To avoid this confusion, we want to develop a «liquid biopsy» that can evaluate blood
samples for tumor cells or tumor DNA.
Introducing human prostate cancer cell lines into mice, Wu and his colleagues saw a particular enzyme called MAOA activate a cascade of signals that made it
easier for tumor cells to invade and grow in bone.
For this purpose, they use certain enzymes, proteases that break down the tissue surrounding the tumor, thus opening the
way for tumor cells to reach blood or lymphatic vessels.
Importantly, while the enhanced presence of Bcl - xL is expected to promote cancer cell survival in the first place, it may also indicate that the apoptotic machinery (especially the caspases) are still in place, making it
necessary for the tumor cell to maintain a high level of Bcl - xL [10].
«Dr. Green and his colleagues have taken important steps in developing polymeric nanoparticles for DNA and siRNA delivery, with promising
specificity for tumor cells and enhanced stability,» said Jessica Tucker, Ph.D., program director for drug and gene delivery systems and devices at the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, which provided partial funding for these studies.
«Unlike bacteria, analogous
tests for tumor cells have been challenging, in part because the cells don't always proliferate upon removal from the patient.
While fibers aligned perpendicular to the surface of the tumor provide a
path for the tumor cells to follow and encourage spreading.
Longmore and his colleagues found that DDR2 is one factor helping to maintain high levels of SNAIL1 inside a tumor cell's nucleus, a necessary
state for a tumor cell to spread.
Tumor mouse models are being
examined for tumor cell death after conditional and tissue - specific reduction in mitotic fidelity and treatment with therapeutically relevant mitotic poisons such as paclitaxel.
It's a sort of catch - 22 of cancer biology; by protecting the host from development of cancer, the immune system ultimately
selects for tumor cells that are resistant to its attack.
Culture
media for tumor cells were supplemented with 10 % FBS, whereas culture medium for HUVEC was supplemented with 20 % FBS, with the exception of the experiment under low proliferation rate conditions (2 % FBS).
To obtain these lipids, hemangiosarcomas may take over the metabolic machinery of neighboring cells, forcing them to produce
nutrients for the tumor cells to help them proliferate and grow.
Removing the ovaries by spaying the dog before the first heat cycle prevents the release of hormones, thus leaving the breast tissue as a hostile
environment for the tumor cells.
A lensless microscope the size of a dime might quickly and cheaply scan
blood for tumor cells and parasites.
Because veins connect both the right and left sets of glands, it is
easy for tumor cells to cross from one side to the other though usually the glands on the same side as the original tumor are seeded first.
It may be «a
way for a tumor cell to escape recognition by chemotherapeutic drugs or the immune system» by hiding out inside another cell, says Maureen Murphy, a molecular biologist at Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
For tumor cells, the lymph nodes are a staging area and play a key role in advancing metastasis throughout the body.