One hypothesis
for unc - 7 uncoordination is that ectopic AVA: B motor neuron gap junctions interfere with forward locomotion.
Mosaic analysis of unc - 9 followed the same strategy used
for unc - 7 [9].
Not exact matches
the winning
unc alpha challenge Team: congrats to csima members kevin Lin, damian creber and ed reynolds
for taking home first prize with their cardtronics short and mrc global long PITCH
There is no way we lose to Wisconsin, so Carolina, Gonzaga or
unc if Omari was playing
for us last year.
UNCs stand on catty - corner 25 - yard lines during NFL games, watching
for possible concussions and assisting team physicians in evaluating players.
Get ideas from other parents
for changing diapers with an
unc...
A: Myself and several others from Penn Medicine have been serving as
UNCs for about five years.
SapTrap includes a prebuilt donor plasmid library containing several types of fluorescent (EGFP, tagRFP, mCherry) and nonfluorescent (Halo, SNAP) tags, a selectable marker (floxed Cbr -
unc - 119)
for easy screening of the insertion event, and a variety of connector modules (linker sequences between the tag and homology arms).
One rescued line, EH536, was maintained and used
for genetic crosses involving
unc - 9 (fc16).
Other presumptive promoters tested included that
for sra - 11 (Psra - 11::
unc - 7S:: gfp), inserted as a 5.1 - kb Bam HI fragment (amplified with primers 5» - AGACTTCGACAGTTCAAGCTCTCGG - 3» and 5» - GTTGTCATGGATCCTAGCTGAAATATAAGGG - 3») and micro-injected at 10 — 100 ng / μl; acr - 5 (Pacr - 5::
unc - 7S;; gfp), inserted as a 4.4 - kb Sac II / Bam HI fragment (primers 5» - GAGAAAGAGAAGCGCCGCGGCTCAG - 3» and 5» - ACTCTGCTACCGGATCCACAGGAGC - 3») and micro-injected at 10 — 25 ng / μl; and cex - 1 (Pcex - 1::
unc - 7S:: gfp), inserted as a 1 - kb Sac II / Bam HI fragment (primers 5» - CCGCGGTTTGTCGTGTTCCAAACAGAAGC - 3» and 5» - TGCAACAACCAATTCTGAAAGTATAAGATTTGACTG - 3») and micro-injected at 100 ng / μl.
This pattern was recapitulated in
unc - 9 (fc16) single mutants (Figure 7E), indicating that
UNC - 9 is required
for the proper assembly of
UNC - 7S - containing AVB: B motor neuron gap junctions.
We carried out a non-complementation screen
for new alleles of
unc - 124 and identified four new mutations.
Previously we showed that the innexin
unc - 7 gene is essential
for coordinated locomotion in C. elegans [9].
Broods from these animals grown at 15 °C were later examined
for the presence of any animals displaying a kinker (
Unc -124-like) phenotype.
Analysis of the expression pattern from the
unc - 7:: Sgfp construct showed no evidence of motor neuron expression; therefore, it appeared that either expression of
UNC - 7S:: GFP in motor neurons is not required
for AVB: B motor neuron gap junctions to form, or analysis of the Punc - 7S promoter failed to detect low levels of motor neuron expression.
In
unc - 9
unc - 7 double mutants, the
UNC - 9:: GFP signal is qualitatively different — few bright punta arise, expression is more diffuse, and the GFP signal often concentrates in the cell soma of some B motor neurons, allowing
for their visualization.
Expression of
UNC - 9 under control of the acr - 5 promoter (Pacr - 5::
unc - 9) was achieved by PCR - amplifying the
unc - 9 coding region (primers 5» - CTAGTCTTTGCAGAGCAAGTGAGG - 3» and 5» - CCGTCACGACATGACTTAGGATGAG - 3») and cloning this 4.5 - kb product into the Eco RV site of pBS in an orientation allowing
for insertion of Sac II / Bam HI heterologous promoter fragments.
