Sentences with phrase «for urban effects»

In fairness to Hansen, for his U.S. data, he makes an effort to adjust for urban effects — whether his lit - unlit criterion works as well as it might is a different story.

Now you just need to do a «multiple regression mixed model», using also solar inputs, compensation for urban effects / % forested / % agriculture within buffer areas, and whatever other variables are appropriate in addition to the CO2 variable for predicting tempertature.

You don't seem to understand that the temperature records are calibrated to correct for urban effects, and the very close match between DFW and a nearby rural station shows that this is accurately done.

GISS does correct for urban effects (I should have RTFR I guess), you can read the details at the link.

After much debate the issue was pretty much settled, in terms of figuring out how to compensate for the urban effect and detecting a warming trend anyway, by 1990.

Corrections for urban effect are quite important, because it does influence climate even when the population is relatively small (10).

The long record has been corrected for urban effect (8, 9).

Not exact matches

According to an analysis of 2010 data by the Urban Institute, a nonpartisan think tank, the price tag was $ 669 million in direct hospital costs for just that year and $ 174 billion in larger societal costs, which includes disability, effects on employment, and other longer - term factors.

During Hurricane Harvey, we saw how a city's layout can worsen the effects of a storm, as Houston's urban sprawl and scant zoning likely set the stage for catastrophic flooding.

He said lightening roofs and roads in urban environments would offset the global warming effects of all the cars in the world for 11 years.

to be sure — is reporting that NASA has changed its data, taking out adjustments for the «urban island effect.»

The steam engine led to oppression for miners and other workers, the spread of vast urban slums, and a ruthless stranglehold by capitalistic investors on the wage earner.24 In the twentieth century, the effects of the automobile have been similarly far - reaching and ambivalent.

An 1884 newspaper illustration, for example, depicted a skeleton disguised as a fruit seller offering produce to little children, suggesting that raw, unboiled fruits and vegetables led to cholera.17 The actual culprit, especially in such turn - of - the - century urban metropolises as New York City, with its inadequate, overloaded water and sewer systems, was most likely bacteria residing on the outside of the produce, or contaminated water or milk that happened to be ingested, rather than anything in the produce itself.18 Given the laxative effect of fruits and vegetables if consumed in excess, however, it is understandable that people assumed fresh produce might contribute to diseases with symptoms that included diarrhea.

Co-author Dr Rachel McInnes, Senior Climate Impacts Scientist at the Met Office, added: «This finding that the effects of different types of vegetation — green space and gardens, and tree cover — differ at both very high and very low air pollution levels is particularly relevant for public health and urban planning policies.

Additionally, using organs - on - chips for testing avoids unnecessarily exposing patients to drug treatments that might be ineffective or have harmful side effects, Urban added.

For the pronghorn and 25 other endangered or threatened species, these are the hardest living conditions in the United States, and they are made worse by livestock grazing, recreational and urban development, hunting and poaching, and the effects of climate change.

The non-profit Cool Roof Rating Council (CRRC), for instance, suggests roofing surfaces that reflect the sun's heat so as to reduce the urban heat island effect while improving residential energy efficiency.

For example, greening neighbourhoods or painting roofs lighter colours will both reduce the urban heat - island effect and reduce carbon - dioxide emissions through reduced air - conditioning costs, while making cities more resistant to storm damage would reduce emissions generated from rebuilding devastated areas.»

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) encourages the creation of green roofs for mitigating the urban «heat island effect,» whereby temperatures in crowded cities can soar some 10 degrees Fahrenheit higher than in less developed areas nearby.

As the earth continues to warm due to the buildup of greenhouse gases, heat waves are expected to become more severe, particularly for cities, where concrete and a dearth of trees create what's known as the urban heat island effect.

On the other hand, they say the city could grow even more resilient due to the ongoing efforts to reduce the urban heat island effect — for instance through programs to install reflective roofs and plant trees, as well as to protect vulnerable populations through heat warning systems and the availability of cooling centers.

A University of Georgia study using a new method for calculating urban heat island intensities clarifies the conflict on whether urban density or sprawl amplify these effects more.

For the first time, researchers at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health studied the effects of gestational weight gain on childhood obesity risk among a multi-ethnic urban population.

The health effects of air pollution are a major concern for urban populations all over the world.

Researchers with the Urban Education Lab and the UChicago Crime Lab are evaluating the effects of Match's tutoring model and BAM mentoring for CPS students.

