation.

Radiative forcing is computed with all tropospheric properties held fixed at their unperturbed values, and after allowing for stratospheric temperatures, if perturbed, to readjust to radiative - dynamical equilibrium.

I'm somewhat SHOCKED that the modelers proposing a mid level «hot spot» were too ignorant to spot this flaw in their rationale for stratospheric cooling and a mid troposphere hot spot.

For stratospheric ozone, this is related to the MAGICC model assumption of stratospheric ozone being solely driven by the amount of ozone - depleting substances.

Randall et al. [1998, 2001] presented evidence from the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) II and III instruments for stratospheric O3 reductions caused by the EPP IE, showing depletions of 40 — 45 % in middle stratospheric O3 mixing ratios.

The Montreal Protocol has strated the healing process for stratospheric ozone.

There is a growing literature on the potential for stratospheric influences on climate (e.g. Matthes et al 2006, Gray et al 2010, Lockwood et al 2010, Scaife et al 2012) due to warming of stratospheric ozone by solar UV emissions.

Hu Y and Pierrehumbert RT 2001: The Advection - Diffusion Problem for Stratospheric Flow: Part II.

Hu Y and Pierrehumbert RT 2001: The Advection - Diffusion Problem for Stratospheric Flow: Part I. Concentration probability distribution function.

[i] This is treating missing 1861 - 1879 values as the same as for 1880, except for stratospheric (volcanic) aerosols.

Amongst other roles he served on the UK Research Councils» stage-gate panel for the Stratospheric Particle Injection for Climate Engineering (SPICE) project review and is a member of the Integrated Assessment of Geoengineering Potential (IAGP) project advisory group.

These frameworks are applied to structure the comprehensive research agenda outlined for stratospheric aerosol SWCE in Part 3 of this report.

His group briefly considered salt for stratospheric injection, he says, but problems popped up.

The World Meteorological Organization and other U.N. agencies overseeing the protocol acknowledge that DCM and other short - lived ozone - depleting substances «are an emerging issue for stratospheric ozone,» but the government signatories have yet to take action to limit their emissions.

The title of this post is stratospheric uncertainty and the knob used to tune to that «range of comfort» was aerosols which is the main reason for the stratospheric uncertainty and the «pause that refocuses».

Stratospheric ozone in models is erroneously being driven CFC emissions rather than ozone destroying sulphuric acid aerosols for stratospheric volcanic eruptions, and thus also providing a spurious anthropogenic post-2000 forcing.

The traditional radiative forcing is computed with all tropospheric properties held fixed at their unperturbed values, and after allowing for stratospheric temperatures, if perturbed, to readjust to radiative - dynamical equilibrium.

Based on the entire previous discussions over several pages, it now seems reasonable to conclude that solar absorption is a critical element needed for stratospheric cooling, but whether any cooling at all can occur without solar absorption was left unsettled.

Warming must occur below the tropopause to increase the net LW flux out of the tropopause to balance the tropopause - level forcing; there is some feedback at that point as the stratosphere is «forced» by the fraction of that increase which it absorbs, and a fraction of that is transfered back to the tropopause level — for an optically thick stratosphere that could be significant, but I think it may be minor for the Earth as it is (while CO2 optical thickness of the stratosphere alone is large near the center of the band, most of the wavelengths in which the stratosphere is not transparent have a more moderate optical thickness on the order of 1 (mainly from stratospheric water vapor; stratospheric ozone makes a contribution over a narrow wavelength band, reaching somewhat larger optical thickness than stratospheric water vapor)(in the limit of an optically thin stratosphere at most wavelengths where the stratosphere is not transparent, changes in the net flux out of the stratosphere caused by stratospheric warming or cooling will tend to be evenly split between upward at TOA and downward at the tropopause; with greater optically thickness over a larger fraction of optically - significant wavelengths, the distribution of warming or cooling within the stratosphere will affect how such a change is distributed, and it would even be possible for stratospheric adjustment to have opposite effects on the downward flux at the tropopause and the upward flux at TOA).

If you read Raypierre's chapter, you'll see that he was not invoking a grey gas model to require the presence of ozone for stratospheric cooling.

To elaborate on my comment # 3 above, the mechanism for stratospheric cooling consequent to increased atmospheric CO2 appears to be one of the most misunderstood elements of the greenhouse effect.

They measure temperature in very large segments of the atmosphere, and the «T2LT» channel for the lower troposphere is * inferred * from the data of those other channels by attempting to correct for the stratospheric influence and other factors.

As for stratospheric cooling, the trend since 1996 looks flat.

Purveyors of this delusion cite the current «pollyanna» environment for global corporations as validation for stratospheric equity valuations.

The reason for this stratospheric rise is simple: ETFs are suitable for all types of investors.

Comparison with the modeled temperature response in histAll is inconsistent without accounting for stratospheric water, land - use, solar, etc, some of which are poorly characterized (hence I did not make use of a calculation like this).

One surprise is the administration request for the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA), a joint mission with the German space agency that consists of a converted 747 jet with a telescope riding in the rear.

As its outré name would suggest, the store aims for a stratospheric level of cool.

Not exact matches

Snapchat's stratospheric engagement stats (to the tune of 100 million users spending a half hour on the platform per day) make it compelling for any brand.

Derivatives trading is the culmination of a wild year for bitcoin, which captured imaginations and investment around the world, propelled by its stratospheric gains, and its anti-establishment mission as a currency without the backing of a government or a central bank, and a payment system without a reliance on banks.

Mackey has blogged that stratospheric CEO pay is bad for business.

Life's good on Canada's west coast: Temperate weather, active lifestyles — and stratospheric real - estate prices that keep pushing net worths higher (at least, for those fortunate enough to be on the property ladder).

Jobs laid the foundation for Apple's leap from stable to stratospheric when things looked darkest.

Robertson Stephens, however, apparently felt that even that compromise valuation figure was too high — and advised that the figure be reduced further, according to one Robertson insider, who notes that Wired had become «a lightning rod» for the backlash against stratospheric valuations.

The elitists have no problems whatsoever with stratospheric stock and bond prices; 5,000 year low interest rates; $ 450 million Da Vinci's; $ 250 million private homes; $ 50,000,000 annual salaries for circus masters, whose role in keeping the masses distracted and dumb is vital; $ 1.9 million Aston Martins; $ 100,000 Air Jordan sneakers, or any of the other prices that have now gone into outer space.

You have lived for a while now within the upper stratospheric reaches of theological academia, reading books, writing papers, and chasing grades.

With beef prices in the U.S. reaching stratospheric levels, looking to one of our top - 10 trading partners for increased supply would seem to be in the best interest of hard - pressed American consumers.