Sentences with phrase «for tumor mutation»

Not exact matches

STAMFORD, Connecticut In record time, Loxo Oncology developed a novel drug for a wide variety of tumors that share a rare mutation.

As a cancer researcher, do you think the mechanisms of tumor growth are somehow changing to come into line with your perceptions, or is it possible that the process of our learning more about DNA mutations and cell architecture and nutrient exchange and epigenetic effects make it possible for us to inch ever closer to understanding that which is already going on under our noses?

Currently, many patients who acquire resistance to EGFR - targeted therapy undergo a tumor biopsy and are designated as either positive or negative for specific secondary mutations.

The authors suggest that therapies targeting TP53 mutations may yield better clinical outcomes for patients with HPV - inactive tumors.

For example, HPV - inactive tumors were 17 times more likely to contain disrupting TP53 gene mutations than HPV - active cervical cancers, rendering unnecessary the expression of the HPV E6 oncogene.

In contrast, HPV - inactive tumors often have mutations in the PIK3CA / PTEN / AKT pathway, indicating that AKT kinase inhibitors may be effective treatment options for these patients.»

If the silencing occurred in a gene responsible for suppressing tumor formation, the result would appear the same as genetic mutations that predispose people to cancer.

Then we can look for different treatment options, guided either by a mutation unique to that person's cancer or perhaps unique to that subtype of tumor.

While several techniques are currently available to assess EGFR mutation status, these methods require tumor biopsies and can often fail or have poor reproducibility due to insufficient material for mutation analysis.

Unlike previously known causes, this new discovery points to a potential therapeutic approach for those few patients whose tumors harbor the mutation.

Mutations in the gene BRAF are the most common mutation found in melanoma, with up to 50 percent of tumors testing positive for the mMutations in the gene BRAF are the most common mutation found in melanoma, with up to 50 percent of tumors testing positive for the mutationsmutations.

The approach is already routine for some cancer patients, such as women and men with breast cancer tumors that have high levels of a protein called HER2, or lung cancer tumors with mutations in the EGFR gene.

Each vaccine is essentially personalized for the individual patient, using the patient's own tumor which has a unique set of mutations and thus a unique presentation to the immune system.

These results demonstrate that noninvasive imaging of EGFR activating mutation status in primary and metastatic tumors with 18F - MPG PET / CT is a valid strategy for stratifying NSCLC patients for EGFR - TKI treatment.

«Finding which mechanisms determine why melanoma is so aggressive is very complex because more than 80,000 mutations have been described for this tumor,» says Direna - Alonso Curbelo, the article's first author.

BRAF inhibitors are a first line of treatment for melanoma patients who harbor the BRAF mutation, which is an abnormal change in a gene that causes some melanoma tumors to grow and spread more aggressively.

The latter, presented by Eric Lander of the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts, would systematically sequence tumor samples for mutations involved in cancer to speed up the search for new drugs and diagnostics.

«If we can define which types of mutations and changes are the critical events driving tumor growth, we will be better equipped to identify the most appropriate treatments for individual cancers.»

The team integrated three, complementary gene sequencing approaches to look for mutations in tumor cells from SS patients: whole - genome sequencing in six subjects, sequencing of all protein - coding regions (exomes) in 66 subjects, and comparing variation in the number of copies of all genes across the genome in 80 subjects.

In the era of precision medicine, targeting the mutations driving cancer growth, rather than the tumor site itself, continues to be a successful approach for some patients.

EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy is approved for EGFR activating mutation positive patients with advanced NSCLC, but the standard for determining mutation status is with DNA derived directly from tumor tissue, which can be limited or not available.

The authors acknowledge that «tumor tissue should be considered the preferred sample type when available, however, our encouraging results suggest that a single plasma - derived ctDNA sample may be considered appropriate for assessment of EGFR mutation status when tumor tissue is unavailable or exhausted.»

They tested these drugs one at a time for lethal interaction with 112 different tumor - suppressor gene mutations in human cancer cells growing in the lab.