Currently, when transportation and urban planners evaluate alternative infrastructure investments and policies, they may need to account for health effects from local air quality, a consideration that warrants further planning to avoid negative outcomes, according to the researchers.

Reducing the urban heat island effect is becoming increasingly important as cities prepare for future warming.

«It is particularly bad for urban birds during the breeding season when they are torn between allocating resources towards fighting the toxic effects of pollution or towards laying healthy eggs, both of which aren't helped by their poor diet.»

Frustrated by the ongoing diplomatic stalemate, a number of urban leaders have decided to take matters into their own hands, adopting solutions that already exist or inventing new ones for limiting greenhouse gas emissions and preparing for the effects of ongoing global warming.

Surface data are more adequately corrected for urban island heat effect in the US and other OECD countries.

When the urban heat island effect was taken into account, they found that the economic cost of climate change for these cities would be 2.6 times higher than previously thought.

-- 7) Forest models for Montana that account for changes in both climate and resulting vegetation distribution and patterns; 8) Models that account for interactions and feedbacks in climate - related impacts to forests (e.g., changes in mortality from both direct increases in warming and increased fire risk as a result of warming); 9) Systems thinking and modeling regarding climate effects on understory vegetation and interactions with forest trees; 10) Discussion of climate effects on urban forests and impacts to cityscapes and livability; 11) Monitoring and time - series data to inform adaptive management efforts (i.e., to determine outcome of a management action and, based on that outcome, chart future course of action); 12) Detailed decision support systems to provide guidance for managing for adaptation.

«Children spend nearly 80 percent of their time indoors, which makes understanding the effects of indoor air very important,» said co-author, Gregory B. Diette, MD, an associate professor in the School of Medicine and co-director of the Center for Childhood Asthma in the Urban Environment.

Then line the eyes with a deep purple pencil, like Urban Decay 24/7 Glide - On Eye Pencil in Lust, for a dramatic effect that's downright sexy.

Step 9: For added drama, use the Urban Decay Double Team Special Effect Colored Mascara and layer it on top of the black mascara.

Equally harmonious in urban or rustic settings, the Portland window treatments feature a rich cream and bronze color woven together using both chenille and spun polyester yarns for a dramatic effect.

This one does double - duty, combining the power of Urban Decay's classic setting spray with a cooling effect for keeping it chill all day long.

For a light base, I've been loving the Urban Decay Naked Skin One & Done Hybrid Complexion Perfector as it leaves my skin looking smooth and silky with a soft - focus effect.

The market for administrators in urban school districts is increasingly becoming national in scope, yet for mobile administrators retirement benefit systems with 5 - to 10 - year vesting systems can have a devastating effect on retirement savings.

One of our studies was a randomized trial in a large urban district that found significant positive effects on reading achievement for students who used Accelerated Reader according to the publisher's recommendations.

Their research interests include the effects of childhood exposure to violence, parenting practices across cultures, college access for urban students, and promoting resiliency in children.

Now, look back up at urban charter effects and you'll see the three year results in math are about at the floor of what the SIG study could detect, and the results in reading are much lower than what the SIG study could detect (the SIG study also tracked children for 3 years).

In effect, the nation's urban high schools, which served increasing numbers of young people from poor and immigrant families, were arguably providing the best academic and, for a smaller number of students, vocational education available in the United States at that time.

And to turn back to school choice for a moment, Imberman finds that charters in an unnamed urban district had no effect on student tests scores — but had large positive effects on discipline and attendance.

Deming studies the economics of early childhood and K — 12 education and the effects of education policy on long - term outcomes for disadvantaged urban youth.

Like virtually all prior work, their results suggested that the effect on educational attainment is largest for urban minority students.

Gold notes, for example, how the demand that urban schools intervene directly to overcome the effects of poverty on achievement results in a proliferation of site - based social - service programs — clinics, counseling, rehab centers, family interventions — whose maintenance can overwhelm the instructional mission of the school.

Their summary of the sector's academic outcomes, which draws heavily on a series of studies by the Center for Research on Education Outcomes (CREDO) at Stanford University, is likewise relatively uncontroversial: there is a positive achievement effect for poor, nonwhite, urban students, but suburban and rural charters come up short, as do online charters, about which the authors duly report negative findings.

While both these charter studies roughly track the effects found in the school funding study, I don't think we know enough about adult outcomes for urban charters.

But the evidence on test score gains is massive: CREDO has studied dozens of cities and have found an overall effect of ~.1 for urban areas serving hundreds of thousands of students.