Long - range
unc - 9Δ:: gfp PCR products
for micro-injections were similarly PCR - amplified from ligations using the
UNC - 9A primer plus a primer specific to pPD95.77 (5» - TTGCTACAGGCATCGTGGTGTCACG - 3»).
To demonstrate that mutation of M121 did not lead to loss of an essential protein function, exon 1S was added back to allow
for expression of
UNC - 7S (M121L), and this construct (
unc - 7S - M121L; Figure 3G) fully rescued.
To verify an AVB but not motor neuron requirement
for UNC - 7S,
UNC - 7S:: GFP under control of the sra - 11 promoter [31] was expressed in
unc - 7 (e5).
Other strains used included CB1377 daf - 6 (e1377) X and CW129
unc - 9 (fc16) X.
For transformation rescue, SP1531 ncl - 1 (e1865)
unc - 36 (e251) III was sometimes used; the ncl - 1 gene was incidental in these cases.
A major motivation
for characterizing
unc - 7 and
unc - 9 was to investigate how specificity of gap junction formation between neurons might be achieved.
For + + /
unc - 2 unc - 124 crosses, 111 wild type and 58 non-Unc-2 Unc - 124 males were counted, placing unc - 2 34.3 cM from unc - 124, which positions hs10 very close to unc - 7 and quite distant from its original mapped locati
unc - 2
unc - 124 crosses, 111 wild type and 58 non-Unc-2 Unc - 124 males were counted, placing unc - 2 34.3 cM from unc - 124, which positions hs10 very close to unc - 7 and quite distant from its original mapped locati
unc - 124 crosses, 111 wild type and 58 non-
Unc-2 Unc - 124 males were counted, placing unc - 2 34.3 cM from unc - 124, which positions hs10 very close to unc - 7 and quite distant from its original mapped locati
Unc-2
Unc - 124 males were counted, placing unc - 2 34.3 cM from unc - 124, which positions hs10 very close to unc - 7 and quite distant from its original mapped locati
Unc - 124 males were counted, placing
unc - 2 34.3 cM from unc - 124, which positions hs10 very close to unc - 7 and quite distant from its original mapped locati
unc - 2 34.3 cM from
unc - 124, which positions hs10 very close to unc - 7 and quite distant from its original mapped locati
unc - 124, which positions hs10 very close to
unc - 7 and quite distant from its original mapped locati
unc - 7 and quite distant from its original mapped location.
Therefore,
unc - 7 locomotion defects can be rescued by either
UNC - 7S or
UNC - 7SR, but
UNC - 7L can not substitute
for this function (although it may have a subtle role or function in another process).
This product was similarly purified in a low - melt agarose gel and used at 1 ng / μl along with 50 ng / μl of the
unc - 36 (+) cosmid derivative RIp16 (gift of L Lobel)
for microinjection into
unc - 36 -LRB--) animals.
(The cold sensitive
unc - 7 (hs10) allele was originally used as the basis
for defining the gene
unc - 124 [50], and a heteroallelic interaction with
unc - 7 was reported [21, 50].
For + + / dpy - 8
unc - 124 crosses, 132 wild type and 41 non-Dpy Unc - 124 males were counted, placing dpy - 8 23.7 cM from hs10, and again positioning hs10 very close to unc -
unc - 124 crosses, 132 wild type and 41 non-Dpy
Unc - 124 males were counted, placing dpy - 8 23.7 cM from hs10, and again positioning hs10 very close to unc -
Unc - 124 males were counted, placing dpy - 8 23.7 cM from hs10, and again positioning hs10 very close to
unc -
unc - 7.
It also suggests that in
unc - 9 mutants, the native
UNC - 7 isoforms expressed in motor neurons (as detected by previous analysis of total
UNC - 7 expression) are insufficient to properly localize AVB - expressed
UNC - 7S:: GFP (that is,
UNC - 7 in motor neurons does not substitute
for UNC - 9 in localizing AVB - expressed
UNC - 7S).
(C) Co-localization (arrow) in an
unc - 7 (e5) animal rescued
for forward locomotion with
unc - 7S construct (Figure 3C, minus GFP).