The tumors» genomes were then analyzed for genetic mutations, or alterations in their DNA, by her team and that of Bert Vogelstein, M.D., professor of oncology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the co-director of the Ludwig Center at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center.

International researchers prospectively analyzed and compared tumor and matched plasma DNA for EGFR mutations from 1060 patients that were screened as part of a phase IV, open - label, single - arm, first - line gefitinib in EGFR mutation positive Caucasian patients.

«As there are no published guidelines for the use of ctDNA for EGFR mutation analysis in the absence of tumor tissue, these results may help address this current unmet need.»

«First - line immunotherapy treatment can improve survival for subset of lung cancer patients: Results of phase III global clinical trial show that 75 percent of stage IV lung cancer patients with both complex tumor mutations and PDL - 1 positive status respond to nivolumab.»

Samples of the tumor are excised, examined under a microscope and, often, analyzed to pinpoint the genetic mutations responsible for the malignancy.

For example, drugs that target a specific BRAF gene mutation commonly found in melanoma shrink tumors in about half of patients with the mutation.

For example, in colorectal cancer lab models, where a mutation in the beta - catenin gene drives MYC to cancerous levels, eliminating PVT1 from these cells made the tumors nearly disappear.

One project involves probing Foundation Medicine's growing database of tumor profiles for specific mutations and using that information to either design drugs or to parse patients into clinical trials of the company's drugs, says Pao.

«Our discovery of germline mutations in so many cases of Wilms tumor means that the children and family members of these patients may be at risk for tumor development,» said Perlman.

The role of rebiopsy and repeat analysis in the setting of post-treatment relapse, along with testing of blood samples for mutations in circulating tumor cells, cell free tumor DNA, or exosomes will be considered.

These mutants will initially be used for cancer research, determining which genetic mutations cause tumors to form and investigating therapies for people whose genetic backup plan failed them.

In cases where there are lots of T cells in the vicinity of a tumor, or where tumor cells have undergone large numbers of mutations, which creates additional targets for immune sentries, T cells will signal a full - fledged immune response to the cancer.

Using biopsies of the patients» tumors collected before the start of treatment and at the time patients developed resistance, the researchers performed large - scale genomic analyses to search for mutations specific to the cancer cells in all of each patient's 20,000 genes.

To confirm that the missing mutations were important for generating an immune response, the researchers cultured a subset of the neoantigen protein fragments containing the tumor mutations with immune cells taken from three patients» blood samples.

The new combination therapy is indicated for melanoma patients whose tumors express gene mutations called BRAF V600E and V600K.

However, these mutations can also become a weak point for a tumor.

But the diagnostic test, which checks to see if a patient's tumor carries a mutation in a gene coding for anaplastic lymphoma kinase, called ALK, is just $ 250.

The protein products of these genes, the authors note, «represent targets for immunotherapy, because inactivating mutations sensitize tumor cells to T - cell mediated attack.»

Tumor recurrence was faster and more likely among African American patients, particularly for basal subtype tumors or those driven by the TP53 mutation.

«We're looking for multiple mutations across tumors, mutations that turn on genes and promote cell growth,» Dias - Santagata says.

The final list of 24 questions ranges from how obesity contributes to cancer risk, to why certain mutations promote cancer in some tissues but not others and why some tumors lie dormant for years before becoming malignant.

Then Rosen's team searched for the mutations in genetic databases that catalogued tumors from cancer patients.

Mass General geneticist Dora Dias - Santagata explains that she and other pathologists at the hospital's Translational Research Laboratory examine patients» tumors for more than 150 cancer - inducing mutations.

Forde said the number of gene mutations in the tumor correlated closely with response to treatment and was a potential predictive marker for future studies.

It is why, in the past few years, scientists have been using DNA sequencing of tumors more frequently to discover the genetic mutations responsible for causing cancer.

To explore this idea, Hopkins oncologists Dung Le, Luis Diaz, and others looked for mismatch repair mutations in tumor samples from patients with advanced colon cancer and other cancer types whose tumors had stopped responding to other treatments.

• People with paragangliomas and those diagnosed with metastatic tumors should be tested for specific gene mutations associated with those conditions;